Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell Based On Ternary Quaternary Quantum Dots
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Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell Based on Ternary Quaternary Quantum Dots by Navjot Singh Pdf
A Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell employing ternary or quaternary quantum dots represents an innovative approach to solar energy conversion. In this design, the utilization of three or four distinct types of quantum dots enables the solar cell to efficiently capture a broader spectrum of light. This enhanced light absorption is achieved through careful bandgap engineering, allowing the quantum dots to absorb different wavelengths of sunlight. The diverse composition of ternary/quaternary quantum dots contributes to improved charge separation and reduced recombination losses, fundamental factors in maximizing the efficiency of energy conversion. The advanced materials not only facilitate efficient electron injection into the semiconductor layer but also offer versatility in tailoring the optoelectronic properties of the solar cell. The multi-dot structure enhances light harvesting capabilities, increasing the likelihood of capturing photons across a wide range of the solar spectrum. This approach addresses limitations observed in traditional solar cells and holds promise for boosting overall performance in harnessing solar energy. The potential for multiple exciton generation within ternary/quaternary quantum dot systems adds an intriguing dimension to their functionality, offering the possibility of generating multiple electron-hole pairs from a single absorbed photon. This phenomenon has the potential to significantly enhance the quantum efficiency of the solar cell.
Responsive Nanomaterials for Sustainable Applications by Ziqi Sun,Ting Liao Pdf
This book addresses the fabrication of responsive functional nanomaterials and their use in sustainable energy and environmental applications. Responsive functional nanomaterials can change their physiochemical properties to adapt to their environment. Accordingly, these novel materials are playing an increasingly important role in a diverse range of applications, such as sensors and actuators, self-healing materials, separation, drug delivery, diagnostics, tissue engineering, functional coatings and textiles. This book reports on the latest advances in responsive functional nanomaterials in a wide range of applications and will appeal to a broad readership across the fields of materials, chemistry, sustainable energy, environmental science and nanotechnology.
Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Jiang Wu,Zhiming M. Wang Pdf
The third generation of solar cells includes those based on semiconductor quantum dots. This sophisticated technology applies nanotechnology and quantum mechanics theory to enhance the performance of ordinary solar cells. Although a practical application of quantum dot solar cells has yet to be achieved, a large number of theoretical calculations and experimental studies have confirmed the potential for meeting the requirement for ultra-high conversion efficiency. In this book, high-profile scientists have contributed tutorial chapters that outline the methods used in and the results of various quantum dot solar cell designs, including quantum dot intermediate band solar cells, hot electron quantum dot solar cells, quantum-dot sensitized solar cells, colloidal quantum dot solar cells, hybrid polymer-quantum dot solar cells, and MEG quantum dot solar cells. Both theoretical and experimental approaches are described. Quantum Dot Solar Cells helps to connect the fundamental laws of physics and the chemistry of materials with advances in device design and performance. The book can be recommended for a broad audience of chemists, electrical engineers, and materials scientists, and is suitable for use in courses on materials and device design for advanced and future optoelectronics.
Author : Mohammad Azad Malik,Peter Skabara Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry Page : 514 pages File Size : 53,7 Mb Release : 2017-11-08 Category : Science ISBN : 9781782624585
Emerging Photovoltaic Materials by Santosh K. Kurinec Pdf
This book covers the recent advances in photovoltaics materials and their innovative applications. Many materials science problems are encountered in understanding existing solar cells and the development of more efficient, less costly, and more stable cells. This important and timely book provides a historical overview, but concentrates primarily on the exciting developments in the last decade. It includes organic and perovskite solar cells, photovoltaics in ferroelectric materials, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, materials with improved photovoltaic efficiencies as well as the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally-friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides.
Ternary Quantum Dots by Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi,El Hadji Mamour Sakho,Sundararajan Parani,Thabang Calvin Lebepe Pdf
Ternary Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications reviews the latest advances in ternary (I-III-VI) chalcopyrite quantum dots (QDs), along with their synthesis, properties and applications. Sections address the fundamental key concepts of ternary quantum dots, progress in synthesis strategies (i.e., organic and aqueous synthesis), and characterization methods (i.e., transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, etc.). Properties of ternary quantum dots are comprehensively reviewed, including optical, chemical and physical properties. The factors and mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of ternary quantum dot-based nanomaterials are also described. Since ternary chalcopyrite quantum dots are less toxic and more environmentally benign than conventional binary II-VI chalcogenide quantum dots, they are being investigated to replace conventional quantum dots in a range of applications. Thus, this book reviews QDs in various applications, such as solar cells, photocatalytic, sensors and bio-applications. Reviews fundamental concepts of ternary quantum dots and quantum dot-nanocomposites including the most relevant synthesis strategies, key properties, and characterization techniques Delves into the cytotoxicity of quantum dots looking at the factors and mechanisms that influence cytotoxicity including demonstration of cytotoxicity assays for in vitro and in vivo tests Touches on the many applications of ternary quantum dots including biomedical applications, applications in solar cells, sensing applications, and photocatalytic applications
Core/Shell Quantum Dots by Xin Tong,Zhiming M. Wang Pdf
This book outlines various synthetic approaches, tuneable physical properties, and device applications of core/shell quantum dots (QDs). Core/shell QDs have exhibited enhanced quantum yield (QY), suppressed photobleaching/blinking, and significantly improved photochemical/physical stability as compared to conventional bare QDs. The core-shell structure also promotes the easy tuning of QDs’ band structure, leading to their employment as attractive building blocks in various optoelectronic devices. The main objective of this book is to create a platform for knowledge sharing and dissemination of the latest advances in novel areas of core/shell QDs and relevant devices, and to provide a comprehensive introduction and directions for further research in this growing area of nanomaterials research.
This book presents the principle of operation, materials used and possible applications of third generation solar cells that are under investigation and have been not commercialized on a large scale yet. The third generation photovoltaic devices include promising emerging technologies such as: organic, dye sensitized, perovskite and quantum dot sensitized photocells. This book introduces the reader to the basics of third generation photovoltaics and presents in an accessible way phenomena and a diversity of materials used. In this book one will find the description of the working principle of new promising solar technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, prospect applications and preliminary analysis of their impact on the environment. The fundamentals of traditional solar cell operation are also included in the book facilitating understanding of new ideas. This book is ideal reading for everyone who is interested in novel solutions in photovoltaics as well as applications of nanotechnology, photochemistry and materials research.
Application of Quantum Dots in Biology and Medicine by Puspendu Barik,Samiran Mondal Pdf
This book illustrates various applications of quantum dots (QDs) in the biomedical field and future perspectives. It first introduces the synthesis procedures and fundamental properties of QDs. In addition, the optical detection techniques and toxicologic reviews of QDs are presented. A focus of the book is also on the applications of QDs in cancer therapy, drug delivery, bio-sensing, and targeted molecular therapy. This book is exciting and valuable to a wide variety of readership communities (students, early-stage researchers, and scientists) in the various fields of biology and medicine.
Functional Materials from Carbon, Inorganic, and Organic Sources by Sanjay J. Dhoble,Amol Nande,N. Thejo Kalyani,Ashish Tiwari,Abdul Kariem Arof Pdf
Functional Materials from Carbon, Inorganic and Organic Sources: Methods and Advances describes the basic principles, mechanisms and theoretical background of functional materials. Sections cover Carbon-based functional materials, Inorganic functional materials for renewable and sustainable energy applications, and Organic and biological based functional materials. Applications such as energy storage and conversion, electronic and photonics devices, and in medicine are also explored. Sections dive into photovoltaic devices, light emitting devices, energy storage materials and quantum dot devices, solar cell fundamentals and devices, perovskite materials and ceramic thin films. Final sections emphasize green approaches to synthesis in semiconductor nanoparticles, quinolone complexes, biomaterials and biopolymers. Introduces the reader to a wide range of the most relevant functional materials, including carbon-based materials, inorganic materials for energy applications, and organic and biological based materials Reviews the synthesis and characterization methods used to create, optimize and analyze functional materials properties Discusses the use of functional materials to enable emerging technologies, along with remaining barriers to commercial adoption and opportunities
Metal-Chalcogenide Nanocomposites by Mohammad Ehtisham Khan,Jeenat Aslam Pdf
Metal-chalcogenides have exceptional properties and can be used for electronic devices, environmental monitoring, and sensing applications, for energy storage, as electrode materials, in fuel cells, membranes and for photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants in the field of waste-water treatment applications. Metal-Chalcogenide Nanocomposites: Fundamentals, Properties, and Industrial Applications focuses on metal chalcogenide nanomaterials for environmental remediation and corrosion applications. The chapters focuses on cost-effective and facile fabrication approaches, their growth mechanisms, optical, electrical, and other important properties and their applications in a broad range of diverse fields such as photocatalysis, photovoltaics, hydrogen production, lithium batteries, energy storage, anticorrosion, and sensor devices. The book will be an important information source for both material scientists and engineers who want to create the next generation of products and devices for energy and environmental applications. Covers fabrication, standard characterization, photocatalytic mechanisms, and environmentally-sustainable fabrication methods Applications covered include environmental, electronics, oil, gas, water treatment, sensing, and many more Includes challenges and future opportunities, which are discussed in detail
Solar Light Harvesting with Nanocrystalline Semiconductors by Oleksandr Stroyuk Pdf
This book explains the use of nanocrystalline semiconductors in the harvesting of energy from solar light. It introduces promising methodology and technology which may help to increase the efficiency of light harvesting – one of the major challenges on the way toward sustainable energy generation.The book starts with a general introduction to the photochemistry of semiconductor nanocrystals. In the introductory chapter, the author also provides a frank and critical discussion on perspectives and limitations of the photocatalytic processes for solar light conversion including a historical account on semiconductor photocatalysis. He discusses that (and also why) it is a long way from laboratory prototypes to real sustainable technologies.The following chapters outline the conversion of solar light energy in semiconductor nanophotocatalysis on the one hand, and to (electric) energy in nanocrystalline semiconductor-based solar cells on the other hand. Topics addressed include nanophotocatalytic hydrogen production, artificial photosynthesis, quantum-dot sensitized liquid-junction and bulk heterojunction solar cells. Perspectives and opportunities, but also bottlenecks and limitations are discussed and the novel systems compared with established technology, such as classical silicon solar cells. While readers in this way learn to understand the basics and get introduced to the current research in the field, the final chapter provides them with the necessary knowledge about methodology, both in synthesis and characterization of semiconductor nanophotocatalysts and semiconductor nanomaterials, including examples for the practice of photocatalytic experiments and the studies of semiconductor-based solar cells.
Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications by Sabu Thomas,El Hadji Mamour Sakho,Nandakumar Kalarikkal,Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi,Jihuai Wu Pdf
Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications provides a review of recent developments in the field of nanomaterials based solar cells. It begins with a discussion of the fundamentals of nanomaterials for solar calls, including a discussion of lifecycle assessments and characterization techniques. Next, it reviews various types of solar cells, i.e., Thin film, Metal-oxide, Nanowire, Nanorod and Nanoporous materials, and more. Other topics covered include a review of quantum dot sensitized and perovskite and polymer nanocomposites-based solar cells. This book is an ideal resource for those working in this evolving field of nanomaterials and renewable energy. Provides a well-organized approach to the use of nanomaterials for solar cell applications Discusses the synthesis, characterization and applications of traditional and new material Includes coverage of emerging nanomaterials, such as graphene, graphene-derivatives and perovskites
Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide Solar Cells Sensitized with Germanium Quantum Dots by Yinghong Miao Pdf
Germanium quantum dots are a small band gap semiconductor. The band gap of bulk Ge is 0.66eV. It can absorb near infrared wavelength. Germanium has a large Bohr radius of 24.3nm. Therefore, the size of Ge can be easily tailored. Thus the absorption range of Germanium quantum dots could be broadened into the near infrared range and visible light range. In the solar cells, Germanium quantum dots are embedded in porous titanium dioxide wide band gap semiconductor. Ge quantum dots are used as sensitizers for the wide band gap semiconductor TiO 2 in the solar cells. RF magnetron sputtering is used for depositing TiO 2 -Ge nanocomposite thin films. The sputtering target is made by mixing the germanium and titanium oxide powders together. By X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray System(EDXS) characterization techniques, the microstructure and morphology of thin films are clearly observed. TiO 2 exists in the thin films as anatase titanium dioxide. Ge exists in the form of cubic germanium, not germanium oxide. Germanium dots are embedded in the titanium dioxide nanocrystals in thin film. The TiO 2 -Ge composite thin films are porous, as observed from TEM images. The Ge atomic concentration in the thin film is lower than that of the target studied by EDXS. Three sets of solar cells were made. First, the working electrode TiO 2 -Ge composite thin films were made from 45wt% Ge-55wt% TiO 2 target at 600°C. In the thin film microstructure, Ge quantum dots are embedded in the titanium dioxide nanocrystals matrix. The average particle sizes of Ge dots made at RF(radio frequency) power 100W, 125W and 150W are 13.11 nm, 24.9 nm and 21.29 nm, respectively. The concentration of germanium in the thin films made from these three different RF power is almost the same. It is about 20 atomic%. From the UV-VIS spectroscopy, Ge quantum dots in the thicker films absorb light in the visible range and near infrared range. Solar cells were successfully fabricated. The cells produced a small short circuit current. The open circuit voltage is between 0.34 V and 0.54 V. The photocurrent is very small. The highest efficiency is 0.0027% obtained. As the thickness of thin film increases, the cell performance improves. But the cell performance regresses with further thin film thickness increase. Second, the thin films were deposited at 600°C from the 9wt% Ge-91wt% TiO 2 target. In the thin films, Ge quantum dots are embedded in the titanium dioxide nanocrystals as observed by TEM. The average particle size of Ge dots at RF power 100W, 125W, and 150W are 12.2 nm, 9.45 nm and 10.99 nm, respectively. The average particle size of Ge dots is much smaller than the thin film deposited from 45wt% Ge-55wt% TiO 2 target. From the UV-VIS spectroscopy observations, the thicker thin films begin to absorb visible light by Ge quantum dots. The thinner films do not absorb light in the visible range. The cells made from the thin films successfully produced a small amount of photocurrent. The open circuit voltage is in the range of 0.18 V and 0.52 V. The photocurrent is very small. The highest efficiency is 0.0079%. As the thickness of thin film increases, the cell performance improves. But with further thickness increase, the cell performance regresses. Third, at 500°C, anatase titanium dioxide is still the main phase in the thin films. In the thin films produced at 450°C from 45wt% Ge-55wt% TiO 2, rutile titanium dioxide begins to form and becomes the dominant phase. At both 450°C and 500°C, Ge is in the form of germanium. Cells made from these thin films do not produce photocurrent. The I-V curve goes through the original point. Mostly, it is because the thin films are very porous which makes the electrolyte come in contact with ITO thin film. The Solar cells made from TiO 2 -Ge composite thin films gave a small current. Many of improvements are needed to get good efficiency from the cells. The energy in the infrared light comprises half the energy of the solar spectrum. A solar cell which effectively uses the near infrared light in the solar light will be very promising.
