Radical Reactions Of Fullerenes And Their Derivatives

Author : B.L. Tumanskii,O. Kalina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306476341

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Radical Reactions of Fullerenes and their Derivatives by B.L. Tumanskii,O. Kalina Pdf

The discovery of fullerenes, species belonging to the electronodeficient polyalkenes with weakly conjugated double bonds, has opened novel opportunities for the radical chemistry. Pioneering study in this field was performed by P. J. Krusic, E. Wasserman, P. N. Keizer, J. R. Morton, and K. F. Preston (Science, 1991, 254, 1184). The fullerenyl radical adducts formed via addition of atoms or free radicals to fullerenes have no analogs in organic chemistry. In fact, radicals in which the unpaired electrons are delocalized over the surface of a sphere or ellipsoid have never been studied before. The unusual character of the fullerenyl radicals is also due to the fact that they occupy a sort of intermediate position between the planar and tetrahedral radicals. Thus, the elucidation of the characteristic features of fullerenyl radicals and their reactivity by EPR spectroscopy, and the comparison of the results with those of quantum-chemical studies are of fundamental importance. Isolation of the products from homolytic reactions of fullerenes in bulk amounts opens the door to large-scale preparation of new organic and organoelement derivatives of including biologically active ones. Radical reactions of fullerenes find wide application in the synthesis of fullere- containing polymers with valuable photophysical characteristics. Ferromagnetism of the complex of with tetra(dimethylamino)ethylene found lends impetus to a search of novel methods for preparation of biradicals one unpaired electron of those is located on the fullerene cage while the other retained by the addend.

Author : B L Tumanskii,O Kalina
Publisher : Springer
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9401742731

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Radical Reactions of Fullerenes and Their Derivatives by B L Tumanskii,O Kalina Pdf

The discovery of fullerenes has opened novel opportunities for radical chemistry. The fullerenyl radical adducts formed via addition of atoms or free radicals to fullerenes have no analogs in organic chemistry. Thus, the elucidation of the characteristic features of fullerenyl radicals and their reactivity by EPR spectroscopy is of fundamental importance. Isolation of the products from homolytic reactions of fullerenes in bulk amounts opens the door to large-scale preparation of new organic and organoelement derivatives of C60, including biologically active ones. Radical reactions of fullerenes find wide application in the synthesis of fullerene-containing polymers with valuable photophysical characteristics. Ferromagnetism of the complex of C60 with tetra(dimethylamino)ethylene lends impetus to a search for novel methods for preparation of biradicals, with one unpaired electron located on the fullerene cage and the other retained by the addend. This book covers the results of studies on homolytic reactions of fullerenes, the structures and reactivities of fullerenyl radicals performed by EPR, quantum-chemical, and other methods. Examples of the application of radical reactions of fullerenes in the synthesis and typical methods for their investigation are given. This book is intended for researchers working in chemistry of homolytic reactions as well as for fullerene scientists.

Author : Roger Taylor
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1995-08-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789814500289

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The Chemistry Of Fullerenes by Roger Taylor Pdf

The closed-cage carbon molecules known as fullerenes provide an entirely new branch of chemistry, materials science, and physics. Fullerene research is now engaging the frenetic attention of thousands of scientists. Initially, the chemistry was relatively slow to develop due to the low availability of material, and the need for state-of-the-art instrumentation for product analysis. This research area is now very definitely up-and-running, and will soon become the main focus of attention in the fullerene field. The number of published papers already runs into hundreds, and the main features of fullerene reactivity have been established. This book describes all of the known types of reactions as well as the means of production, the purification, and the properties of fullerenes.

Author : Marina A. Petrukhina,Lawrence T. Scott
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-11-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 1118011252

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Fragments of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes by Marina A. Petrukhina,Lawrence T. Scott Pdf

This book is the first of its kind to reflect upon the intense and rapidly growing interest in open geodesic polyaromatic molecules, specifically focusing on their synthesis and reactivity in metal binding reactions. The book broadly covers all aspects related to the fullerene fragment chemistry: current synthetic techniques, description of the available members of this new family (which has grown to more than two dozens members, with none being available commercially), molecular geometry and trends in the solid state packing, as well as extensions into physical properties and new buckybowl-based molecules and materials. It covers fundamental research related to a new class of hydrocarbons, namely open geodesic polyarenes that map onto the surfaces of fullerenes (and referred to as fullerene fragments or buckybowls.

Author : Andreas Hirsch,Michael Brettreich
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2006-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527605941

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Fullerenes by Andreas Hirsch,Michael Brettreich Pdf

In this handbook, the leading experts in the field presents important and fundamental aspects of the organic and organometallic chemistry of fullerenes. Naturally they also cover the applications in material and medicinal science for these fascinating molecules. Completely self-contained, the book is logically arranged such that information is easy to retrieve, and the style lends itself to effortless reading and to learning more about the chemical properties of this family of molecules. A definitive "must" for everyone working in this ever-expanding sphere.

Author : Mihai Putz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 575 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429665875

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New Frontiers in Nanochemistry: Concepts, Theories, and Trends by Mihai Putz Pdf

New Frontiers in Nanochemistry: Concepts, Theories, and Trends, Volume 2: Topological Nanochemistry is the second of the new three-volume set that explains and explores the important basic and advanced modern concepts in multidisciplinary chemistry. Under the broad expertise of the editor, this second volume explores the rich research areas of nanochemistry with a specific focus on the design and control of nanotechnology by structural and reactive topology. The objective of this particular volume is to emphasize the application of nanochemistry. With 46 entries from eminent international scientists and scholars, the content in this volume spans concepts from A-to-Z—from entries on the atom-bond connectivity index to the Zagreb indices, from connectivity to vapor phase epitaxy, and from fullerenes to topological reactivity—and much more. The definitions within the text are accompanied by brief but comprehensive explicative essays as well as figures, tables, etc., providing a holistic understanding of the concepts presented.

Author : Andreas Hirsch (Dr. rer. nat.)
Publisher : Thieme Medical Publishers
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015033969554

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The Chemistry of the Fullerenes by Andreas Hirsch (Dr. rer. nat.) Pdf

Author : Dirk M. Guldi,Karl M. Kadish
Publisher : The Electrochemical Society
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 1566773172

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Fullerenes for the New Millennium by Dirk M. Guldi,Karl M. Kadish Pdf

Author : Robin Hicks
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119956969

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Stable Radicals by Robin Hicks Pdf

Stable radicals - molecules with odd electrons which are sufficiently long lived to be studied or isolated using conventional techniques - have enjoyed a long history and are of current interest for a broad array of fundamental and applied reasons, for example to study and drive novel chemical reactions, in the development of rechargeable batteries or the study of free radical reactions in the body. In Stable Radicals: Fundamentals and Applied Aspects of Odd-Electron Compounds a team of international experts provide a broad-based overview of stable radicals, from the fundamental aspects of specific classes of stable neutral radicals to their wide range of applications including synthesis, materials science and chemical biology. Topics covered include: triphenylmethyl and related radicals polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radicals: towards multifunctional molecular materials phenalenyls, cyclopentadienyls, and other carbon-centered radicals the nitrogen oxides: persistent radicals and van der Waals complex dimers nitroxide radicals: properties, synthesis and applications the only stable organic sigma radicals: di-tert-alkyliminoxyls. delocalized radicals containing the hydrazyl [R2N-NR] unit metal-coordinated phenoxyl radicals stable radicals containing the thiazyl unit: synthesis, chemical, and materials properties stable radicals of the heavy p-block elements application of stable radicals as mediators in living-radical polymerization nitroxide-catalyzed alcohol oxidations in organic synthesis metal-nitroxide complexes: synthesis and magneto-structural correlations rechargeable batteries using robust but redox-active organic radicals spin labeling: a modern perspective functional in vivo EPR spectroscopy and imaging using nitroxides and trityl radicals biologically relevant chemistry of nitroxides Stable Free Radicals: Fundamentals and Applied Aspects of Odd-Electron Compounds is an essential guide to this fascinating area of chemistry for researchers and students working in organic and physical chemistry and materials science.

Author : Xing Lu,Takeshi Akasaka,Zdeněk Slanina
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 1029 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811689949

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Handbook of Fullerene Science and Technology by Xing Lu,Takeshi Akasaka,Zdeněk Slanina Pdf

Nanocarbon chemistry and physics is a fast-developing, broad research area – the Nobel prizes in 1996 and 2010 awarded to two key discoveries in the field, and several other nanocarbon achievements of comparable importance. Owing to this rapid growth, the nanocarbon landscape fundamentally changes every few years, creating a need to survey the field on a regular basis to update the books that have become incomplete or even obsolete. As such, this book focuses on fullerenes and metallofullerenes and also on the related areas of nanotubes and graphenes. All the covered research topics provide important fundamental knowledge for the natural sciences, but also for applications in molecular electronics, superconductivity, catalysis, photovoltaics and medical diagnostics. The current nanocarbon research activities have particularly high application potential in the conversion of solar energy, future molecular memories, non-conventional materials for optoelectronics, and new treatments for civilization diseases. Offering a truly up-to-date critical survey of nanocarbon science, its concepts and highlights, it follows the concept of a handbook: it addresses key topics systematically, from historical background, methodological aspects, current important issues, and application potential, all supplied with extensive referencing. With individual chapters written by leading experts with extensive research experience, it is a comprehensive reference resource for graduate students and active researchers alike.

Author : Roger Taylor
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1999-02-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781783262342

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Lecture Notes on Fullerene Chemistry by Roger Taylor Pdf

The fullerenes, hailed as one of the discoveries of the century, have created whole new fields of organic/organometallic chemistry and of physics. Together with the related nanotubes, they hold the promise of providing new materials with novel chemical and solid state properties. The cost of the basic fullerenes is now such that research into them is feasible for very many chemists. This book describes the fundamental aspects of fullerene chemistry. Following brief background on the discovery, basic fullerene nomenclature, and relevant properties (including those of endohedral fullerenes and nanotubes), there are chapters describing the rules governing the addition patterns, and each of the reaction types with representative examples. Leading references are given to key papers describing individual reactions and phenomena. Contents:The Structure and Properties of FullerenesAddition PatternsHydrogenationReduction by Electron Addition, and Reaction of Fullerene Radical Anions with ElectrophilesNucleophilic Addition, and Reaction of Fullerene Anions with ElectrophilesRadical ReactionsNucleophilic Substitution of Fullerenes: Fullerenes as ElectrophilesCycloadditionsOxidation and the Formation of Radical Cations and CationsInorganic and Organometallic Derivatives of FullerenesPolymers, Dendrimers, Dimers, Dumb-bells and Related StructuresHeterofullerenesThe Chemistry of Incar-fullerene (Endohedral Fullerenes) Readership: Undergraduates and researchers in chemistry. Keywords:Fullerenes;Chemistry;(Fullerene) Properties;(Fullerene) Nomenclature;(Fullerene) Reactions;(Fullerene) DiscoveryReviews:“… this is an affordable and readable introduction to experimental fullerene chemistry, with pictures, facts and open problems to whet the appetite of those wondering where these new molecules will lead. It can be recommended to specialists and a general audience alike.”Chemistry in Britain

Author : Prashant V. Kamat,D. M. Guldi,Karl M. Kadish
Publisher : The Electrochemical Society
Page : 856 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : 1566772346

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Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials by Prashant V. Kamat,D. M. Guldi,Karl M. Kadish Pdf

Author : Tibor Braun
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401594196

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Nuclear and Radiation Chemical Approaches to Fullerene Science by Tibor Braun Pdf

Preface by Sir Harold W. Kroto, FRS Although the discovery of C60 is now almost 15 years old and the extraction occurred 60 nearly ten years ago it is amazing that the range of spin-off research still seems to expand without limits. The birth of the Fullerenes has spawned fascinating research programmes in almost every area of chemistry and physics and this monograph explores a particularly interesting and important area - the behaviour of these pure carbon cages in the presence of high-energy radiation. The C molecules must also be in the space 60 between the stars (albeit in quantities too small to detect at this time) as the conditions in the atmospheres of some carbon stars appear to be almost identical to the plasmas generated in the Kratschmer-Huffman system for making C60. The conditions in space 60 are very varied as it is pervaded by a plethora of high-energy particles (photons, cosmic rays, etc.) and the chapters in this book discuss, among other things, the response of C60 and various derivatives to probing by a range of high-energy particles. Various fullerenes and fullerene salts have been examined by positron annihilation techniques, revealing details of their electronic and structural properties as well as phase transition behaviour. Muons have been implanted to enable mSR techniques to probe with high sensitivity the endohedral electronic structures of fullerenes including those in superconducting systems. Mossbauer spectroscopy can give valuable information about the interactions in certain types of organometallic complexes and in particular it can reveal the degree of charge transfer in endohedral species. Nuclear irradiation/radiochemical analytical techniques have been applied resulting in information ranging widely from the stability of the fullerene cage containing endohedral metal atoms in various oxidation states to pharmaceutical studies of the distribution of fullerenes in the internal organs of animals. Time resolved pulsed radio lysis provides information at high sensitivity enabling micromolar concentrations to be probed e.g. C60 in water in which it is almost insoluble! Redox and rate constant measurements have given useful information on photolytically generated radical ion pairs involving a variety of fullerenes. Interesting accounts of observations involving the production of rare gas endohedral species by nuclear recoil have revealed information about the recoil mechanism. From the first moment of its discovery the unique cage structure of C60 initiated thoughts about the interesting possibility of encapsulation of atoms and molecules. One possibility that immediately suggested itself was the isolation of chemically toxic radionuclides by encapsulation in the (supposedly chemically innocuous) cage for pharmaceutical purposes. The possibility of creating cages carrying a radioactive atom inside the cage and moieties outside with molecular recognition capabilities is a most exciting prospect and discussion is included of some important first steps aimed at achieving this fascinating breakthrough. Another problem dealt with in this monograph is the effect of elemental impurities which has, as our studies progress, become more and more a matter of concern and interest. Impurities can have important effects on the observed physical and chemical behaviour of fullerenes, especially when very sensitive probe techniques are applied. This valuable book reviews some detailed studies of fundamental properties of fullerenes, which are leading to a deeper understanding of their behaviour in the presence of high energy radiation. The information obtained already and that which will be garnered in future studies of the kind described here is an absolutely necessary prerequisite for success in applications.

Author : M. S. Dresselhaus,G. Dresselhaus,P. C. Eklund
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 985 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1996-03-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080540771

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Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes by M. S. Dresselhaus,G. Dresselhaus,P. C. Eklund Pdf

The discovery of fullerenes (also known as buckyballs) has generated tremendous excitement and opened up a new field of carbon chemistry. As the first book available on this topic, this volume will be a landmark reference in the field. Because buckyballs are essentially closed hollow cages made up of carbon atoms, they can be manipulated in a variety of ways to yield never-before-seen materials. The balls can, for instance, be doped with atoms or pulled out into tubules and filled with lead to provide properties of high-temperature superconductivity. Researchers can now create their own buckyballs in a process that is almost as simple as making soot, making this research as inexpensive as it is exotic (which has doubtless contributed to its popularity). Researchers anticipate that fullerenes will offer boundless opportunities in the development of new products, drugs and materials. Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes introduces materials scientists, chemists, and solid state physicists to the field of fullerenes, and discusses the unique properties and applications. both current and future, of all classes of fullerenes. Key Features * First comprehensive resource on fullerenes and their applications * Provides an introduction to the topic * Presents an extensive discussion of current and future applications of Fullerenes * Covers all classes of fullerenes

Author : Karl M. Kadish,Rodney S. Ruoff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 986 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2000-07-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0471290890

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Fullerenes by Karl M. Kadish,Rodney S. Ruoff Pdf

Fullerene, molekulare "Fu?balle" aus 60 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, sind eine Substanzklasse mit vielversprechenden Zukunftsaussichten, beispielsweise als Halbleiter, als Basis pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe oder Polymerwerkstoffe. Dieses Buch bietet Ihnen einen aktuellen Uberblick uber das dynamische Forschungsgebiet. Zur Sprache kommen modernste Themen wie Metallofullerene, Nanorohren und organisch funktionalisierte Fullerenverbindungen. (06/00)