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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency,International Atomic Energy Agency Staff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1998-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9201042981
Author : International Arctic Seas Assessment Project
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Environmental impact analysis
ISBN : UOM:39015043006025
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Radioactive pollution of the sea
ISBN : UVA:35007002581936
Author : E.M. Scott
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2003-05-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080536654
Just as an environmental model typically will be composed of a number of linked sub-models, representing physical, chemical or biological processes understood to varying degrees, this volume includes a series of linked chapters exemplifying the fundamental nature of environmental radioactivity models in all compartments of the environment. Why is a book on modelling environmental radioactivity necessary? There are many reasons why such a boook is necessary, perhaps the most important that: - modelling is an often misunderstood and maligned activity and this book can provide, to a broad audience, a greater understanding of modelling power but also some of the limitations. - modellers and experimentalists often do not understand and mistrust each other's work yet they are mutually dependent, in the sense that good experimental science can direct good modelling work and vice-versa; we hope that this book can dispel mistrust and engender improved understanding. - there is an increasing reliance on model results in environmental management, yet there is also often misuse and misrepresentation of these results. This book can help to bridge the gap between unrealistic expectations of model power and the realisation of what is possible, practicable and feasible in modelling of environmental radioactivity; and finally, - modelling tools, capacity and power have increased many-fold in a relatively short period of time. Much of this is due to the much-heralded computer revolution, but much is also due to better science. It is useful to consider what gap if any still remains between what is possible and what is necessary.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2004-09-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080496385
This book on Marine Radioactivity sets out to cover most of the aspects of marine radioactivity which have been the focus of scientific study in recent decades. The authors and their reviews divide into topic areas which have defined the field over its history. They cover the suite of natural radioisotopes which have been present in the oceans since their formation and quantitatively dominate the inventory of radioactivity in the oceans. Also addressed are the suite of artificial radionuclides introduced to the oceans as a consequence of the use of the atom for development of nuclear energy, nuclear weapons and various applications of nuclear science. The major source of these continues to derive from the global fallout of atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons in the 1950s and 1960s but also includes both planned and accidental releases of radioactivity from both civilian and military nuclear technology. The other division of the major study direction depends on whether the objective is to use the radionuclides as powerful tools to study oceanic processes, to describe and understand the ocean distribution of the various natural or artificial radionuclides or to assess the different radionuclides' impact on and pathways to man or marine organisms. The oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and thus contains a corresponding large share of the Earth's radioactivity. Marine Radioactivity covers topics of recent scientific study in this young field. It examines both natural radioactivity (radioactivity naturally present in oceans since their formation) and artificial radioactivity (radioactivity introduced by man and use of atomic and nuclear energy) with regard to possible effects on the global environment.
Author : Donald A. Pruefer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Nuclear submarines
ISBN : IND:30000112317452
After the Soviet Union's collapse, the newly independent nations that emerged from its wreckage were immediately confronted by a myriad of environmental problems, and continue to be plagued by them nearly a decade later. In a microcosm of the shortsighted planning, reckless development and lack of ecological concern that epitomized the Soviet era, 70 decommissioned nuclear submarines are currently moored in ports along the Kola Peninsula. Obsolete, damaged, or banned by strategic arms reductions treaties, they have been largely abandoned after being stripped of their offensive armament. Manned by skeleton crews, these toothless sharks hold within their poorly maintained hulls a total of nearly 30 times the amount of nuclear fuel that was in Chernobyl Reactor Number Four when it exploded in 1986. Reporters and ecologists (from Russia and elsewhere) have made a connection between that disaster and one they see unfolding in Russia's northwest, depicting the submarines as "floating Chernobyl" and "a Chernobyl in slow motion." This illustrates the irony of shifting perceptions in NATO countries about how these submarines threaten them. In their Cold War glory, these vessels were meticulously watched in the West. The threat they represented was defined in terms of the throw weights of the nuclear warheads they carried aboard. A decade after the Soviet implosion, these submarines are largely ignored. The threat they now pose is measured in metric tons of the spent fuel and radioactive waste carried within their decaying hulls.
Author : Jean-Claude Amiard
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-12-09
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781394186082
The marine environment, in addition to a not insignificant background of "natural" radioactivity, has continued to receive inputs of radionuclides directly or indirectly through atomic fallout, discharges from the nuclear industry or from nuclear accidents. After their introduction, the fate of these radionuclides is complex with modifications of physicochemical forms, dispersion in marine water masses and adsorption onto sedimentary particles. Marine organisms then bioaccumulate these radionuclides to a greater or lesser extent, dispersing them via their burrowing activities, horizontal and vertical migrations or through food webs. All of these phenomena lead to very variable radioactive contamination, depending on location and the nature of the marine environments concerned, and consequently, to very different doses of irradiation to marine organisms. The harmful effects of ionizing radiation on living marine organisms are felt at varying levels of biological organization from the molecule to the ecosystem, passing through the cell, the organ, the individual and the population. In the end, the radioactive risk for marine organisms can decline according to several situations, which can be normal, programmed or accidental.
Author : David D. Caron,Harry N. Scheiber
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004279988
The advent of the nuclear age in 1945 fundamentally altered the course of human events. The oceans are not the focus of the nuclear age, but the affairs of the oceans are deeply woven into the history of that age. Knowledge of what the nuclear age has meant for the oceans, however, is highly fragmented and there exists a surprising gap in research on the impact of the nuclear age on the oceans and on ocean law and policy. Ranging from dumped wastes to transportation to security, this study frames the complex multidimensional set of relationships between the oceans and the nuclear age and illuminates patterns of impact and response in ocean law. This timely expanded edition includes a new chapter by Lt. Todd Hutchins, USN, on "Nuclear Risks in Coastal Areas: Legal and Regulatory Responses." It provides a full discussion of the 2011 coastal Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant disaster, together with analysis more generally of the challenges to the environment and to the legal order globally that are posed by coastal siting of nuclear power plants.
Author : Richard Tykva,Dieter Berg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401704960
The goal of this book is to examine the complex state of radioactivity in the environment, and to understand the interplay of its two principal sources: man-made and natural. The text examines human contributions to release of radionuclides, with an eye to future reductions, and assesses natural occurrences in an evaluation of baseline radioactivity.
Author : Ineta Ziemele
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004433151
Celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Baltic Yearbook of International Law, this volume contains a selection of articles chosen by the editors to showcase the Yearbook’s important contribution to international legal scholarship and practice. It thus offers ground-breaking articles on diverse legal areas, including international humanitarian law, international human rights law, peaceful settlement of disputes, European Union law, and the history of international law. Naturally, issues relevant to the international legal status of the Baltic States and the consequences of their occupation by the Soviet Union are also explored, as well as to transitional justice and the collapse of communism. Finally, articles on new areas, such as bioethics and cyperspace, are also included, showing where the development of science prompts the need for legal regulation. This wide-ranging selection reflects the Yearbook’s aim to offer a unique forum among international legal periodicals - where the past meets the future.
Author : Jean-Claude Amiard
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119572503
The use of atomic energy for military purposes has given rise to a variety of nuclear accidents from the outset. This applies to all levels of use: from the manufacture of weapons to their commissioning. This book provides an overview of the potential impact of such accidents. The prospective consequences of local and global nuclear war are detailed. Similarly, for each accident, the environmental, ecological, health and socio-economic consequences are reviewed. The contamination of the environment and its fauna and flora is detailed and the effects of ionizing radiation are reported. The same is provided for human populations and the adverse effects on the health and physical and mental states of the populations concerned. The economic cost of accidents is also evaluated. The research presented in this book is based on scientifically recognized publications, and reports from the military forces of the various countries concerned and from the national and international organizations competent in this field (IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, IRSN, ICPR, etc.).
Author : Olaf M. Johannessen,Vladimir A. Volkov,Lasse H. Pettersson,Helge Drange,Yongqi Gao,Vladimir S. Maderich,Ivan A. Neelov,Sven P. Nielsen,Leonid P. Bobylev,Andrey V. Stepanov,Mark J. Zheleznyak,Victor Tishkov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540498568
This book describes a new tool called the Generic Model System for simulations and assessment of potential radioactive spreading in the Arctic regions. It considers the present and future potential for spreading of radionuclear pollution from sources such as from the major Russian processing plants as well as from European sources such as the UK Sellafield plant. The book combines the expertise of professionals from the radionuclear and climate-change sciences.
Author : J. Carroll,I. Lerche
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2003-09-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080540849
The advent of radionuclide methods in geochronology has revolutionized our understanding of modern sedimentary processes in aquatic systems. This book examines the principles of the method and its use as a quantitative tool in marine geology, with emphasis on the Pb-210 method. The assumptions and consequences of models and their behaviour are described providing the necessary background to assess the advantages and trade-offs involved when choosing a particular model for application. One of the purposes of this volume is to disentangle the influences of complicating factors, such as sediment flux variations, post-depositional diffusion of radionuclides, and bio-irrigation of sediments, to arrive at sediment ages and to properly assess the attendant data uncertainty. Environmental impacts of chemical, nuclear, or other waste material are of concern in a variety of areas around the world today. A number of relevant examples are included, demonstrating how dating models are useful for determining sources of contaminants and interpreting their influence on the environment. The book is set at a level so that an able student or professional should have no difficulty in following the procedures and methods developed. Each chapter includes case histories showing the strengths and weaknesses of a given procedure with respect to a data example. Included with this volume is the computer source code of a new generation of modelling tools based on inverse numerical analysis techniques. This first generation of the modelling tool is included, along with detailed instructions and examples for its use, in an appendix.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015060546556
There are various locations around the world that have been affected by radioactive residues, the result of past peaceful activities or result from military activities, including residues from the testing of nuclear weapons. Stimulated by concern about the state of the environment, movement away from military nuclear activities and improved opportunities for international cooperation, attention in many countries has turned to assessing and, where necessary, remediating areas affected by radioactive residues. Representatives of the Algerian Government requested the IAEA to carry out a study of the radiological situtation at the former French nuclear test sites in Algeria. The findings of this assessment are summarized in this report.
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015061028265
Summarises the results of a Coordinated Research Project carried out by the IAEA's Marine Environment Laboratory in Monaco. The results obtained confirm that the dominant source of anthropogenic radionuclides in the marine environment is global fallout.
