Rationality Through Reasoning

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Rationality Through Reasoning

John Broome
Rationality Through Reasoning Book PDF

Author : John Broome
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781405117104

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Rationality Through Reasoning by John Broome Pdf

Rationality Through Reasoning answers the question of how people are motivated to do what they believe they ought to do, built on a comprehensive account of normativity, rationality and reasoning that differs significantly from much existing philosophical thinking. Develops an original account of normativity, rationality and reasoning significantly different from the majority of existing philosophical thought Includes an account of theoretical and practical reasoning that explains how reasoning is something we ourselves do, rather than something that happens in us Gives an account of what reasons are and argues that the connection between rationality and reasons is much less close than many philosophers have thought Contains rigorous new accounts of oughts including owned oughts, agent-relative reasons, the logic of requirements, instrumental rationality, the role of normativity in reasoning, following a rule, the correctness of reasoning, the connections between intentions and beliefs, and much else. Offers a new answer to the ‘motivation question’ of how a normative belief motivates an action.

Rationality and Reasoning

Jonathon St. B.T. Evans,David E. Over
Rationality and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans,David E. Over
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135472313

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Rationality and Reasoning by Jonathon St. B.T. Evans,David E. Over Pdf

This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1 Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it. As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.

Normativity, Rationality and Reasoning

John Broome
Normativity Rationality and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : John Broome
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198824848

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Normativity, Rationality and Reasoning by John Broome Pdf

This volume is a selection of Broome's recent papers on normativity, rationality, and reasoning. It covers a variety of topics such as the meanings of 'ought', 'reason', and 'reasons'; the fundamental structure of normativity and the metaphysical priority of ought over reasons; the ownership - or agent-relativity - of oughts and reasons; the distinction between rationality and normativity; the notion of rational motivation; what characterizes the human activity of reasoning, and what is the role of normativity within it; the nature of preferences and of reasoning with preferences; and others. These papers extend the work presented in his book Rationality Through Reasoning but there is little overlap between their content and the book's. They develop further some themes and arguments from the book, and answer some questions that the book left unanswered.

Collective Rationality and Collective Reasoning

Christopher McMahon
Collective Rationality and Collective Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Christopher McMahon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2001-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521011787

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Collective Rationality and Collective Reasoning by Christopher McMahon Pdf

"This book examines the issue of rational cooperation, especially cooperation between people with conflicting moral commitments. The first part considers how the two main aspects of cooperation - the choice by a group of a particular cooperative scheme and the decision by each member to contribute to that scheme - can be understood as guided by reason. The second part explores how the activity of reasoning itself can take a cooperative form. The book is distinctive in offering an account of what people can accomplish by reasoning together, of the role of deliberation in democratic decision making, and of the negotiation of the proper use of concepts. Presenting for the first time a detailed analysis of the general problem of cooperation and collective reasoning between people with different moral commitments, this book will be of particular interest to philosophers of the social sciences and to students in political science, sociology and economics." --Cambridge Press.

The Handbook of Rationality

Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn
The Handbook of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 879 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262045070

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The Handbook of Rationality by Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn Pdf

The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.

Bayesian Rationality

Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater
Bayesian Rationality Book PDF

Author : Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2007-02-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198524496

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Bayesian Rationality by Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater Pdf

For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.

Reason and Rationality

Maria Cristina Amoretti,Nicla Vassallo
Reason and Rationality Book PDF

Author : Maria Cristina Amoretti,Nicla Vassallo
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110325867

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Reason and Rationality by Maria Cristina Amoretti,Nicla Vassallo Pdf

Reason and rationality represent crucial elements of the self-image of human beings and have unquestionably been among the most debated issues in Western philosophy, dating from ancient Greece, through the Middle Ages, and to the present day. Many words and thoughts have already been spent trying to define the nature and standards of reason and rationality, what they could or ought to be, and under what conditions something can be said to be rational. This volume focuses instead on the relationships of reason and rationality to some relevant specific topics, i.e., science, knowledge, gender, politics, ethics, religion, aesthetics, language, logic, and metaphysics, trying to uncover and clarify both the connections and differences in their various characterisations and uses.

Rationality Through Reasoning

John Broome
Rationality Through Reasoning Book PDF

Author : John Broome
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-08-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781118609118

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Rationality Through Reasoning by John Broome Pdf

Rationality Through Reasoning answers the question of how people are motivated to do what they believe they ought to do, built on a comprehensive account of normativity, rationality and reasoning that differs significantly from much existing philosophical thinking. Develops an original account of normativity, rationality and reasoning significantly different from the majority of existing philosophical thought Includes an account of theoretical and practical reasoning that explains how reasoning is something we ourselves do, rather than something that happens in us Gives an account of what reasons are and argues that the connection between rationality and reasons is much less close than many philosophers have thought Contains rigorous new accounts of oughts including owned oughts, agent-relative reasons, the logic of requirements, instrumental rationality, the role of normativity in reasoning, following a rule, the correctness of reasoning, the connections between intentions and beliefs, and much else. Offers a new answer to the ‘motivation question’ of how a normative belief motivates an action.

Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality

Erik Weber,Dietlinde Wouters,Joke Meheus
Logic Reasoning and Rationality Book PDF

Author : Erik Weber,Dietlinde Wouters,Joke Meheus
Publisher : Springer
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401790116

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Logic, Reasoning, and Rationality by Erik Weber,Dietlinde Wouters,Joke Meheus Pdf

This book contains a selection of the papers presented at the Logic, Reasoning and Rationality 2010 conference (LRR10) in Ghent. The conference aimed at stimulating the use of formal frameworks to explicate concrete cases of human reasoning, and conversely, to challenge scholars in formal studies by presenting them with interesting new cases of actual reasoning. According to the members of the Wiener Kreis, there was a strong connection between logic, reasoning, and rationality and that human reasoning is rational in so far as it is based on (classical) logic. Later, this belief came under attack and logic was deemed inadequate to explicate actual cases of human reasoning. Today, there is a growing interest in reconnecting logic, reasoning and rationality. A central motor for this change was the development of non-classical logics and non-classical formal frameworks. The book contains contributions in various non-classical formal frameworks, case studies that enhance our apprehension of concrete reasoning patterns, and studies of the philosophical implications for our understanding of the notions of rationality.

Reason and Nature

José Luis Bermúdez,Alan Millar (Ph. D.)
Reason and Nature Book PDF

Author : José Luis Bermúdez,Alan Millar (Ph. D.)
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0199256837

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Reason and Nature by José Luis Bermúdez,Alan Millar (Ph. D.) Pdf

In a series of essays nine philosophers and two psychologists address three main themes: the status of norms of rationality; the precise form taken by them; and the role of norms in belief and actions.

Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality

Renée Elio
Common Sense Reasoning Rationality Book PDF

Author : Renée Elio
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Common sense
ISBN : 9780195147667

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Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality by Renée Elio Pdf

While common sense and rationality have often been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume engages with this notion and comes up with novel and often paradoxical views of this relationship.

Weighing and Reasoning

Iwao Hirose,Andrew Reisner
Weighing and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Iwao Hirose,Andrew Reisner
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191507946

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Weighing and Reasoning by Iwao Hirose,Andrew Reisner Pdf

John Broome has made major contributions to, and radical innovations in, contemporary moral philosophy. His research combines the formal method of economics with philosophical analysis. Broome's works stretch over formal axiology, decision theory, philosophy of economics, population axiology, the value of life, the ethics of climate change, the nature of rationality, and practical and theoretical reasoning. Weighing and Reasoning brings together fifteen original essays from leading philosophers who have been influenced by the work and thought of John Broome. It aims to offer a comprehensive evaluation of Broome's wide-ranging and far-reaching philosophical works over the past thirty years. The volume comprises two parts. The first part is focused on Broome's work on the theory of value, as exemplified in his books Weighing Goods, Weighing Lives, Economics out of Economics, and Climate Matters. The second part is focused on his work on practical and theoretical reasoning, which culminated in his Rationality through Reasoning. This volume also includes a piece by Broome on his intellectual history to date.

The Value of Rationality

Ralph Wedgwood
The Value of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Ralph Wedgwood
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198802693

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The Value of Rationality by Ralph Wedgwood Pdf

Ralph Wedgwood gives a general account of what it is for states of mind and processes of thought to count as rational. Whether you are thinking rationally depends purely on what is going on in your mind, but rational thinking is a means to the goal of getting things right in your thinking, by believing the truth or making good choices.

Rationality

Nicholas Rescher
Rationality Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UOM:39015014212818

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Rationality by Nicholas Rescher Pdf

Contending that only a normative theory of rationality can be adequate to the complexities of the subject, this book explains and defends the view that rationality consists of the intelligent pursuit of appropriate objectives. Rescher considers the mechanics, rationale, and rewards of reason, and argues that social scientists who want to present a theory of rationality while avoiding the vexing complexities of normative deliberations must amend their perspective of the rational enterprise.

Reasoning of State

Brian C. Rathbun
Reasoning of State Book PDF

Author : Brian C. Rathbun
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108427425

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Reasoning of State by Brian C. Rathbun Pdf

Challenges the assumption of the rationality of foreign policy makers in international relations, showing how leaders systematically vary in the rationality of their thinking.