Rationalized Epistemology

Author : Albert A. Johnstone
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1991-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 079140787X

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Rationalized Epistemology by Albert A. Johnstone Pdf

This book examines skeptical problems originally raised by Descartes and Hume and currently discussed in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology. It answers the basic skeptical questions concerning the existence of what is now unperceived, the reality of what is perceived, and the existence of an external world. Johnstone shows how the recently proposed solutions to these skeptical problems-- pragmatic, coherentist, linguistic, and new-Kantian -- do not and cannot work, and how only a return to foundational investigation on the terrain of the radical skeptic is adequate to the task. His analyses make for a valuable summary of every significant argument brought against skepticism. In the course of his investigation, Johnstone probes a number of topical issues: knowledge, rationality, the nature of meaning, nonverbal thinking, the bodily nature of the thinking self, parasitism, the role of the tactile-kinesthetic body in feeling and belief, and the necessary role of free will in epistemology.

Author : Robert Audi
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190221836

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Rational Belief by Robert Audi Pdf

Belief : its structure, content, and relation to the will -- Dispositional beliefs and dispositions to believe -- Doxastic voluntarism and the ethics of belief -- Belief : a study in form, content, and justification -- Normativity and virtue in epistemology -- Moral perception and moral knowledge -- Reliability as a virtue -- Knowledge, justification, and the normativity of epistemology -- Epistemological internalism and grounds of justification and knowledge -- An internalist theory of normative grounds -- Theoretical rationality : its sources, structure, and scope -- Doxastic innocence : phenomenal conservatism and epistemological common sense -- Skepticism about the a priori : self-evidence, defeasibility, and cogito propositions -- Social epistemology -- The place of testimony in the fabric of knowledge and justification -- Testimony as a social foundation of knowledge -- The ethics of belief and the morality of disagreement : intellectual responsibility and rational disagreement.

Author : Matthias Steup,Blake Roeber,John Turri,Ernest Sosa
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2024-04-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781119755449

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Contemporary Debates in Epistemology by Matthias Steup,Blake Roeber,John Turri,Ernest Sosa Pdf

The perfect introduction to contemporary epistemology, completely overhauled for its third edition In Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, pairs of specially commissioned essays defend opposing views on some of today’s most compelling epistemological issues and problems. Offering a unique blend of accessibility and originality, this timely volume brings together fresh debates on hotly contested issues to provide readers with the opportunity to engage in comparative analysis of constantly changing and developing epistemological concepts. Now in its third edition, Contemporary Debates in Epistemology features up-to-date coverage of the latest developments in the field. Entirely new essays examine questions of epistemic normativity and knowledge, the relationship between belief and credence, the possibility of internalist epistemology, epistemic instrumentalism, norms of assertion, the use of thought experiments in epistemology, and more. Presents a rigorous yet accessible introduction to the major topics in contemporary epistemology Contains head-to-head chapters offering forceful advocacy of opposing philosophical stances Focuses on core areas of epistemology Uses a lively debate format that sharply defines the issues and encourages further discussion All-new chapters provide fully updated coverage of new and emerging topics in epistemology Part of the Wiley-Blackwell Contemporary Debates in Philosophy series, Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Third Edition, remains an essential resource for advanced undergraduate philosophy majors, graduate students in philosophy, and epistemologists who want to keep current with contemporary epistemological debates.

Author : David S. Clarke
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0847676005

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Rational Acceptance and Purpose by David S. Clarke Pdf

Author : Jack Nelson
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0271047097

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Feminist Interpretations of W. V. Quine by Jack Nelson Pdf

As one of the preeminent philosophers of the twentieth century, W. V. Quine (1908&–2000) made groundbreaking contributions to the philosophy of science, mathematical logic, and the philosophy of language. This collection of essays examines Quine's views, particularly his holism and naturalism, for their value (and their limitations) to feminist theorizing today. Some contributors to this volume see Quine as severely challenging basic tenets of the logico-empiricist tradition in the philosophy of science&—the analytic/synthetic distinction, verificationism, foundationalism&—and accept various of his positions as potential resources for feminist critique. Other contributors regard Quine as an unrepentant empiricist and, unlike feminists who seek to use or extend his arguments, they interpret his positions as far less radical and more problematic. In particular, critics and advocates of Quine's arguments that the philosophy of science should be &"naturalized&"&—understood and pursued as an enterprise continuous with the sciences proper&—disagree deeply about whether such a naturalized philosophy is &"philosophy enough.&" Central issues at stake in these disagreements reflect current questions of special interest to feminists and also bridge the analytic and postmodern traditions. They include questions about whether and how the philosophy of science, as a form of practice, is or can be normative as well as questions concerning the implications of Quine's philosophy of language for the transparency and stability of meaning. In representing feminist philosophy centrally engaged with the analytic tradition, this volume is important not only for what it contributes to the understanding of Quine and naturalized epistemology but also for what it accomplishes in working against restrictive conceptions of the place of feminism within the discipline. Aside from the editors, the contributors are Kathryn Pyne Addelson, Louise M. Antony, Richmond Campbell, Lorraine Code, Jane Duran, Maureen Linker, Phyllis Rooney, and Paul A. Roth.

Author : Richard Foley
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Knowledge, Theory of
ISBN : 9780195076998

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Working Without a Net by Richard Foley Pdf

In this book, Richard Foley defends an epistemology that takes seriously the perspectives of individual thinkers. He argues that having rational opinions is a matter of meeting our own internal standards rather than standards that are somehow imposed upon us from the outside. It is a matter of making ourselves invulnerable to intellectual self-criticism. Foley also shows how the theory of rational belief is part of a general theory of rationality. He thus avoids treating the rationality of belief as a fundamentally different kind of phenomenon from the rationality of decision or action. His approach generates promising suggestions about a wide range of issues, e.g., the distinction between epistemic and non-epistemic reasons for belief; the question of what aspects of the Cartesian project are still worth doing; the significance of simplicity and other theoretical virtues; the relevance of skeptical hypotheses; the difference between a theory of rational belief and a theory of knowledge; the difference between a theory of rational belief and a theory of rational degrees of belief; and the limits of idealization in epistemology. The book runs counter to a tendency in contemporary epistemology to discount the perspectives of individual thinkers. Endorsing a radically subjective conception of rational belief, Working Without A Net will interest students of philosophy, epistemology, and rationality.

Author : Scott Sturgeon
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192584656

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The Rational Mind by Scott Sturgeon Pdf

Scott Sturgeon presents an original account of mental states and their dynamics. He develops a detailed story of coarse- and fine-grained mental states, a novel perspective on how they fit together, an engaging theory of the rational transitions between them, and a fresh view of how formal methods can advance our understanding in this area. In doing so, he addresses a deep four-way divide in literature on epistemic rationality. Formal epistemology is done in specialized languages—often seeming a lot more like mathematics than Plato—and so can alienate philosophers who are drawn to more traditional work on thought experiments in epistemic rationality. Conversely, informal epistemology appears to be a lot more like Plato than mathematics and, as such, it tends to deter philosophers drawn to formal models of the phenomena. Similarly, the epistemology of coarse-grained states boils down everything to a discussion of rational belief—making the area appear a lot more like foundations of knowledge than anything useful for the theory rational decision, such as decision-making under uncertainty. The Rational Mind unifies work in all of these areas for the first time.

Author : Andrea Kern
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674974005

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Sources of Knowledge by Andrea Kern Pdf

How can human beings, who are liable to error, possess knowledge, since the grounds on which we believe do not rule out that we are wrong? Andrea Kern argues that we can disarm this skeptical doubt by conceiving knowledge as an act of a rational capacity. In this book, she develops a metaphysics of the mind as existing through knowledge of itself.

Author : A. Coliva
Publisher : Springer
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137501899

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Extended Rationality by A. Coliva Pdf

Extended Rationality provides a novel account of the structure of epistemic justification. Its central claim builds upon Wittgenstein's idea that epistemic justifications hinge on some basic assumptions and that epistemic rationality extends to these very hinges. It exploits these ideas to address problems such as scepticism and relativism.

Author : Julia Staffel
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-05
Category : Rationalism
ISBN : 9780198833710

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Unsettled Thoughts by Julia Staffel Pdf

How should thinkers cope with uncertainty? What makes their degrees of belief rational, and how should they reason about uncertain matters? In epistemology, recent research has attempted to answer these questions by developing formal models of ideally rational credences. However, we know from psychological research that perfect rationality is unattainable for human thinkers--and so this raises the question of how rational ideals can apply to human thinkers. A popular reply is that the more a thinker's imperfectly rational credences approximate compliance with norms of ideal rationality, the better. But what exactly does this mean? Why is it better to be less irrational, if we can't ever be completely rational? And what does being closer to ideally rational amount to? If ideal models of rationality are supposed to help us understand the rationality of human, imperfect thinkers, we need answers to these questions. Unsettled Thoughts breaks new ground in the study of rationality in providing these answers: we can explain why it's better to be less irrational, because less irrational degrees of belief are generally more accurate and better at guiding our actions. Moreover, the way in which approximating ideal rationality is beneficial can be made formally precise by using a variety of distance measures that track the benefits of being more rational.

Author : Susanna Siegel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198797081

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The Rationality of Perception by Susanna Siegel Pdf

There is an important division in the human mind between perception and reasoning. We reason from information that we have already, but perception is a means of taking in new information. Susanna Siegel argues that these two aspects of the mind become deeply intertwined when beliefs, fears, desires, or prejudice influence what we perceive.

Author : Robert W. Hefner,Muhammad Qasim Zaman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-16
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781400837458

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Schooling Islam by Robert W. Hefner,Muhammad Qasim Zaman Pdf

Since the Taliban seized Kabul in 1996, the public has grappled with the relationship between Islamic education and radical Islam. Media reports tend to paint madrasas--religious schools dedicated to Islamic learning--as medieval institutions opposed to all that is Western and as breeding grounds for terrorists. Others have claimed that without reforms, Islam and the West are doomed to a clash of civilizations. Robert Hefner and Muhammad Qasim Zaman bring together eleven internationally renowned scholars to examine the varieties of modern Muslim education and their implications for national and global politics. The contributors provide new insights into Muslim culture and politics in countries as different as Morocco, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. They demonstrate that Islamic education is neither timelessly traditional nor medieval, but rather complex, evolving, and diverse in its institutions and practices. They reveal that a struggle for hearts and minds in Muslim lands started long before the Western media discovered madrasas, and that Islamic schools remain on its front line. Schooling Islam is the most comprehensive work available in any language on madrasas and Islamic education.

Author : Chrisoula Andreou,Sergio Tenenbaum
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-04-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781315444703

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Belief, Action and Rationality over Time by Chrisoula Andreou,Sergio Tenenbaum Pdf

Action theorists and formal epistemologists often pursue parallel inquiries regarding rationality, with the former focused on practical rationality, and the latter focused on theoretical rationality. In both fields, there is currently a strong interest in exploring rationality in relation to time. This exploration raises questions about the rationality of certain patterns over time. For example, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of intention; similarly, it raises questions about the rational permissibility of certain patterns of belief. While the action-theoretic and epistemic questions raised are closely related, advances in one field are not always processed by the other. This volume brings together contributions by scholars in action theory and formal epistemology working on questions regarding rationality and time so that researchers in these overlapping fields can profit from each other’s insights. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy.

Author : Richard Foley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015012940683

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The Theory of Epistemic Rationality by Richard Foley Pdf

The author gives a novel and provocative account of the nature of epistemic rationality.

Author : Miloud Belkoniene
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-03-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000884036

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Rational Understanding by Miloud Belkoniene Pdf

This book develops a novel account of the connections between justification, understanding and knowledge. It lays the foundation for a more systematic and interconnected treatment of these central notions in epistemology. The author’s key move is to show first that a specific conception of doxastic justification constitutes our best point of entry into questions pertaining to a subject’s ability to secure understanding of reality. Second, that the traditional order of analysis when it comes to the connection between understanding and knowledge should be reversed: knowledge itself is best conceived of in terms of a specific type of understanding. Rational Understanding will appeal to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology and philosophy of science.