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Real-time Systems' Quality of Service by Roman Gumzej Pdf
"Real-time Systems’ Quality of Service" examines the attainability of efficiency, economy, and ease of use, which make up the quality of service of technologically advanced products. "Real-time Systems’ Quality of Service" reviews the state of the art in quality of service evaluation for real-time systems. It gives a classification of the relevant parameters for quality of service evaluation and also determines the critical points in the design and development process of real-time systems – where performance criteria should be applied or checked. Then, software development and certification standards are assessed, and finally the authors elaborate on how the suggested criteria should be applied to the design, development, and certification process of real-time systems. "Real-time Systems’ Quality of Service" will guide researchers and postgraduates in embedded and real-time systems through the process of introducing quality of service parameters into real-time systems.
Soft Real-Time Systems: Predictability vs. Efficiency by Giorgio C Buttazzo,Giuseppe Lipari,Luca Abeni,Marco Caccamo Pdf
Hard real-time systems are very predictable, but not sufficiently flexible to adapt to dynamic situations. They are built under pessimistic assumptions to cope with worst-case scenarios, so they often waste resources. Soft real-time systems are built to reduce resource consumption, tolerate overloads and adapt to system changes. They are also more suited to novel applications of real-time technology, such as multimedia systems, monitoring apparatuses, telecommunication networks, mobile robotics, virtual reality, and interactive computer games. This unique monograph provides concrete methods for building flexible, predictable soft real-time systems, in order to optimize resources and reduce costs. It is an invaluable reference for developers, as well as researchers and students in Computer Science.
Quality-of-Service Aware Design and Management of Embedded Mixed-Criticality Systems by Behnaz Ranjbar,Alireza Ejlali,Akash Kumar Pdf
This book addresses the challenges associated with efficient Mixed-Criticality (MC) system design. We focus on application analysis through execution time analysis and task scheduling analysis in order to execute more low-criticality tasks in the system, i.e., improving the Quality-of-Service (QoS), while guaranteeing the correct execution of high-criticality tasks. Further, this book addresses the challenge of enhancing QoS using parallelism in multi-processor hardware platforms.
Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Networks by Novella Bartolini,Sotiris Nikoletseas,Prasun Sinha,Valeria Cardellini,Anirban Mahanti Pdf
This volume presents the proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness and of the Third International ICST Workshop on Advanced Architectures and Algorithms for Internet DElivery and Applications. Both events were held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in November 2009. To each of these events is devoted a specific part of the volume. The first part is dedicated to the proceedings of ICST QShine 2009. The first four chapters deal with new issues concerning the quality of service in IP-based telephony and multimedia. A second set of four chapters addresses some important research problems in mul- hop wireless networks, with a special emphasis on the problems of routing. The following three papers deal with recent advances in the field of data mana- ment and area coverage in sensor networks, while a fourth set of chapters deals with mobility and context-aware services. The fifth set of chapters contains new works in the area of Internet delivery and switching systems. The following chapters of the QShine part of the volume are devoted to papers in the areas of resource management in wireless networks, overlay, P2P and SOA arc- tectures. Some works also deal with the optimization of quality of service and energy consumption in WLAN and sensor networks and on the design of a mobility support in mesh networks.
Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems by John A. Stankovic,Marco Spuri,Krithi Ramamritham,Giorgio C Buttazzo Pdf
Many real-time systems rely on static scheduling algorithms. This includes cyclic scheduling, rate monotonic scheduling and fixed schedules created by off-line scheduling techniques such as dynamic programming, heuristic search, and simulated annealing. However, for many real-time systems, static scheduling algorithms are quite restrictive and inflexible. For example, highly automated agile manufacturing, command, control and communications, and distributed real-time multimedia applications all operate over long lifetimes and in highly non-deterministic environments. Dynamic real-time scheduling algorithms are more appropriate for these systems and are used in such systems. Many of these algorithms are based on earliest deadline first (EDF) policies. There exists a wealth of literature on EDF-based scheduling with many extensions to deal with sophisticated issues such as precedence constraints, resource requirements, system overload, multi-processors, and distributed systems. Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: EDF and Related Algorithms aims at collecting a significant body of knowledge on EDF scheduling for real-time systems, but it does not try to be all-inclusive (the literature is too extensive). The book primarily presents the algorithms and associated analysis, but guidelines, rules, and implementation considerations are also discussed, especially for the more complicated situations where mathematical analysis is difficult. In general, it is very difficult to codify and taxonomize scheduling knowledge because there are many performance metrics, task characteristics, and system configurations. Also, adding to the complexity is the fact that a variety of algorithms have been designed for different combinations of these considerations. In spite of the recent advances there are still gaps in the solution space and there is a need to integrate the available solutions. For example, a list of issues to consider includes: preemptive versus non-preemptive tasks, uni-processors versus multi-processors, using EDF at dispatch time versus EDF-based planning, precedence constraints among tasks, resource constraints, periodic versus aperiodic versus sporadic tasks, scheduling during overload, fault tolerance requirements, and providing guarantees and levels of guarantees (meeting quality of service requirements). Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: EDF and Related Algorithms should be of interest to researchers, real-time system designers, and instructors and students, either as a focussed course on deadline-based scheduling for real-time systems, or, more likely, as part of a more general course on real-time computing. The book serves as an invaluable reference in this fast-moving field.
Networks on Chip by Axel Jantsch,Hannu Tenhunen Pdf
As the number of processor cores and IP blocks integrated on a single chip is steadily growing, a systematic approach to design the communication infrastructure becomes necessary. Different variants of packed switched on-chip networks have been proposed by several groups during the past two years. This book summarizes the state of the art of these efforts and discusses the major issues from the physical integration to architecture to operating systems and application interfaces. It also provides a guideline and vision about the direction this field is moving to. Moreover, the book outlines the consequences of adopting design platforms based on packet switched network. The consequences may in fact be far reaching because many of the topics of distributed systems, distributed real-time systems, fault tolerant systems, parallel computer architecture, parallel programming as well as traditional system-on-chip issues will appear relevant but within the constraints of a single chip VLSI implementation.
Quality of Service in Wireless Networks Over Unlicensed Spectrum by Klara Nahrstedt Pdf
This Synthesis Lecture presents a discussion of Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless networks over unlicensed spectrum. The topic is presented from the point of view of protocols for wireless networks (e.g., 802.11) rather than the physical layer point of view usually discussed for cellular networks in the licensed wireless spectrum. A large number of mobile multimedia wireless applications are being deployed over WiFi (IEEE 802.11) and Bluetooth wireless networks and the number will increase in the future as more phones, tablets, and laptops are equipped with these unlicensed spectrum wireless interfaces. Achieving QoS objectives in wireless networks is challenging due to limited wireless resources, wireless nodes interference, wireless shared media, node mobility, and diverse topologies. The author presents the QoS problem as (1) an optimization problem with different constraints coming from the interference, mobility, and wireless resource constraints and (2) an algorithmic problem with fundamental algorithmic functions within wireless resource management and protocols. Table of Contents: Preface / Basics of Quality of Service in Wireless Networks / QoS-Aware Resource Allocation / Bandwidth Management / Delay Management / Routing / Acknowledgment / References / Author Biography
The presence and use of real-time systems is becoming increasingly common. Examples of such systems range from nuclear reactors, to automotive controllers, and also entertainment software such as games and graphics animation. The growing importance of rea.
Quality of Service - IWQoS 2001 by Lars Wolf,David Hutchison Pdf
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Quality of Service, IWQoS 2001, held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in June 2001. The 24 revised full papers presented together with six short papers and two abstracts of invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of close to 150 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on provisioning and pricing, systems QoS, routing, TCP related issues, wireless and mobile networking, aggregation and active networks based QoS, scheduling and dropping, and scheduling and admission control.
Real Time UML Workshop for Embedded Systems by Bruce Powel Douglass Pdf
This practical new book provides much-needed, practical, hands-on experience capturing analysis and design in UML. It holds the hands of engineers making the difficult leap from developing in C to the higher-level and more robust Unified Modeling Language, thereby supporting professional development for engineers looking to broaden their skill-sets in order to become more saleable in the job market. It provides a laboratory environment through a series of progressively more complex exercises that act as building blocks, illustrating the various aspects of UML and its application to real-time and embedded systems. With its focus on gaining proficiency, it goes a significant step beyond basic UML overviews, providing both comprehensive methodology and the best level of supporting exercises available on the market. Each exercise has a matching solution which is thoroughly explained step-by-step in the back of the book. The techniques used to solve these problems come from the author’s decades of experience designing and constructing real-time systems. After the exercises have been successfully completed, the book will act as a desk reference for engineers, reminding them of how many of the problems they face in their designs can be solved. Tutorial style text with keen focus on in-depth presentation and solution of real-world example problems Highly popular, respected and experienced author
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems by Giorgio C Buttazzo Pdf
This updated edition offers an indispensable exposition on real-time computing, with particular emphasis on predictable scheduling algorithms. It introduces the fundamental concepts of real-time computing, demonstrates the most significant results in the field, and provides the essential methodologies for designing predictable computing systems used to support time-critical control applications. Along with an in-depth guide to the available approaches for the implementation and analysis of real-time applications, this revised edition contains a close examination of recent developments in real-time systems, including limited preemptive scheduling, resource reservation techniques, overload handling algorithms, and adaptive scheduling techniques. This volume serves as a fundamental advanced-level textbook. Each chapter provides basic concepts, which are followed by algorithms, illustrated with concrete examples, figures and tables. Exercises and solutions are provided to enhance self-study, making this an excellent reference for those interested in real-time computing for designing and/or developing predictable control applications.
Real-Time Embedded Components and Systems with Linux and RTOS by Sam Siewert,John Pratt Pdf
This book is intended to provide a senior undergraduate or graduate student in electrical engineering or computer science with a balance of fundamental theory, review of industry practice, and hands-on experience to prepare for a career in the real-time embedded system industries. It is also intended to provide the practicing engineer with the necessary background to apply real-time theory to the design of embedded components and systems. Typical industries include aerospace, medical diagnostic and therapeutic systems, telecommunications, automotive, robotics, industrial process control, media systems, computer gaming, and electronic entertainment, as well as multimedia applications for general-purpose computing. This updated edition adds three new chapters focused on key technology advancements in embedded systems and with wider coverage of real-time architectures. The overall focus remains the RTOS (Real-Time Operating System), but use of Linux for soft real-time, hybrid FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) architectures and advancements in multi-core system-on-chip (SoC), as well as software strategies for asymmetric and symmetric multiprocessing (AMP and SMP) relevant to real-time embedded systems, have been added. Companion files are provided with numerous project videos, resources, applications, and figures from the book. Instructors’ resources are available upon adoption. FEATURES: • Provides a comprehensive, up to date, and accessible presentation of embedded systems without sacrificing theoretical foundations • Features the RTOS (Real-Time Operating System), but use of Linux for soft real-time, hybrid FPGA architectures and advancements in multi-core system-on-chip is included • Discusses an overview of RTOS advancements, including AMP and SMP configurations, with a discussion of future directions for RTOS use in multi-core architectures, such as SoC • Detailed applications coverage including robotics, computer vision, and continuous media • Includes a companion disc (4GB) with numerous videos, resources, projects, examples, and figures from the book • Provides several instructors’ resources, including lecture notes, Microsoft PP slides, etc.
Quantitative Modeling and Analysis of Service-oriented Real-time Systems Using Interval Probabilistic Timed Automata by Krause, Christian,Giese, Holger Pdf
One of the key challenges in service-oriented systems engineering is the prediction and assurance of non-functional properties, such as the reliability and the availability of composite interorganizational services. Such systems are often characterized by a variety of inherent uncertainties, which must be addressed in the modeling and the analysis approach. The different relevant types of uncertainties can be categorized into (1) epistemic uncertainties due to incomplete knowledge and (2) randomization as explicitly used in protocols or as a result of physical processes. In this report, we study a probabilistic timed model which allows us to quantitatively reason about nonfunctional properties for a restricted class of service-oriented real-time systems using formal methods. To properly motivate the choice for the used approach, we devise a requirements catalogue for the modeling and the analysis of probabilistic real-time systems with uncertainties and provide evidence that the uncertainties of type (1) and (2) in the targeted systems have a major impact on the used models and require distinguished analysis approaches. The formal model we use in this report are Interval Probabilistic Timed Automata (IPTA). Based on the outlined requirements, we give evidence that this model provides both enough expressiveness for a realistic and modular specifiation of the targeted class of systems, and suitable formal methods for analyzing properties, such as safety and reliability properties in a quantitative manner. As technical means for the quantitative analysis, we build on probabilistic model checking, specifically on probabilistic time-bounded reachability analysis and computation of expected reachability rewards and costs. To carry out the quantitative analysis using probabilistic model checking, we developed an extension of the Prism tool for modeling and analyzing IPTA. Our extension of Prism introduces a means for modeling probabilistic uncertainty in the form of probability intervals, as required for IPTA. For analyzing IPTA, our Prism extension moreover adds support for probabilistic reachability checking and computation of expected rewards and costs. We discuss the performance of our extended version of Prism and compare the interval-based IPTA approach to models with fixed probabilities.
This open access book explores the dataspace paradigm as a best-effort approach to data management within data ecosystems. It establishes the theoretical foundations and principles of real-time linked dataspaces as a data platform for intelligent systems. The book introduces a set of specialized best-effort techniques and models to enable loose administrative proximity and semantic integration for managing and processing events and streams. The book is divided into five major parts: Part I “Fundamentals and Concepts” details the motivation behind and core concepts of real-time linked dataspaces, and establishes the need to evolve data management techniques in order to meet the challenges of enabling data ecosystems for intelligent systems within smart environments. Further, it explains the fundamental concepts of dataspaces and the need for specialization in the processing of dynamic real-time data. Part II “Data Support Services” explores the design and evaluation of critical services, including catalog, entity management, query and search, data service discovery, and human-in-the-loop. In turn, Part III “Stream and Event Processing Services” addresses the design and evaluation of the specialized techniques created for real-time support services including complex event processing, event service composition, stream dissemination, stream matching, and approximate semantic matching. Part IV “Intelligent Systems and Applications” explores the use of real-time linked dataspaces within real-world smart environments. In closing, Part V “Future Directions” outlines future research challenges for dataspaces, data ecosystems, and intelligent systems. Readers will gain a detailed understanding of how the dataspace paradigm is now being used to enable data ecosystems for intelligent systems within smart environments. The book covers the fundamental theory, the creation of new techniques needed for support services, and lessons learned from real-world intelligent systems and applications focused on sustainability. Accordingly, it will benefit not only researchers and graduate students in the fields of data management, big data, and IoT, but also professionals who need to create advanced data management platforms for intelligent systems, smart environments, and data ecosystems.
Embedded Systems Design by Bruno Bouyssounouse,Joseph Sifakis Pdf
Embedded systems now include a very large proportion of the advanced products designed in the world, spanning transport (avionics, space, automotive, trains), electrical and electronic appliances (cameras, toys, televisions, home appliances, audio systems, and cellular phones), process control (energy production and distribution, factory automation and optimization), telecommunications (satellites, mobile phones and telecom networks), and security (e-commerce, smart cards), etc. The extensive and increasing use of embedded systems and their integration in everyday products marks a significant evolution in information science and technology. We expect that within a short timeframe embedded systems will be a part of nearly all equipment designed or manufactured in Europe, the USA, and Asia. There is now a strategic shift in emphasis for embedded systems designers: from simply achieving feasibility, to achieving optimality. Optimal design of embedded systems means targeting a given market segment at the lowest cost and delivery time possible. Optimality implies seamless integration with the physical and electronic environment while respecting real-world constraints such as hard deadlines, reliability, availability, robustness, power consumption, and cost. In our view, optimality can only be achieved through the emergence of embedded systems as a discipline in its own right.