Reason Bias And Inquiry

Author : Nathan Ballantyne,David A. Dunning
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780197636916

Get Book

Reason, Bias, and Inquiry by Nathan Ballantyne,David A. Dunning Pdf

Philosophers and psychologists routinely explore questions surrounding reasoning, inquiry, and bias, though typically in disciplinary isolation. What is the source of our intellectual errors? When can we trust information others tell us? This volume brings together researchers from across the two disciplines to present ideas and insights for addressing the challenges of knowing well in a complicated world in four parts: how to best describe the conceptual and empirical terrain of reason and bias; how reasoning and bias influence basic perception of the physical world; how to assess knowledge and expertise in ourselves and others; and how people approach reasoning and knowledge among and about groups. Together, the chapters show what philosophers and psychologists can do together when they shine light on the challenges of reaching the truth and avoiding errors. Reason, Bias, and Inquiry is a multidisciplinary meditation for readers who are awash in information but are uncertain how to manage it to make informed decisions.

Author : Nathan Ballantyne,David A. Dunning
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Discrimination
ISBN : 0197636934

Get Book

Reason, Bias, and Inquiry by Nathan Ballantyne,David A. Dunning Pdf

"Questions surrounding reasoning, inquiry, and bias are among the most enduring in human history. Ideas and theories about human reasoning and knowledge can be found in ancient philosophical writings, from Greece to China. Yet, to a great extent, these questions have never been more pressing-and unsettled-as they are today in our information-drenched contemporary society"--

Author : Nathan Ballantyne,David A. Dunning
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Discrimination
ISBN : 0197636926

Get Book

Reason, Bias, and Inquiry by Nathan Ballantyne,David A. Dunning Pdf

"Questions surrounding reasoning, inquiry, and bias are among the most enduring in human history. Ideas and theories about human reasoning and knowledge can be found in ancient philosophical writings, from Greece to China. Yet, to a great extent, these questions have never been more pressing-and unsettled-as they are today in our information-drenched contemporary society"--

Author : Sharon Bailin,Mark Battersby
Publisher : Hackett Publishing
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2016-02-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781624664793

Get Book

Reason in the Balance by Sharon Bailin,Mark Battersby Pdf

Unlike most texts in critical thinking, Reason in the Balance focuses broadly on the practice of critical inquiry, the process of carefully examining an issue in order to come to a reasoned judgment. Although analysis and critique of individual arguments have an important role to play, this text goes beyond that dimension to emphasize the various aspects that go into the practice of inquiry, including identifying issues and relevant contexts, understanding competing cases, and making a comparative judgment. Distinctive Features of the Text: Emphasis on applying critical thinking to complex issues with competing arguments Inclusion of chapters on inquiry in specific contexts Attention to the dialogical aspects of inquiry, including sample dialogues Emphasis on the spirit of inquiry The Second Edition Features: Updated examples and items of current interest New dialogues on vaccination, prostitution, and climate change New material on biases in reasoning, including emotional, psychological, social, and cognitive The Reason in the Balance Website includes: An Appendix on Logic Exercises Quizzes

Author : Nathan Ballantyne
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190847289

Get Book

Knowing Our Limits by Nathan Ballantyne Pdf

Changing our minds isn't easy. Even when we recognize our views are disputed by intelligent and informed people, we rarely doubt our rightness. Why is this so? How can we become more open-minded, putting ourselves in a better position to tolerate conflict, advance collective inquiry, and learn from differing perspectives in a complex world? Nathan Ballantyne defends the indispensable role of epistemology in tackling these issues. For early modern philosophers, the point of reflecting on inquiry was to understand how our beliefs are often distorted by prejudice and self-interest, and to improve the foundations of human knowledge. Ballantyne seeks to recover and modernize this classical tradition by vigorously defending an interdisciplinary approach to epistemology, blending philosophical theorizing with insights from the social and cognitive sciences. Many of us need tools to help us think more circumspectly about our controversial views. Ballantyne develops a method for distinguishing between our reasonable and unreasonable opinions, in light of evidence about bias, information overload, and rival experts. This method guides us to greater intellectual openness--in the spirit of skeptics from Socrates to Montaigne to Bertrand Russell--making us more inclined to admit that sometimes we don't have the right answers. With vibrant prose and fascinating examples from science and history, Ballantyne shows how epistemology can help us know our limits.

Author : Hana Samaržija,Quassim Cassam
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2023-04-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000861693

Get Book

The Epistemology of Democracy by Hana Samaržija,Quassim Cassam Pdf

This is the first edited scholarly collection devoted solely to the epistemology of democracy. Its fifteen chapters, published here for the first time and written by an international team of leading researchers, will interest scholars and advanced students working in democratic theory, the harrowing crisis of democracy, political philosophy, social epistemology, and political epistemology. The volume is structured into three parts, each offering five chapters. The first part, Democratic Pessimism, covers the crisis of democracy, the rise of authoritarianism, public epistemic vices, misinformation and disinformation, civic ignorance, and the lacking quantitative case for democratic decision-making. The second part, Democratic Optimism, discusses the role of hope and positive emotions in rebuilding democracy, proposes solutions to myside bias, and criticizes dominant epistocratic approaches to forming political administrations. The third and final part, Democratic Realism, assesses whether we genuinely require emotional empathy to understand the perspectives of our political adversaries, discusses the democratic tension between mutual respect for others and a quest for social justice, and evaluates manifold top-down and bottom-up approaches to policy making.

Author : Jonathan Matheson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000924312

Get Book

Why It's OK Not to Think for Yourself by Jonathan Matheson Pdf

We tend to applaud those who think for themselves: the ever-curious student, for example, or the grownup who does their own research. Even as we’re applauding, however, we ourselves often don’t think for ourselves. This book argues that’s completely OK. In fact, it’s often best just to take other folks’ word for it, allowing them to do the hard work of gathering and evaluating the relevant evidence. In making this argument, philosopher Jonathan Matheson shows how 'expert testimony' and 'the wisdom of crowds' are tested and provides convincing ideas that make it rational to believe something simply because other people believe it. Matheson then takes on philosophy’s best arguments against his thesis, including the idea that non-self-thinkers are free-riding on the work of others, Socrates’ claim that 'the unexamined life isn’t worth living,' and that outsourcing your intellectual labor makes you vulnerable to errors and manipulation. Matheson shows how these claims and others ultimately fail -- and that when it comes to thinking, we often need not be sheepish about being sheep. Key Features Discusses the idea of not thinking for yourself in the context of contemporary issues like climate change and vaccinations Engages in numerous contemporary debates in social epistemology Examines what can be valuable about thinking for yourself and argues that these are insufficient to require you to do so Outlines the key, practical takeaways from the argument in an epilogue

Author : Robert B Talisse,Paniel Reyes Cárdenas,Daniel Herbert
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000858181

Get Book

Pragmatic Reason by Robert B Talisse,Paniel Reyes Cárdenas,Daniel Herbert Pdf

Christopher Hookway has been influential in promoting engagement with pragmatist and naturalist perspectives from classical and contemporary American philosophy. This book reflects on Hookway’s work on the American philosophical tradition and its significance for contemporary discussions of the understanding of mind, meaning, knowledge, and value. Hookway’s original and extensive studies of Charles S. Peirce have made him among the most admired and frequently referenced of Peirce’s interpreters. His work on classical American pragmatism has explored the philosophies of William James, John Dewey, and Josiah Royce, and examined the influence of pragmatist ideas outside of the United States. Additionally, Hookway has participated in a number of celebrated exchanges with some of the most high-profile figures of twentieth- and twenty-first-century philosophy, including Karl-Otto Apel, Philip Pettit, Hilary Putnam, and W.V.O. Quine, through which his treatments of a large range of topics in epistemology and the philosophies of mind and language have been developed and promoted. The chapters in this book—which include contributions from several of Hookway’s former students and colleagues—include studies of Hookway’s engagement with the works of Peirce, James, and Dewey, his contributions to virtue epistemology, and his discussions of hope and pragmatist metaphysics. Pragmatic Reason will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working on American philosophy, the history of analytic philosophy, and epistemology.

Author : Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia,Patricia A. Alexander,James W. Pellegrino
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832501641

Get Book

Assessing Information Processing and Online Reasoning as a Prerequisite for Learning in Higher Education by Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia,Patricia A. Alexander,James W. Pellegrino Pdf

Author : Robert Mayhew
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2010-11-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226512020

Get Book

The Female in Aristotle's Biology by Robert Mayhew Pdf

While Aristotle's writings on biology are considered to be among his best, the comments he makes about females in these works are widely regarded as the nadir of his philosophical oeuvre. Among many claims, Aristotle is said to have declared that females contribute nothing substantial to generation; that they have fewer teeth than males; that they are less spirited than males; and that woman are analogous to eunuchs. In The Female in Aristotle's Biology, Robert Mayhew aims not to defend Aristotle's ideas about females but to defend Aristotle against the common charge that his writings on female species were motivated by ideological bias. Mayhew points out that the tools of modern science and scientific experimentation were not available to the Greeks during Aristotle's time and that, consequently, Aristotle had relied not only on empirical observations when writing about living organisms but also on a fair amount of speculation. Further, he argues that Aristotle's remarks about females in his biological writings did not tend to promote the inferior status of ancient Greek women. Written with passion and precision, The Female in Aristotle's Biology will be of enormous value to students of philosophy, the history of science, and classical literature.

Author : Great Britain. Commissioners appointed to inquire into the conduct of Caroline, Princess of Wales
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1813
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0018561551

Get Book

The Genuine Book. An Inquiry, Or Delicate Investigation Into the Conduct of Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales ... Reprinted from an Authentic Copy, Superintended Through the Press by the Right Hon. Spencer Perceval. (A Correct Narrative of the Parliamentary Proceedings, and Various Documents Explanatory of the Circumstances that Have Led to the Disclosure of the Delicate Investigation, Etc.) [With a Portrait.] by Great Britain. Commissioners appointed to inquire into the conduct of Caroline, Princess of Wales Pdf

Author : Marie Ann Eisenstein
Publisher : Baylor University Press
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781932792843

Get Book

Religion and the Politics of Tolerance by Marie Ann Eisenstein Pdf

Challenging a widespread belief that religious people are politically intolerant, Marie Ann Eisenstein offers compelling evidence to the contrary. In this surprising and significant book, she thoroughly re-examines previous studies and presents new research to support her argument that there is, in fact, a positive correlation between religious belief and practice and political tolerance in the United States. Eisenstein utilizes sophisticated new analytical tools to re-evaluate earlier data and offers persuasive new statistical evidence to support her claim that religiousness and political tolerance do, indeed, mix--and that religiosity is not the threat to liberal democracy that it is often made out to be.

Author : Adam Smith
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 762 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1863
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BSB:BSB10483237

Get Book

An Inquiry into the nature and causes of the Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith Pdf

Author : David Bordwell,Noel Carroll
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 588 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1996-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0299149447

Get Book

Post-Theory by David Bordwell,Noel Carroll Pdf

With Post-Theory, David Bordwell and Noël Carroll challenge the prevailing practices of film scholarship. Since the 1970s, film scholars have been searching for a unified theory that will explain all sorts of films, their production, and their reception; the field has been dominated by structuralist Marxism, varieties of cultural theory, and the psychoanalytic ideas of Freud and Lacan. Bordwell and Carroll ask, why not employ many theories tailored to specific goals, rather than searching for a unified theory? Post-Theory offers fresh directions for understanding film, presenting new essays by twenty-seven scholars on topics as diverse as film scores, audience response, and the national film industries of Russia, Scandinavia, the U.S., and Japan. They use historical, philosophical, psychological, and feminist methods to tackle such basic issues as: What goes on when viewers perceive a film? How do filmmakers exploit conventions? How do movies create illusions? How does a film arouse emotion? Bordwell and Carroll have given space not only to distinguished film scholars but to non-film specialists as well, ensuring a wide variety of opinions and ideas on virtually every topic on the current agenda of film studies. Full of stimulating essays published here for the first time, Post-Theory promises to redefine the study of cinema.

Author : T. Knepper
Publisher : Springer
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-08-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781137324412

Get Book

The Ends of Philosophy of Religion by T. Knepper Pdf

Knepper criticizes existing efforts in the philosophy of religion for being out of step with, and therefore useless to, the academic study of religion, then forwards a new program for philosophy of religion that is in step with, and therefore useful to, the academic study of religion.