Reasoning Necessity And Logic

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Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic

Willis F. Overton
Reasoning Necessity and Logic Book PDF

Author : Willis F. Overton
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134735211

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Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic by Willis F. Overton Pdf

A presentation of current work that systematically explores and articulates the nature, origin and development of reasoning, this volume's primary aim is to describe and examine contemporary theory and research findings on the topic of deductive reasoning. Many contributors believe concepts such as "structure," "competence," and "mental logic" are necessary features for a complete understanding of reasoning. As the book emanates from a Jean Piaget Symposium, his theory of intellectual development as the standard contemporary treatment of deductive reasoning is used as the context in which the contributors elaborate on their own perceptions.

Intelligence, Mind, and Reasoning

A. Demetriou,A. Efklides
Intelligence Mind and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : A. Demetriou,A. Efklides
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1994-03-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 008086760X

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Intelligence, Mind, and Reasoning by A. Demetriou,A. Efklides Pdf

This volume aims to contribute to the integration of three traditions that have remained separate in psychology. Specifically, the developmental, the psychometric, and the cognitive tradition. In order to achieve this aim, the text deals with these three aspects of human knowing that have been the focus of one or more of the three traditions for many years. Answers are provided to questions such as the following: What is common to intelligence, mind, and reasoning? What is specific to each of these three aspects of human knowing? How does each of them affect the functioning and development of the other? The chapters are organized into two parts. Part I focuses on intelligence and mind and has reasoning at the background. The papers in this part present new theories and methods that systematically attempt to bridge psychometric theories of intelligence with theories of cognitive development or information processing theories. Part II focuses on mind and reasoning and has intelligence at the background. The papers in this part develop models of reasoning and attempt to show how reasoning interacts with mind and intelligence. Two discussion chapters are also included. These highlight the convergences and the divergences of the various traditions as represented in the book.

Logical Reasoning

Bradley Harris Dowden
Logical Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Bradley Harris Dowden
Publisher : Bradley Dowden
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Critical thinking
ISBN : 0534176887

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Logical Reasoning by Bradley Harris Dowden Pdf

This book is designed to engage students' interest and promote their writing abilities while teaching them to think critically and creatively. Dowden takes an activist stance on critical thinking, asking students to create and revise arguments rather than simply recognizing and criticizing them. His book emphasizes inductive reasoning and the analysis of individual claims in the beginning, leaving deductive arguments for consideration later in the course.

The Development of Thinking and Reasoning

Pierre Barrouillet,Caroline Gauffroy
The Development of Thinking and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Pierre Barrouillet,Caroline Gauffroy
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-26
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135083953

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The Development of Thinking and Reasoning by Pierre Barrouillet,Caroline Gauffroy Pdf

Thinking and reasoning are key activities for human beings. In this book a distinguished set of contributors provides a wide readership with up-to-date scientific advances in the developmental psychology of thinking and reasoning, both at the theoretical and empirical levels. The first part of the book illustrates how modern approaches to the study of thinking and reasoning have gone beyond the Piagetian legacy: through the investigation of avenues previously not explored, and by demonstrating that young children have higher capacities than was assumed within the Piagetian tradition. The second part focuses upon theoretical and empirical investigations of the interplay between logic and intuition in reasoning and decision making, and how these forms of thinking evolve with age, through the general framework of what is known as dual-process theories. Contrary to Piaget’s claim, it becomes apparent that elaborate adult reasoning could rely on some form of intuition. The Development of Thinking and Reasoning provides psychologists, educators and everyone interested in child development with an integrated and up-to-date series of chapters, written by prominent specialists in the areas of thinking, reasoning, and decision making.

The Handbook of Life-Span Development, Volume 1

Richard M. Lerner,Willis F. Overton
The Handbook of Life Span Development Volume 1 Book PDF

Author : Richard M. Lerner,Willis F. Overton
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1624 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2010-12-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780470634356

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The Handbook of Life-Span Development, Volume 1 by Richard M. Lerner,Willis F. Overton Pdf

In the past fifty years, scholars of human development have been moving from studying change in humans within sharply defined periods, to seeing many more of these phenomenon as more profitably studied over time and in relation to other processes. The Handbook of Life-Span Development, Volume 1: Cognition, Biology, and Methods presents the study of human development conducted by the best scholars in the 21st century. Social workers, counselors and public health workers will receive coverage of of the biological and cognitive aspects of human change across the lifespan.

The Nature of Necessity

Alvin Plantinga
The Nature of Necessity Book PDF

Author : Alvin Plantinga
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1978-02-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191037177

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The Nature of Necessity by Alvin Plantinga Pdf

This is a reissue of a book which is an exploration and defence of the notion of modality 'de re', the idea that objects have both essential and accidental properties. It is one of the first full-length studies of the modalities to emerge from the debate to which Saul Kripke, David Lewis, Ruth Marcus and others have contributed. The argument is developed by means of the notion of possible worlds, and ranges over key problems including the nature of essence, trans-world identity, negative existential propositions, and the existence of unactual objects in other possible worlds. In the final chapters Professor Plantinga applies his logical theories to the clarification of two problems in the philosophy of religion - the Problem of Evil and the Ontological Argument.

Deductive Reasoning and Strategies

Walter Schaeken,Gino De Vooght,Andr‚ Vandierendonck,G‚ry d'Ydewalle,Gery d'Ydewalle
Deductive Reasoning and Strategies Book PDF

Author : Walter Schaeken,Gino De Vooght,Andr‚ Vandierendonck,G‚ry d'Ydewalle,Gery d'Ydewalle
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1999-11
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135669294

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Deductive Reasoning and Strategies by Walter Schaeken,Gino De Vooght,Andr‚ Vandierendonck,G‚ry d'Ydewalle,Gery d'Ydewalle Pdf

This bk, which offers one of the 1st systematic attempts to discuss the role of strategies for deductive reasoning & brings together theoretical & empirical research, will be of interest to researchers/advanced students of cognitive psych.

Conditional Reasoning

Raymond Nickerson
Conditional Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Raymond Nickerson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780190203016

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Conditional Reasoning by Raymond Nickerson Pdf

Conditional reasoning is reasoning that involves statements of the sort If A (Antecedent) then C (Consequent). This type of reasoning is ubiquitous; everyone engages in it. Indeed, the ability to do so may be considered a defining human characteristic. Without this ability, human cognition would be greatly impoverished. "What-if" thinking could not occur. There would be no retrospective efforts to understand history by imagining how it could have taken a different course. Decisions that take possible contingencies into account could not be made; there could be no attempts to influence the future by selecting actions on the basis of their expected effects. Despite the commonness and importance of conditional reasoning and the considerable attention it has received from scholars, it remains the subject of much continuing debate. Unsettled questions, both normative and empirical, continue to be asked. What constitutes normative conditional reasoning? How do people engage in it? Does what people do match what would be expected of a rational agent with the abilities and limitations of human beings? If not, how does it deviate and how might people's ability to engage in it be improved? This book reviews the work of prominent psychologists and philosophers on conditional reasoning. It describes empirical research on how people deal with conditional arguments and on how conditional statements are used and interpreted in everyday communication. It examines philosophical and theoretical treatments of the mental processes that support conditional reasoning. Its extensive coverage of the subject makes it an ideal resource for students, teachers, and researchers with a focus on cognition across disciplines.

Integrating the Mind

Maxwell J. Roberts
Integrating the Mind Book PDF

Author : Maxwell J. Roberts
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2008-03-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135420291

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Integrating the Mind by Maxwell J. Roberts Pdf

There are currently several debates taking place simultaneously in various fields of psychology which address the same fundamental issue: to what extent are the processes and resources that underlie higher cognition domain-general versus domain-specific? Extreme Domain Specificity argues that people are effective thinkers only in contexts which they have directly experienced, or in which evolution has equipped them with effective solutions. The role of general cognitive abilities is ignored, or denied altogether. This book evaluates the evidence and arguments put forward in support of domain specific cognition, at the expense of domain generality. The contributions reflect a range of expertise, and present research into logical reasoning, problem solving, judgement and decision making, cognitive development, and intelligence. The contributors suggest that domain general processes are essential, and that domain specific processes cannot function without them. Rather than continuing to divide the mind’s function into ever more specific units, this book argues that psychologists should look for greater integration and for people’s general cognitive skills to be viewed as an integral part of their lives. Integrating the Mind will be valuable reading for students and researchers in psychology interested in the fields of cognition, cognitive development, intelligence and skilled behaviour.

Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning

Stephen Newstead,Jonathan St.B.T. Evans
Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Stephen Newstead,Jonathan St.B.T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134834334

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Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning by Stephen Newstead,Jonathan St.B.T. Evans Pdf

This collection of essays focuses on three reasoning problems devised by Peter Wason - the selection task, the 2-4-6 task, and the THOG problem - which have had a considerable influence since their invention.; The reasons why people make so many errors in these seemingly simple tasks are still not fully understood. A variety of different theoretical perspectives have been used in trying to explain performance. These include the mental models approach, the pragmatic reasoning approach, and the mental logic approach. This book contains chapters which discuss all these theories. Other chapters review the literature or offer alternative theoretical perspectives. A final chapter by Peter Wason describes how he came to create the tasks discussed.

New Waves in China's Philosophical Studies

Ruiquan Gao,Guanjun Wu
New Waves in China s Philosophical Studies Book PDF

Author : Ruiquan Gao,Guanjun Wu
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789813235984

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New Waves in China's Philosophical Studies by Ruiquan Gao,Guanjun Wu Pdf

New Waves of China's Philosophical Studies collects important research findings of China's philosophical studies conducted by the academics at East China Normal University (ECNU) in recent years. The book covers topics including Confucian ethics and virtue ethics, true value semantics vs. commonsensible reasoning semantics, criticisms of dogmatism, consequentialism, among others. This book is the first volume of the WSPC-ECNU Series on China. This Series showcases the significant contributions to scholarship in social sciences and humanities studies about China. It is jointly launched by World Scientific Publishing, the most reputable English academic publisher in Asia, and ECNU, a top University in China with a long history of exchanges with the international academic community.

The Science of Reason

Ken Manktelow,David Over,Shira Elqayam
The Science of Reason Book PDF

Author : Ken Manktelow,David Over,Shira Elqayam
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 473 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136939099

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The Science of Reason by Ken Manktelow,David Over,Shira Elqayam Pdf

This volume is a state-of-the-art survey of the psychology of reasoning, based around, and in tribute to, one of the field’s most eminent figures: Jonathan St B.T. Evans. In this collection of cutting edge research, Evans’ collaborators and colleagues review a wide range of important and developing areas of inquiry. These include biases in thinking, probabilistic and causal reasoning, people’s use of ‘if’ sentences in arguments, the dual-process theory of thought, and the nature of human rationality. These foundational issues are examined from various angles and finally integrated in a concluding panoramic chapter written by Evans himself. The eighteen chapters, all written by leading international researchers, combine state-of the-art research with investigation into the most fundamental questions surrounding human mental life, such as: What is the architecture of the human mind? Are humans rational, and what is the nature of this rationality? How do we think hypothetically? The Science of Reason offers a unique combination of breadth, depth and integrative vision, making it an indispensable resource for researchers and students of human reason.

Logic With Added Reasoning

Michael Gabbay
Logic With Added Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Michael Gabbay
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2002-09-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1551114054

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Logic With Added Reasoning by Michael Gabbay Pdf

This concise text treats logic as a tool, “generated so that half the work involved in thinking is done for you by somebody else (the rules and laws of the logic).” Gabbay explains in a clear and careful manner how formal features of, and formal relations between, ordinary declarative sentences are captured by the systems of propositional and predicate logic.

The Nature of Reasoning

Jacqueline P. Leighton,Robert J. Sternberg
The Nature of Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Jacqueline P. Leighton,Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521009286

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The Nature of Reasoning by Jacqueline P. Leighton,Robert J. Sternberg Pdf

We are bombarded with information - press releases, television news, Internet websites, and office memos, just to name a few - on a daily basis. However, the important conclusions that may or need to be inferred from such information are typically not provided. We must draw the conclusions by ourselves. How do we draw these conclusions? This book addresses how we reason to reach sensible conclusions. The purpose of this book is to organize in one volume what is known about reasoning, such as its structural prerequisites, its mechanisms, its susceptibility to pragmatic influences, its pitfalls, and the bases for its development. Given that reasoning underlies so many of our intellectual activities - when we learn, criticize, analyze, judge, infer, evaluate, optimize, apply, discover, imagine, devise, and create - we stand to gain a great deal if we can learn to define, operate, apply, and nurture our reasoning.

Rationality and Logic

Robert Hanna
Rationality and Logic Book PDF

Author : Robert Hanna
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-01-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262263115

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Rationality and Logic by Robert Hanna Pdf

An argument that logic is intrinsically psychological and human psychology is intrinsically logical, and that the connection between human rationality and logic is both constitutive and mutual. In Rationality and Logic, Robert Hanna argues that logic is intrinsically psychological and that human psychology is intrinsically logical. He claims that logic is cognitively constructed by rational animals (including humans) and that rational animals are essentially logical animals. In order to do so, he defends the broadly Kantian thesis that all (and only) rational animals possess an innate cognitive "logic faculty." Hanna's claims challenge the conventional philosophical wisdom that sees logic as a fully formal or "topic-neutral" science irreconcilably separate from the species- or individual-specific focus of empirical psychology.Logic and psychology went their separate ways after attacks by Frege and Husserl on logical psychologism—the explanatory reduction of logic to empirical psychology. Hanna argues, however, that—despite the fact that logical psychologism is false—there is an essential link between logic and psychology. Rational human animals constitute the basic class of cognizers or thinkers studied by cognitive psychology; given the connection between rationality and logic that Hanna claims, it follows that the nature of logic is significantly revealed to us by cognitive psychology. Hanna's proposed "logical cognitivism" has two important consequences: the recognition by logically oriented philosophers that psychologists are their colleagues in the metadiscipline of cognitive science; and radical changes in cognitive science itself. Cognitive science, Hanna argues, is not at bottom a natural science; it is both an objective or truth-oriented science and a normative human science, as is logic itself.