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Author : John Coakley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Ireland
ISBN : 190454133X
The author considers the case for the reform of Irish political institutions in light of economic collapse, political turmoil and external intervention in the management of Ireland.
Author : Peter R. Kingstone
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0271043776
The success of political efforts to create a more open economy in Brazil over the past decade has depended crucially on support from the industrial sector, which long enjoyed the benefits of protection by the state from economic competition. Why businesses previously so sheltered would back neoliberal reform, and why opposition arose at times from sectors least threatened by free trade, are the puzzles this book seeks to answer. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews with industrialists and business association representatives, as well as a wide range of other sources, Peter Kingstone argues that the key to understanding the behavior of industrialists lies in the impact of four factors on their preferences for reform: the effect of economic crisis on industrialists' perception of the viability of the earlier development model; the sectoral location of their firms in the economy and the advantages historically accruing therefrom; the adjustment options available to them given their position in the market; and the credibility of the government's promises about reform and its tactical choices for getting them implemented through the political system. The mix of these four factors, Kingstone shows, left business preferences relatively malleable and thus available for support of reform, even in the face of potentially high costs. Whether such support was forthcoming depended on industrialists' perceptions of the ability of government leaders to deliver on their promises. Widespread resistance to reform occurred when leaders lost their credibility. Under Fernando Collor's leadership, that credibility was never recovered; under Fernando Henrique Cardoso's, it was recovered through increasing concessions to industrialists on the character of the reform program.
Author : Ian Holland,Jenny Fleming
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
ISBN : 1315194171
"This title was first published in 2003. This insightful work examines institutional formation and change as evidence of the major re-shaping of government internationally over the last two decades. It is based on a series of case studies of institutional reform and ranges across institutions in countries including the UK, China, Australia and the USA. Each case study considers questions concerning the establishment of institutions, such as: what have been the objectives of institutional changes? What are the principles and values on which new institutions are founded? In addition to looking at broad hypotheses regarding the state and new institutions, the book also draws together practical lessons regarding institutional reform. Thus the cases are analysed as a group to throw light on a number of issues: are there patterns discernible in the formation of new political institutions? What do the cases reveal about what works, and what does not work, in forming new institutions? What predictions can be made about the relationship between values and governance structures?"--Provided by publisher.
Author : Jenny Fleming
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1138719617
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Values, Institutions and the State -- PART I: REFORMING INSTITUTIONS -- 2 Great Ideas of Central Banking: Values, Ideas and the Transformation of Central Banking and Monetary Policy in Australia -- 3 Reforming China's Power Industry: An Institutional Explanation -- 4 Beliefs and Institutional Change: The UK National Health Service -- 5 Rural Policy in Australia: The Farm Family and the Farm Business -- PART II: NEW INSTITUTIONS -- 6 International Institutions and Food Safety Regulation: Values in Conflict -- 7 Political Values, Reflexivity and Environment Protection Institutions -- 8 Institutional Innovation in Natural Resource Management -- 9 The Everyday Politics of Value Conflict: External Independent Oversight Bodies in Australia -- 10 ATSIC: Autonomy or Accountability? -- PART III: SOCIETY-CENTRED INSTITUTIONS -- 11 Internet Content, Mandated Self-regulation and Institutionalizing Values -- 12 Regulating Relationships: Marriage and the State -- PART IV: CONCLUSIONS -- 13 Changing Institutions: Pluralism, Traditions and the Contradictions of Reform -- Bibliography -- Index
Author : Camille Bedock
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780198779582
This study provides a better empirical understanding of the world of democratic reforms in consolidated democracies, thanks to a new data-set covering six dimensions of reform in 18 European countries. Secondly, the book provides evidence about the link between the lack of political support and democratic reforms, and the role of electoral shifts in fostering reforms. Thirdly, this research shows that the final outcome of a given reform depends on the type of reform at stake and on the process used during the phase of discussion of the reform, through case studies in Ireland, France, and Italy.
Author : Nadine Ansorg,Sabine Kurtenbach
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134820078
This book deals with the question how institutional reform can contribute to peacebuilding in post-war and divided societies. In the context of armed conflict and widespread violence, two important questions shape political agendas inside and outside the affected societies: How can we stop the violence? And how can we prevent its recurrence? Comprehensive negotiated war terminations and peace accords recommend a set of mechanisms to bring an end to war and establish peace, including institutional reforms that promote democratization and state building. Although the role of institutions is widely recognized, their specific effects are highly contested in research as well as in practice. This book highlights the necessity to include path-dependency, pre-conflict institutions and societal divisions to understand the patterns of institutional change in post-war societies and the ongoing risk of civil war recurrence. It focuses on the general question of how institutional reform contributes to the establishment of peace in post-war societies. This book comprises three separate but interrelated parts on the relation between institutions and societal divisions, on institutional reform and on security sector reform. The chapters contribute to the understanding of the relationship between societal cleavages, pre-conflict institutions, path dependency, and institutional reform. This book will be of much interest to students of peacebuilding, conflict resolution, development studies, security studies and IR.
Author : Leslie Seidle,David C. Docherty
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2003-06-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780773570825
The authors address issues of representation - the move to a proportional electoral system in New Zealand, the unsuccessful attempt to establish a domestic head of state in Australia, and the reform of the British House of Lords - and demonstrate that citizens increasingly want legislative institutions to more closely reflect the societies they serve. To discuss responsiveness, the governance of indigenous communities and their place within the broader society in Canada and New Zealand are examined, as is the role of institutions other than legislatures that are involved in protecting minority rights and responding to various forms of diversity. A separate chapter analyses the basis for and merits of proposals to reform the Canadian House of Commons. In addition, authors review the dynamics of federalism, intergovernmental relations, and other processes of multi-level governance in Canada, the United Kingdom, and South Africa. Public debate about adapting governance processes to changing conditions and citizen values is a necessary condition of successful democracies and there is much to learn from progress and false starts in other parliamentary democracies. Contributors include Jonathan Boston (Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand), Paul Chartrand (consultant, Victoria, British Columbia), Stéphane Dion (minister of Intergovernmental Relations, Government of Canada), David Docherty, Mason Durie (Massey University), Robert Hazell (University College London), Christina Murray (University of Cape Town), Cheryl Saunders (University of Melbourne), Leslie Seidle, Jennifer Smith (Dalhousie University), and Lord Wakeham (former chairman of the Royal Commission on House of Lords Reform).
Author : Richard J. Ellis,Michael Nelson
Publisher : CQ Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781544390604
Getting students away from spouting opinions about highly-charged partisan issues, Debating Reform, Fourth Edition looks at key questions about reforming political institutions, with contributed pieces written by top scholars specifically for the volume. Each pro or con essay considers a concrete proposal for reforming the political system. By focusing on institutions, rather than liberal or conservative public policies, students tend to leave behind ideology and grapple with claims and evidence to draw their own conclusions and build their own arguments. Students will explore how institutions work in their American government text, but this reader helps them to understand how they can be made to work better.
Author : Peter Aucoin,Lori Beth Turnbull,Mark D. Jarvis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Constitutional law
ISBN : 1552394638
This timely book examines recent history and ongoing controversies as it makes the case for restoring power to where it belongs - with the people's elected representatives in Parliament.
Author : Eduardo Lora
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821365762
Latin America suffered a profound state crisis in the 1980s, which prompted not only the wave of macroeconomic and deregulation reforms known as the Washington Consensus, but also a wide variety of institutional or 'second generation' reforms. 'The State of State Reform in Latin America' reviews and assesses the outcomes of these less studied institutional reforms. This book examines four major areas of institutional reform: a. political institutions and the state organization; b. fiscal institutions, such as budget, tax and decentralization institutions; c. public institutions in charge of sectoral economic policies (financial, industrial, and infrastructure); and d. social sector institutions (pensions, social protection, and education). In each of these areas, the authors summarize the reform objectives, describe and measure their scope, assess the main outcomes, and identify the obstacles for implementation, especially those of an institutional nature.
Author : Thomas König,George Tsebelis,Marc Debus
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010-08-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781441958099
George Tsebelis’ veto players approach has become a prominent theory to analyze various research questions in political science. Studies that apply veto player theory deal with the impact of institutions and partisan preferences of legislative activity and policy outcomes. It is used to measure the degree of policy change and, thus, reform capacity in national and international political systems. This volume contains the analysis of leading scholars in the field on these topics and more recent developments regarding theoretical and empirical progress in the area of political reform-making. The contributions come from research areas of political science where veto player theory plays a significant role, including, positive political theory, legislative behavior and legislative decision-making in national and supra-national political systems, policy making and government formation. The contributors to this book add to the current scholarly and public debate on the role of veto players, making it of interest to scholars in political science and policy studies as well as policymakers worldwide.
Author : Ronald Hayduck,Ronald Hayduk,Kevin Mattson
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0742517500
The two-month long Election Day in Florida made one thing clear: We need to find ways to make the American political system more responsive to the demands of all citizens. This book provides a critical assessement of a broad range of electoral reforms proposed to enhance responsive government. The book aims not only to analyze the obstacles to full political participation, but to capitalize on the window of opportunity that election 2000 has provided to make our political system more truly democratic--to realize 'democracy's moment.'
Author : Merilee S. Grindle
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2000-09-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801864209
Audacious Reforms examines the creation of new political institutions in three Latin American countries: direct elections for governors and mayors in Venezuela, radical municipalization in Bolivia, and direct election of the mayor of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Diverging from the usual incremental processes of political change, these cases marked a significant departure from traditional centralized governments. Such "audacious reforms," explains Merilee S. Grindle, reinvent the ways in which public problems are manifested and resolved, the ways in which political actors calculate the costs and benefits of their activities, and the ways in which social groups relate to the political process. Grindle considers three central questions: Why would rational politicians choose to give up power? What accounts for the selection of some institutions rather than others? And how does the introduction of new institutions alter the nature of political actions? The case studies of Venezuela, Bolivia, and Argentina demonstrate that institutional invention must be understood from theoretical perspectives that stretch beyond immediate concerns about electoral gains and political support building. Broader theoretical perspectives on the definition of nation and state, the nature of political contests, the legitimacy of political systems, and the role of elites all must be considered. While past conflicts are not erased by reforms, in the new order there is often greater potential for more responsible, accountable, and democratic government.
Author : Alan Renwick
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2010-02-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139486774
Elections lie at the heart of democracy, and this book seeks to understand how the rules governing those elections are chosen. Drawing on both broad comparisons and detailed case studies, it focuses upon the electoral rules that govern what sorts of preferences voters can express and how votes translate into seats in a legislature. Through detailed examination of electoral reform politics in four countries (France, Italy, Japan, and New Zealand), Alan Renwick shows how major electoral system changes in established democracies occur through two contrasting types of reform process. Renwick rejects the simple view that electoral systems always straightforwardly reflect the interests of the politicians in power. Politicians' motivations are complex; politicians are sometimes unable to pursue reforms they want; occasionally, they are forced to accept reforms they oppose. The Politics of Electoral Reform shows how voters and reform activists can have real power over electoral reform.
Author : Harold J. Jansen
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780774818933
In 2004, Jean Chrtien's Liberals banned corporations and unions from contributing financially to political parties. In 2008, opposition leaders were prepared to defeat the Conservative Party over its proposal to eliminate public subsidies to parties. In this book, prominent political scientists explore the underlying issues that led to the showdown. Are publicly funded parties compatible with democracy? What effects has party finance reform had on elections and on the balance of power between parties and donors and between national parties and local organizations? Contributors show that campaign finance reforms have shaped party organization and electoral competition, contributing to successive minority governments.