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Remnants of Crypto-Jews Among Hispanic Americans by Gloria Golden Pdf
"Five hundred years after the Inquisition, Gloria Golden manages to turn the little-known subject of Crypto-Jews into an inspiring tale of identity. The rich portraiture and captivating oral histories offer a poignant view of what it means to discover and embrace one's Judaism." --Elana Harris, Managing Editor, "B'nai B'rith" Magazine.
In 1981, while working as New Mexico State Historian, Stanley M. Hordes began to hear stories of Hispanos who lit candles on Friday night and abstained from eating pork. Puzzling over the matter, Hordes realized that these practices might very well have been passed down through the centuries from early crypto-Jewish settlers in New Spain. After extensive research and hundreds of interviews, Hordes concluded that there was, in New Mexico and the Southwest, a Sephardic legacy derived from the converso community of Spanish Jews. In To the End of the Earth, Hordes explores the remarkable story of crypto-Jews and the tenuous preservation of Jewish rituals and traditions in Mexico and New Mexico over the past five hundred years. He follows the crypto-Jews from their Jewish origins in medieval Spain and Portugal to their efforts to escape persecution by migrating to the New World and settling in the far reaches of the northern Mexican frontier. Drawing on individual biographies (including those of colonial officials accused of secretly practicing Judaism), family histories, Inquisition records, letters, and other primary sources, Hordes provides a richly detailed account of the economic, social and religious lives of crypto-Jews during the colonial period and after the annexation of New Mexico by the United States in 1846. While the American government offered more religious freedom than had the Spanish colonial rulers, cultural assimilation into Anglo-American society weakened many elements of the crypto-Jewish tradition. Hordes concludes with a discussion of the reemergence of crypto-Jewish culture and the reclamation of Jewish ancestry within the Hispano community in the late twentieth century. He examines the publicity surrounding the rediscovery of the crypto-Jewish community and explores the challenges inherent in a study that attempts to reconstruct the history of a people who tried to leave no documentary record.
Author : Matthew D. Warshawsky Publisher : Juan de La Cuesta-Hispanic Monographs Page : 178 pages File Size : 54,5 Mb Release : 2016-05-26 Category : Social Science ISBN : 1588712761
The Perils of Living the Good and True Law: Iberian Crypto-Jews in the Shadow of the Inquisition of Colonial Hispanic America by Matthew D. Warshawsky Pdf
During the mid-1600s, tribunals of the Spanish Inquisition in Lima and Mexico City prosecuted the "Great Conspiracy" trials in response to the crypto-Jewish practices of conversos, or New Christian converts of Jewish descent, who had immigrated from Spain and Portugal to these centers of colonial power. Based on original archival records and published transcriptions of Inquisition trial testimony, this study examines the complex lives and clandestine practices of five apparent crypto-Jews who were the subject of such trials. In so doing, the book aims to understand why these individuals risked their lives and those of loved ones in the name of a forbidden belief system, and how their chameleon-like identity permitted them to live as Jews and Catholics at once. Taking its title from a description of secret Judaism by one of its subjects, Duarte de Leon Jaramillo, the work shows how, despite a lack of regular access to books or teachers, crypto-Jews forged a recognizable Jewish identity at the very time when the Inquisition most actively prosecuted them for doing so. The stories of these individuals also shed light on the complex relationship between Spain and Portugal during the 1600s and particularly on how this relationship affected New Christians from both countries who traveled to Spain's American territories. Each chapter of The Perils of Living the Good and True Law tells a distinct but complementary story about the response of secret Jews to inquisitorial efforts to coerce them to renounce their identity. Some of the topics these stories explore include the role of economics in religious persecution, the notoriety of personality that transcended the Jewish character of beliefs and practices, and the geographic and spiritual peregrinations of individuals from positions of relative safety to the riskier one of crypto-Judaism. Additionally, while the book demonstrates both the authenticity of crypto-Jewish practices and their variance from normative Judaism, it also dispels the notion that similarities in heritage and belief intrinsically unified all New Christians. Contending instead that, due to various degrees of Catholic sincerity, conversos were not Jewish ipso facto, the work uses the life stories of the five individuals and their families analyzed here to investigate how a proscribed belief system survived, as well as the influence of oppression on this belief system. These accounts suggest that relative economic prestige and imputed racial otherness made conversos feel "in and out," a situation that in many cases caused their relationships with fellow conversos to be as complex and even contradictory as those with Christians free of Jewish lineage. Written using a nuanced approach that neither demonizes the Inquisition nor depicts the tribunal's victims as unblemished heroes, The Perils of Living the Good and True Law describes crypto-Judaism in colonial Hispanic America in terms of the experiences of those who lived it and the institution that tried to eliminate it. The work makes a valuable contribution to Jewish, Hispanic, and trans-Atlantic studies by elucidating the legitimacy of crypto-Judaism in colonial Hispanic America and of Inquisition trial records as an accurate source of information about this syncretistic belief system and its complex, often contradictory practitioners. Matthew D. Warshawsky is associate professor of Spanish at the University of Portland. He co-edited, with James A. Parr, Don Quixote: Interdisciplinary Connections (Juan de la Cuesta-Hispanic Monographs, 2013). Series: Estudios judeoespanoles Samuel G. Armistead y Joseph H. Silverman, No. 8"
Deals with the consequences of forced conversion, exile, and secrecy resulting from the Spanish Inquisition, particularly among the Latino population of the American Southwest. Presents a psychosocial study of attempts to recover Jewish spirituality and identity, stressing the role of women in cultural preservation. Notes parallels with the second generation after the Holocaust. Ch. 1 (pp. 21-41), "Secrecy, Antisemitism, and the Dangers of Jewishness", provides the historical background for the study of 20th-century crypto-Jews. Discusses the Inquisition's persecution of crypto-Jews, and continuing anti-Jewish prejudice in the Spanish-speaking world that has made the concealment of Jewish identity a continuing phenomenon up to the present day.
A history of Sephardic Jews in the United States examines their place within the American Jewish community ahd how Ashkenazic Jews have often failed to recognize Sephardim as fellow Jews.
"For many in the United States, Crypto-Judaism has been shrouded in memory and for others it has become an imagined land that might have been, often with little information about the actual history and heritage of the group. Today, in the American southwest and in parts of Latin America there is a movement to reclaim Jewish identity, and people are describing the memories of Jewish identity with the family and the remnants of Jewish practice. That has sparked interest in learning more about Sepharad, the Spain of the Jews, and the diaspora of Spanish Jews and their cousins, the Crypto-Jews. Myths have grown around the concept of Sepharad sometimes obscuring the realities of what it was. There was a "golden age" for Jews in Spain during the early Muslim period, but as the reconquest heated up and Christian rule replaced that of Muslims, the Jewish experience turned dark until the light of the Jews was put out in Spain. In my experience in New Mexico, I have found that local oral traditions about Jewish family identity or reclaimed Jewish identity can be rich, but in some cases not coinciding with historical information. So, there can be multiple tracks of inherited or imagined information in addition to historical documentation. The belief about the association between Judaism and Spain that is expressed among some is that anyone of Spanish descent must have sangre Judia "Jewish blood". That contradicts what we know of the demographics of Spain, which suggest that at the time of the Expulsion, Jews were a minuscule part of the population, probably close to two percent. Crypto-Judaism is an attempt to draw a historical baseline of established information of what we know about those times and the Crypto-Jewish experience"--
Five centuries after the forced conversion of Spanish and Portuguese Jews to Catholicism, stories of these conversos' descendants uncovering long-hidden Jewish roots have come to light and taken hold of the literary and popular imagination. This seemingly remote history has inspired a wave of contemporary writing involving hidden artifacts, familial whispers and secrets, and clandestine Jewish ritual practices pointing to a past that had been presumed dead and buried. The Converso's Return explores the cultural politics and literary impact of this reawakened interest in converso and crypto-Jewish history, ancestry, and identity, and asks what this fascination with lost-and-found heritage can tell us about how we relate to and make use of the past. Dalia Kandiyoti offers nuanced interpretations of contemporary fictional and autobiographical texts about crypto-Jews in Cuba, Mexico, New Mexico, Spain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Turkey. These works not only imagine what might be missing from the historical archive but also suggest an alternative historical consciousness that underscores uncommon convergences of and solidarities within Sephardi, Christian, Muslim, converso, and Sabbatean histories. Steeped in diaspora, Sephardi, transamerican, Iberian, and world literature studies, The Converso's Return illuminates how the converso narrative can enrich our understanding of history, genealogy, and collective memory.
An overview of Latino/a spiritualities today--Protestant, Catholic, Pentecostal, and non-Christian and the challenges they bring to Christian theology and ministry. Given the context of increasing religious pluralism and a burgeoning interest in religions, religiosity, and spirituality within the United States and the knowledge that by the mid-twenty-first century an estimated 100 million Americans will claim Latin origin, an understanding of the varieties of Latino/a spirituality becomes essential. This book focuses on the ways in which Latinos and Latinas participate in the pursuit and practice of the spiritual or "holy" santo as part of their lived religion. In seven chapters, Aponte explores various understandings of santo and its participation in daily life, rites of passage, and worship.
Becoming Jewish by Netanel Fisher,Tudor Parfitt Pdf
One of the most striking contemporary religious phenomena is the world-wide fascination with Judaism. Traditionally, few non-Jews converted to the Jewish faith, but today millions of people throughout the world are converting to Judaism and are identifying as Jews or Israelites. In this volume, leading scholars of issues related to conversion, Judaising movements and Judaism as a New Religious Movement discuss and explain this global movement towards identification with the Jewish people, from Germany and Poland to China and Nigeria.
Juggling Identities is an extensive ethnography of the crypto-Jews who live deep within the Hispanic communities of the American Southwest. Critiquing scholars who challenge the cultural authenticity of these individuals, Seth D. Kunin builds a solid link between the crypto-Jews of New Mexico and their Spanish ancestors who secretly maintained their Jewish identity after converting to Catholicism, offering the strongest evidence yet of their ethnic and religious origins. Kunin adopts a unique approach to the lives of modern crypto-Jews, concentrating primarily on their understanding of Jewish tradition and the meaning they ascribe to ritual. He illuminates the complexity of this community, in which individuals and groups perform the same practice in diverse ways. Kunin supplements his ethnographic research with broader theories concerning the nature of identity and memory, which is especially applicable to crypto-Jews, whose culture resides mainly in memory. Kunin's work has wider implications, not only for other forms of crypto-Judaism (such as that found in the former Soviet Union) but also for the study of Judaism's fluid nature, which helps adherents adapt to new circumstances and knowledge. Kunin draws fascinating comparisons between the intricate ancestry of crypto-Jews and those of other ethnic communities living in the United States.
The Jews and the Expansion of Europe to the West, 1450-1800 by Paolo Bernardini,Norman Fiering Pdf
Jews and Judaism played a significant role in the history of the expansion of Europe to the west as well as in the history of the economic, social, and religious development of the New World. They played an important role in the discovery, colonization, and eventually exploitation of the resources of the New World. Alone among the European peoples who came to the Americas in the colonial period, Jews were dispersed throughout the hemisphere; indeed, they were the only cohesive European ethnic or religious group that lived under both Catholic and Protestant regimes, which makes their study particularly fruitful from a comparative perspective. As distinguished from other religious or ethnic minorities, the Jewish struggle was not only against an overpowering and fierce nature but also against the political regimes that ruled over the various colonies of the Americas and often looked unfavorably upon the establishment and tleration of Jewish communities in their own territory. Jews managed to survive and occasionally to flourish against all odds, and their history in the Americas is one of the more fascinating chapters in the early modern history of European expansion.
Dictionary definitions of the term mishpachah are seemingly straightforward: "A Jewish family or social unit including close and distant relatives-sometimes also close friends." As accurate as such definitions are, they fail to capture the diversity and vitality of real, flesh-and-blood Jewish families. Families have been part of Jewish life for as long as there have been Jews. It is useful to recall that the family is the basic narrative building block of the stories in the biblical book of Genesis, which can be interpreted in the light of ancient literary traditions, archaeological discoveries, and rabbinic exegesis. Rabbinic literature also is filled with discussions about interactions, rancorous as well as amicable, between parents and among siblings. Sometimes harmony characterizes relations between the parent and the child; as often, alas, there is conflict. The rabbis, always aware of the realities of life, chide and advise as best they can. For the modern period, the changing roles of males and females in society at large have contributed to differing expectations as to their roles within the family. The relative increase in the number of adopted children, from both Jewish and non-Jewish backgrounds, and more recently, the shifting reality of assisted reproductive technologies and the possibility of cloning human embryos, all raise significant moral and theological questions that require serious consideration. Through the studies brought together in this volume, more than a dozen scholars look at the Jewish family in wide variety of social, historical, religious, and geographical contexts. In the process, they explore both diverse and common features in the past and present, and they chart possible courses for Jewish families in the future.
Author : Stanley M. Hordes Publisher : Columbia University Press Page : 373 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 2005 Category : History ISBN : 9780231129367
"Drawing on individual biographies (including those of colonial officials accused of secretly practicing Judaism), family histories, Inquisition records, letters, and other primary sources, Hordes provides a detailed account of the economic, social, and religious lives of crypto-Jews during the colonial period and after the annexation of New Mexico by the United States in 1846."--BOOK JACKET.
Latina/o y Musulmán by Hjamil A. Martínez-Vázquez Pdf
Latinas/os are the fastest growing "minoritized" ethnic group in the United States and Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in the United States. It is therefore no surprise that the Latina/o Muslim population is one of the fastest growing communities in the United States. As a minority within a minority, the ways in which U.S. Latina/o Muslims construct their identity is not only interesting in itself but also of interest for how they challenge traditional understandings of U.S. Latina/o identities. This book explores the process of conversion of U.S. Latina/o Muslims and how it becomes the foundation for the re-construction of their U.S. Latina/o identities. Furthermore, since Latina/o religious experience in the United States up until now has largely assumed Christianity as the de facto religion, Latina/o y Musulman brings a whole new angle to studies in this area. Martinez-Vazquez lays the broader analytical foundation for how the religious experiences of non-Christian U.S. Latinas/os shape the process of identity construction.