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National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on Aircraft Certification Safety Management
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on Aircraft Certification Safety Management Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 87 pages File Size : 50,7 Mb Release : 1998-09-11 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309173742
Improving the Continued Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on Aircraft Certification Safety Management Pdf
As part of the national effort to improve aviation safety, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) chartered the National Research Council to examine and recommend improvements in the aircraft certification process currently used by the FAA, manufacturers, and operators.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 257 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 2019-10-20 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309486163
Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy,Board on Research Data and Information,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on Reproducibility and Replicability in Science Pdf
One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Immunization Safety Review Committee
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Immunization Safety Review Committee Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 152 pages File Size : 53,6 Mb Release : 2002-07-02 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309169882
Immunization Safety Review by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Immunization Safety Review Committee Pdf
By two years of age, healthy infants in the United States can receive up to 20 vaccinations to protect against 11 diseases. Although most people know that vaccines effectively protect against serious infectious diseases, approximately one-quarter of parents in a recent survey believe that infants get more vaccines than are good for them, and that too many immunizations could overwhelm an infant's immune system. The Immunization Safety Review Committee reviewed the evidence regarding the hypothesis that multiple immunizations increase the risk for immune dysfunction. Specifically, the committee looked at evidence of potential biological mechanisms and at epidemiological evidence for or against causality related to risk for infections, the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, and allergic disorders.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Best Practices for Assessing Mortality and Significant Morbidity Following Large-Scale Disasters
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Best Practices for Assessing Mortality and Significant Morbidity Following Large-Scale Disasters Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 273 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 2020-12-25 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309680257
A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large-Scale Disasters by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Best Practices for Assessing Mortality and Significant Morbidity Following Large-Scale Disasters Pdf
In the wake of a large-scale disaster, from the initial devastation through the long tail of recovery, protecting the health and well-being of the affected individuals and communities is paramount. Accurate and timely information about mortality and significant morbidity related to the disaster are the cornerstone of the efforts of the disaster management enterprise to save lives and prevent further health impacts. Conversely, failure to accurately capture mortality and significant morbidity data undercuts the nation's capacity to protect its population. Information about disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity adds value at all phases of the disaster management cycle. As a disaster unfolds, the data are crucial in guiding response and recovery priorities, ensuring a common operating picture and real-time situational awareness across stakeholders, and protecting vulnerable populations and settings at heightened risk. A Framework for Assessing Mortality and Morbidity After Large-Scale Disasters reviews and describes the current state of the field of disaster-related mortality and significant morbidity assessment. This report examines practices and methods for data collection, recording, sharing, and use across state, local, tribal, and territorial stakeholders; evaluates best practices; and identifies areas for future resource investment.
Excerpt from Report and Recommendations, 1910-11: With Appendices In 1887, the license system was introduced in Manitoba. In the eastern provinces, fishing under license had been systematically car ried on from the time of confederation, but there was no such System in force in the west until the date named, and it proved to be from the commencement quite a successful experiment. Official reports state that the method of licensing was most successful, and prevented Violations of the law as well as defined the respective fishing locations of the licensees. At the start, 130 gill - nets licenses were issued, and three drag seine licenses, but pound-nets which had been used for sturgeon, were prohibited. Among the early regulations applied to the province was a close season for Whitefish from October 20 to November 1, but the regula tions, six in number, passed July 18, 1889, altered this close season to October 5 to November 10, and provided also a close season for pickerel (dore) from April 15 to May 15; and a sturgeon close sea son from May 1 to June 15, as well as a trout close season from Octo bar 1 to January 1. There was also a prohibition of the use Of explosives in fishing, and a provision providing that waters might be set apart for the sole use of Indians for food purposes. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Author : National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Publisher : Unknown Page : 106 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 1978 Category : Human experimentation in medicine ISBN : OCLC:4220519
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 217 pages File Size : 46,7 Mb Release : 2011-06-16 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309216463
Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines Pdf
Advances in medical, biomedical and health services research have reduced the level of uncertainty in clinical practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complement this progress by establishing standards of care backed by strong scientific evidence. CPGs are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care. These statements are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust examines the current state of clinical practice guidelines and how they can be improved to enhance healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines now are ubiquitous in our healthcare system. The Guidelines International Network (GIN) database currently lists more than 3,700 guidelines from 39 countries. Developing guidelines presents a number of challenges including lack of transparent methodological practices, difficulty reconciling conflicting guidelines, and conflicts of interest. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust explores questions surrounding the quality of CPG development processes and the establishment of standards. It proposes eight standards for developing trustworthy clinical practice guidelines emphasizing transparency; management of conflict of interest ; systematic review-guideline development intersection; establishing evidence foundations for and rating strength of guideline recommendations; articulation of recommendations; external review; and updating. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust shows how clinical practice guidelines can enhance clinician and patient decision-making by translating complex scientific research findings into recommendations for clinical practice that are relevant to the individual patient encounter, instead of implementing a one size fits all approach to patient care. This book contains information directly related to the work of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as various Congressional staff and policymakers. It is a vital resource for medical specialty societies, disease advocacy groups, health professionals, private and international organizations that develop or use clinical practice guidelines, consumers, clinicians, and payers.
National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs
Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 336 pages File Size : 55,5 Mb Release : 2008-07-26 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780309117364
Improving Democracy Assistance by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on Evaluation of USAID Democracy Assistance Programs Pdf
Over the past 25 years, the United States has made support for the spread of democracy to other nations an increasingly important element of its national security policy. These efforts have created a growing demand to find the most effective means to assist in building and strengthening democratic governance under varied conditions. Since 1990, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has supported democracy and governance (DG) programs in approximately 120 countries and territories, spending an estimated total of $8.47 billion (in constant 2000 U.S. dollars) between 1990 and 2005. Despite these substantial expenditures, our understanding of the actual impacts of USAID DG assistance on progress toward democracy remains limited-and is the subject of much current debate in the policy and scholarly communities. This book, by the National Research Council, provides a roadmap to enable USAID and its partners to assess what works and what does not, both retrospectively and in the future through improved monitoring and evaluation methods and rebuilding USAID's internal capacity to build, absorb, and act on improved knowledge.
United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Author : United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Publisher : Unknown Page : 432 pages File Size : 49,7 Mb Release : 1977 Category : Children ISBN : LCCN:78313406
United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Author : United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Publisher : Unknown Page : 532 pages File Size : 40,7 Mb Release : 1978 Category : Human experimentation in medicine ISBN : MINN:31951000434146J
Report and Recommendations: Appendix by United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Pdf
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Strengthening Forensic Science at the National Institute of Justice
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Strengthening Forensic Science at the National Institute of Justice Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 116 pages File Size : 42,7 Mb Release : 2015-11-03 Category : Law ISBN : 9780309376488
Support for Forensic Science Research by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Strengthening Forensic Science at the National Institute of Justice Pdf
Reliable and valid forensic science analytic techniques are critical to a credible, fair, and evidence-based criminal justice system. There is widespread agreement that the scientific foundation of some currently available forensic science methods needs strengthening and that additional, more efficient techniques are urgently needed. These needs can only be met through sustained research programs explicitly designed to ensure and improve the reliability and validity of current methods and to foster the development and use of new and better techniques. This task is challenging due to the broad nature of the field. Concerns have been raised repeatedly about the ability of the criminal justice system to collect and analyze evidence efficiently and to be fair in its verdicts. Although significant progress has been made in some forensic science disciplines, the forensic science community still faces many challenges. Federal leadership, particularly in regard to research and the scientific validation of forensic science methods, is needed to help meet the pressing issues facing state and local jurisdictions. This report reviews the progress made by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) to advance forensic science research since the 2009 report, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward and the 2010 report, Strengthening the National Institute of Justice. Support for Forensic Science Research examines the ways in which NIJ develops its forensic science research priorities and communicates those priorities as well as its findings to the scientific and forensic practitioner communities in order to determine the impact of NIJ forensic science research programs and how that impact can be enhanced.
National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Committee on Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems
Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Committee on Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 172 pages File Size : 52,7 Mb Release : 1989-02-01 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309040365
Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Committee on Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems Pdf
When waterfowl began to die from selenium poisoning at Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in California's San Joaquin Valley, considerable alarm arose among environmental and agricultural specialists. This new volume suggests that Kesterson is not a unique problem and the events there offer important lessons for the future. Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems uses the San Joaquin experience to suggest how we can prepare for similar problems elsewhere. As one committee member put it, "There will be elsewheres"â€"trace elements and organic contaminants are being concentrated by irrigation in many river basins. This book addresses how the Kesterson crisis developed, how irrigation can endanger water quality, and how economic, legal, and other factors impede our ability to respond to water quality problems. The committee explores how to study these problems, unraveling complex issues and clarifying the varying perspectives of farmers, environmentalists, scientists, and other key figures. This dispassionate analysis of a controversial topic will be useful to policymakers, resource managers, and agricultural specialists and farmers, as well as specialists in hydrology, water quality, irrigation, law, and environmental quality. It will also be useful as a case study in the environmental policy classroom.
