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Author : National Institute on Drug Abuse
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : UIUC:30112039448474
Author : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1995-09-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309176217
This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection Among Injecting Drug Users in High-Risk Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2006-12-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309102803
Drug dependence is a complex, chronic, relapsing condition that is often accompanied by severe health, psychological, economic, legal, and social consequences. Injecting drug users are particularly vulnerable to HIV and other bloodborne infections (such as hepatitis C) as a result of sharing contaminated injecting equipment. All drug-dependent individuals, including injecting drug users (IDUs), may be at increased risk of HIV infection because of high-risk sexual behaviors. There are an estimated 13.2 million injecting drug users (IDUs) world-wide-78 percent of whom live in developing or transitional countries. The sharing of contaminated injecting equipment has become a major driving force of the global AIDS epidemic and is the primary mode of HIV transmission in many countries. In some cases, epidemics initially fueled by the sharing of contaminated injecting equipment are spreading through sexual transmission from IDUs to non-injecting populations, and through perinatal transmission to newborns. Reversing the rise of HIV infections among IDUs has thus become an urgent global public health challenge-one that remains largely unmet. In response to this challenge, the Institute of Medicine convened a public workshop in Geneva in December 2005 to gather information from experts on IDU-driven HIV epidemics in the most affected regions of the world with an emphasis on countries throughout Eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and significant parts of Asia. Experts from other regions also provided information on their experiences in preventing HIV infection among IDUs. This report provides a summary of the workshop discussions. Preventing HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users in High Risk Countries describes the evidence on the intermediate outcomes of drug-related risk and sex-related risk prior to examining the impact on HIV transmission. This report focuses on programs that are designed to prevent the transmission of HIV among injecting drug users. These programs range from efforts to curtail non-medical drug use to those that encourage reduction in high-risk behavior among drug users. Although the report focuses on HIV prevention for IDUs in high-risk countries, the Committee considered evidence from countries around the world. The findings and recommendations of this report are also applicable to countries where injecting drug use is not the primary driver, but in which injection drug use is nevertheless associated with significant HIV transmission.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : MINN:31951003086878E
Author : Andrew Ball,Don C. Des Jarlais,Gerry V. Stimson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2003-09-02
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781135359539
Drug Injecting and HIV Infection is a comparative international study of drug injecting behaviour and HIV infection based on the World Health Organization's study of 13 cities as disparate as Athens, Bangkok, Glasgow and Rio de Janeiro. Using a standardized methodology for the collection of data, as well as central data management and analysis, this study represents the largest international project of its kind. It presents a comprehensive overview of what is currently known about drug injecting, HIV infection, epidemic dynamics and possibilities for prevention. Stressing the importance of linking research to intervention and policy, the contributors emphasize the need to place HIV and policy issues on the international agenda. Written by experts in the field, this global study offers an in-depth and definitive analysis of the subject.
Author : Sally J. Stevens,Stephanie Tortu,Susan L. Coyle
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 0789003511
In Women, Drug Use, and HIV Infection, you'll see why AIDS is the fourth leading cause of death among women of childbearing age, and you'll come to understand why it disproportionately affects minority women, many of whom are poor, addicted to drugs, and/or the sexual partners of drug users. You'll gain instantaneous access to the data collected by a national, multi-site Cooperative Agreement funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The quantitative and qualitative studies contained in this publication will familiarize you with the lives of women especially susceptible to HIV infection. You'll also discover descriptions of prevention strategies that will lower the risk of infection in this high-risk population of women. In Women, Drug Use, and HIV Infection, at least two chapters focus on each main topic, giving you a deeper, multilayered look at each issue. Even after a few chapters, you'll find that your understanding of this national societal illness will expand tremendously in these and other areas: cultural contexts of various geographical areas of the United States perceptions of HIV risk among the women who use drugs the difference in risk behaviors of drug-using women in cities of different sizes with different rates of HIV seroprevelance how past and current domestic violence changes the HIV risk behavior of women who are sexual partners of drug users how the trading of sex for drugs and/or money is critical in tracking HIV risk behavior in women Women, Drug Use, and HIV Infection takes its data from a wide variety of U.S. locations and from a wide variety of women and organizes it in a way that you can understand, process, and ultimately turn toward transformative action in your rural or urban area of the country. You'll get the latest in outreach and intervention efforts, and you'll find yourself with more and more recommendations for future prevention.
Author : Dave Burrows
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789291735310
Report investigates programmes and sites in developing and transitional countries which were regarded by international authorities as "high coverage sites" i.e. where more than 50% of injecting drug users had been reached by one or more HIV prevention programmes. Each case study includes a description of the development of the programme and features of the services provided, an estimation of programme coverage, factors that led to high coverage, and a discussion of ways to maintain and expand coverage.
Author : Anna Alexandrova
Publisher : IDEA
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 0972054189
Annotation "While providing background theory on harm reduction and pragmatic public health approaches to disease prevention, is focused on HIV/AIDS epidemic in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States (CEE/NIS). This region now se"
Author : Norbert Loimer,Rainer Schmid,Alfred Springer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783709191736
AIDS and drug addiction is a topic of great and growing concern. AIDS first appeared among intravenous drug users in Europe in 1984, three years after the first cases were seen among homosexuals. This epidemic has spread more rapidly among intravenous drug users than in any other risk group. The high rates of HIV-1 seroprevalence among drug users in France, Italy, and Spain account for 85% of the total number of AIDS in intravenous drug users in Europe. It is anticipated that HIV-infected drug users will soon place a heavy burden on both drug treatment facilities and specialized health care units. The HIV-1 epidemic will also cross the former iron curtain. This contribution covers the wide and complex scene of drug problems and addiction as a whole. It gives researchers an opportunity to obtain background information on the spread of HIV and AIDS among intravenous drug users as well as on the clinical and psychological effects of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in Europe. The topics reviewed include surveys of intravenous drug use, HIV prevalence, detoxification, risk reduction, changing health behaviors, evaluating AIDS interventions and the impact of methadone maintenance treatment. This monograph will be of value to all clinicians, researchers, and policy makers who are concerned with the connection between intravenous drug use and AIDS.
Author : Kasia Malinowska-Sempruch,Sarah Gallagher
Publisher : IDEA
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : 0972054170
Annotation Drug policies are often categorized in terms of public health and safety: governments forbid the voluntary use of certain substances because such use undermines the good of society as a whole. This book aims to position drug policies in another context - the context of human rights. Articles will examine the rights of drug users, with special attention to the right to adequate medical care, which is often denied to intravenous drug users who are suffering from HIV/AIDS. included will be articles that express a contrary position: that intravenous drug users have voluntarily relinquished their rights by engaging in criminal behavior. Particularly controversial are the rights of drug-using mothers whose children are sometimes put into state custody. The book will also examine the conflict between criminal codes and the human right of individual freedom, emphasizing the human rights abuses that often accompany drug policy enforcement. The texts of basic treaties and accords on human rights will be included.
Author : Elizabeth Y. Lambert
Publisher : Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Servic
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Medical
ISBN : MINN:31951D01253446K
Author : Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs,Great Britain. Dept. of Health
Publisher : Stationery Office Books (TSO)
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : AIDS (Disease)
ISBN : NYPL:33433041695697
The HIV epidemic has greatly increased the risks of injecting drugs to the individual concerned and society as a whole. In recent years, awareness of these risks has grown significantly and this has resulted in some harm reduction activities. However, the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs states in this report that greater efforts are now needed to reduce the extent of drug use itself, along with a wider recognition that all interventions to discourage drug misuse will contribute to HIV prevention.
Author : Peter Hartsock,Sander G. Genser
Publisher : Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Servic
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Medical
ISBN : UIUC:30112000042272
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on AIDS Research and the Behavioral, Social, and Statistical Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1990-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309042871
Expanding on the 1989 National Research Council volume AIDS, Sexual Behavior, and Intravenous Drug Use, this book reports on changing patterns in the distribution of cases and the results of intervention efforts under way. It focuses on two important subpopulations that are becoming more and more at risk: adolescents and women. The committee also reviews strategies to protect blood supplies and to improve the quality of surveys used in AIDS research. AIDS: The Second Decade updates trends in AIDS cases and HIV infection among the homosexual community, intravenous drug users, women, minorities, and other groups; presents an overview of a wide range of behavioral intervention strategies directed at specific groups; discusses discrimination against people with AIDS and HIV infection; and presents available data on the proportion of teenagers engaging in the behaviors that can transmit the virus and on female prostitutes and HIV infection.
Author : Dennis Fisher,Richard Needle
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2014-05-01
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781317952770
Delve into the uncharted territory of the “hidden” drug addict--users who are not in treatment, not incarcerated, and not officially accessible for research purposes through traditional means. AIDS and Community-Based Drug Intervention Programs describes short-term interventions used to reduce the odds that these drug users will get infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The book explains new methods that are being developed, such as targeted sampling, social network analysis, geomapping, and other amalgams of both quantitative and qualitative approaches, that need to be forged to overcome the challenges of the war against AIDS. The research described in this important book was conducted under the Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community-Based Outreach/Intervention Research funding mechanism of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Chapters include research on several ethnic groups, including Alaska natives, Puerto Ricans, and Navaho teens. AIDS and Community-Based Drug Treatment Programs, written by experts in the field, is a broad-based treatment of the subject by those who are actually doing the work in the trenches. Authors cover topics such as: the use of goal-oriented counseling and peer support to reduce HIV/AIDS risk quantitative and qualitative methods to assess behavioral change among injection drug users (IDUs) the importance of sampling from hidden populations in research a public health model for reducing AIDS-related risk behavior among IDUs and their sexual partners characteristics of female sexual partners of IDUs strategies used to implement random sampling strategies in the recruitment of out-of-treatment crack and IDUs ethnographic analysis of intravenous drug use analysis of contact tracing strategies employed to combat the AIDS epidemic the use of pile sorts to enhance other tools used by drug prevention programsAIDS and Community-Based Drug Intervention Programs is full of current research and useful information for professionals interested in learning about strategies for conducting HIV/AIDS research among hard-to-reach populations. Substance abuse researchers, treatment professionals, and people involved in AIDS prevention programs, state and county health departments, and criminal justice systems will find much relevant and important information to use in their daily work.
