Representations Of Commonsense Knowledge

Author : Ernest Davis
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781483221137

Get Book

Representations of Commonsense Knowledge by Ernest Davis Pdf

Representations of Commonsense Knowledge provides a rich language for expressing commonsense knowledge and inference techniques for carrying out commonsense knowledge. This book provides a survey of the research on commonsense knowledge. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the basic ideas on artificial intelligence commonsense reasoning. This text then examines the structure of logic, which is roughly analogous to that of a programming language. Other chapters describe how rules of universal validity can be applied to facts known with absolute certainty to deduce other facts known with absolute certainty. This book discusses as well some prominent issues in plausible inference. The final chapter deals with commonsense knowledge about the interrelations and interactions among agents and discusses some issues in human and social interactions that have been studied in the artificial intelligence literature. This book is a valuable resource for students on a graduate course on knowledge representation.

Author : Erik T. Mueller
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-26
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080476612

Get Book

Commonsense Reasoning by Erik T. Mueller Pdf

To endow computers with common sense is one of the major long-term goals of Artificial Intelligence research. One approach to this problem is to formalize commonsense reasoning using mathematical logic. Commonsense Reasoning is a detailed, high-level reference on logic-based commonsense reasoning. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which Erik T. Mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. He provides an up-to-date work promoting the use of the event calculus for commonsense reasoning, and bringing into one place information scattered across many books and papers. Mueller shares the knowledge gained in using the event calculus and extends the literature with detailed event calculus solutions to problems that span many areas of the commonsense world. Covers key areas of commonsense reasoning including action, change, defaults, space, and mental states. The first full book on commonsense reasoning to use the event calculus. Contextualizes the event calculus within the framework of commonsense reasoning, introducing the event calculus as the best method overall. Focuses on how to use the event calculus formalism to perform commonsense reasoning, while existing papers and books examine the formalisms themselves. Includes fully worked out proofs and circumscriptions for every example.

Author : Mircea Gh. Negoita,Robert J. Howlett,L. C. Jain
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 962 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2004-09-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783540232056

Get Book

Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems by Mircea Gh. Negoita,Robert J. Howlett,L. C. Jain Pdf

The three-volume set LNAI 3213, LNAI 3214, and LNAI 3215 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, KES 2004, held in Wellington, New Zealand in September 2004. The over 450 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers present a wealth of original research results from the field of intelligent information processing in the broadest sense; among the areas covered are artificial intelligence, computational intelligence, cognitive technologies, soft computing, data mining, knowledge processing, various new paradigms in biologically inspired computing, and applications in various domains like bioinformatics, finance, signal processing etc.

Author : Ronald Brachman,Hector Levesque
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2004-05-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781558609327

Get Book

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by Ronald Brachman,Hector Levesque Pdf

Knowledge representation is at the very core of a radical idea for understanding intelligence. This book talks about the central concepts of knowledge representation developed over the years. It is suitable for researchers and practitioners in database management, information retrieval, object-oriented systems and artificial intelligence.

Author : Nick Cercone,Gordon McCalla
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781461247920

Get Book

The Knowledge Frontier by Nick Cercone,Gordon McCalla Pdf

Knowledge representation is perhaps the most central problem confronting artificial intelligence. Expert systems need knowledge of their domain of expertise in order to function properly. Computer vlslOn systems need to know characteristics of what they are "seeing" in order to be able to fully interpret scenes. Natural language systems are invaluably aided by knowledge of the subject of the natural language discourse and knowledge of the participants in the discourse. Knowledge can guide learning systems towards better understanding and can aid problem solving systems in creating plans to solve various problems. Applications such as intelligent tutoring. computer-aided VLSI design. game playing. automatic programming. medical reasoning. diagnosis in various domains. and speech recogOltlOn. to name a few. are all currently experimenting with knowledge-based approaches. The problem of knowledge representation breaks down into several subsidiary problems including what knowledge to represent in a particular application. how to extract or create that knowledge. how to represent the knowledge efficiently and effectively. how to implement the knowledge representation scheme chosen. how to modify the knowledge in the face of a changing world. how to reason with the knowledge. and how tc use the knowledge appropriately in the creation of the application solution. This volume contains an elaboration of many of these basic issues from a variety of perspectives.

Author : Nicholas V. Findler
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 481 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-05-10
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9781483263014

Get Book

Associative Networks by Nicholas V. Findler Pdf

Associative Networks: Representation and Use of Knowledge by Computers is a collection of papers that deals with knowledge base of programs exhibiting some operational aspects of understanding. One paper reviews network formalism that utilizes unobstructed semantics, independent of the domain to which it is applied, that is also capable of handling significant epistemological relationships of concept structuring, attribute/value inheritance, multiple descriptions. Another paper explains network notations that encode taxonomic information; general statements involving quantification; information about processes and procedures; the delineation of local contexts, as well as the relationships between syntactic units and their interpretations. One paper shows that networks can be designed to be intuitively and formally interpretable. Network formalisms are computer-oriented logics which become distinctly significant when access paths from concepts to propositions are built into them. One feature of a topical network organization is its potential for learning. If one topic is too large, it could be broken down where groupings of propositions under the split topics are then based on "co-usage" statistics. As an example, one paper cites the University of Maryland artificial intelligence (AI) group which investigates the control and interaction of a meaning-based parser. The group also analyzes the inferences and predictions from a number of levels based on mundane inferences of actions and causes that can be used in AI. The collection can be useful for computer engineers, computer programmers, mathematicians, and researchers who are working on artificial intelligence.

Author : Frank van Harmelen,Vladimir Lifschitz,Bruce Porter
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1034 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008-01-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0080557023

Get Book

Handbook of Knowledge Representation by Frank van Harmelen,Vladimir Lifschitz,Bruce Porter Pdf

Handbook of Knowledge Representation describes the essential foundations of Knowledge Representation, which lies at the core of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book provides an up-to-date review of twenty-five key topics in knowledge representation, written by the leaders of each field. It includes a tutorial background and cutting-edge developments, as well as applications of Knowledge Representation in a variety of AI systems. This handbook is organized into three parts. Part I deals with general methods in Knowledge Representation and reasoning and covers such topics as classical logic in Knowledge Representation; satisfiability solvers; description logics; constraint programming; conceptual graphs; nonmonotonic reasoning; model-based problem solving; and Bayesian networks. Part II focuses on classes of knowledge and specialized representations, with chapters on temporal representation and reasoning; spatial and physical reasoning; reasoning about knowledge and belief; temporal action logics; and nonmonotonic causal logic. Part III discusses Knowledge Representation in applications such as question answering; the semantic web; automated planning; cognitive robotics; multi-agent systems; and knowledge engineering. This book is an essential resource for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in knowledge representation and AI. * Make your computer smarter * Handle qualitative and uncertain information * Improve computational tractability to solve your problems easily

Author : Renée Elio
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Common sense
ISBN : 9780195147667

Get Book

Common Sense, Reasoning, & Rationality by Renée Elio Pdf

While common sense and rationality have often been viewed as two distinct features in a unified cognitive map, this volume engages with this notion and comes up with novel and often paradoxical views of this relationship.

Author : Kathleen Dahlgren
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781461310754

Get Book

Naive Semantics for Natural Language Understanding by Kathleen Dahlgren Pdf

This book introduces a theory, Naive Semantics (NS), a theory of the knowledge underlying natural language understanding. The basic assumption of NS is that knowing what a word means is not very different from knowing anything else, so that there is no difference in form of cognitive representation between lexical semantics and ency clopedic knowledge. NS represents word meanings as commonsense knowledge, and builds no special representation language (other than elements of first-order logic). The idea of teaching computers common sense knowledge originated with McCarthy and Hayes (1969), and has been extended by a number of researchers (Hobbs and Moore, 1985, Lenat et aI, 1986). Commonsense knowledge is a set of naive beliefs, at times vague and inaccurate, about the way the world is structured. Traditionally, word meanings have been viewed as criterial, as giving truth conditions for membership in the classes words name. The theory of NS, in identifying word meanings with commonsense knowledge, sees word meanings as typical descriptions of classes of objects, rather than as criterial descriptions. Therefore, reasoning with NS represen tations is probabilistic rather than monotonic. This book is divided into two parts. Part I elaborates the theory of Naive Semantics. Chapter 1 illustrates and justifies the theory. Chapter 2 details the representation of nouns in the theory, and Chapter 4 the verbs, originally published as "Commonsense Reasoning with Verbs" (McDowell and Dahlgren, 1987). Chapter 3 describes kind types, which are naive constraints on noun representations.

Author : Douglas B. Lenat,R. V. Guha
Publisher : Addison Wesley Publishing Company
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015017925432

Get Book

Building Large Knowledge-based Systems by Douglas B. Lenat,R. V. Guha Pdf

Chapter one presents the Cyc "philosophy" or paradigm. Chapter 2 presents a global overview of Cyc, including its representation language, the ontology f its knowledge base, and teh environment which it functions. Chapter 3 goes into much more detail on the representation language, including the structure and function of Cyc's metalevel agenda mechanism. Chapter 4 presents heuristics for ontological engineering, the pricnples upon whcihc Cyc's ontology is based. Chapter 5 the provides a glimpse into the global ontology of knowledge. Chapter 6 explains how we "solve" (i.e., adequately handle) the various tough representation thorns (substances, time, space, structures, composite mental/physical objects, beliefs, uncertainty, etc. ). Chapter 7 surveys the mistakes that new knowledge tnereres most often commit. Chapter 8, the concluding chapter, includes a brief status report on the project, and a statement of goals and a timetable for the coming five years.

Author : Daniel Hernandez
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1994-06-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540580581

Get Book

Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge by Daniel Hernandez Pdf

This book develops, for the first time, a qualitative model for the representation of spatial knowledge based only on locative relations between the objects involved. The core of this book is devoted to the study of qualitative inference methods that take into account the rich structure of space. These methods can be applied to quite a number of areas characterized by uncertain or incomplete knowledge, as for example geographic information systems, robot control, computer-aided architectural design, and natural language information systems.

Author : Jon Doyle,Erik Sandewall,Pietro Torasso
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015032709381

Get Book

Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by Jon Doyle,Erik Sandewall,Pietro Torasso Pdf

The proceedings of KR '94 comprise 55 papers on topics including deduction an search, description logics, theories of knowledge and belief, nonmonotonic reasoning and belief revision, action and time, planning and decision-making and reasoning about the physical world, and the relations between KR

Author : Anthony G. Cohn,Lenhart Schubert,Stuart Charles Shapiro
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Knowledge representation (Information theory)
ISBN : UCAL:C3707032

Get Book

Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by Anthony G. Cohn,Lenhart Schubert,Stuart Charles Shapiro Pdf

Author : Luigia Carlucci Aiello,Jon Doyle,Stuart Charles Shapiro
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
Page : 696 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015040704457

Get Book

Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by Luigia Carlucci Aiello,Jon Doyle,Stuart Charles Shapiro Pdf

Author : Bernhard Nebel,Charles Rich,William R. Swartout
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
Page : 834 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Computers
ISBN : STANFORD:36105008895216

Get Book

Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning by Bernhard Nebel,Charles Rich,William R. Swartout Pdf

Stringently reviewed papers presented at the October 1992 meeting held in Cambridge, Mass., address such topics as nonmonotonic logic; taxonomic logic; specialized algorithms for temporal, spatial, and numerical reasoning; and knowledge representation issues in planning, diagnosis, and natural langu