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Author : Gela Gamqreliże
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Colchis
ISBN : 9789941045653
Author : Eberhard Sauer
Publisher : Oxbow Books
Page : 1688 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781789251937
The Huns, invading through Dariali Gorge on the modern-day border between Russia and Georgia in AD 395 and 515, spread terror across the late antique world. Was this the prelude to the apocalypse? Prophecies foresaw a future Hunnic onslaught, via the same mountain pass, bringing about the end of the world. Humanity’s fate depended on a gated barrier deep in Europe’s highest and most forbidding mountain chain. Centuries before the emergence of such apocalyptic beliefs, the gorge had reached world fame. It was the target of a planned military expedition by the Emperor Nero. Chained to the dramatic sheer cliffs, framing the narrow passage, the mythical fire-thief Prometheus suffered severe punishment, his liver devoured by an eagle. It was known under multiple names, most commonly the Caspian or Alan Gates. Featuring in the works of literary giants, no other mountain pass in the ancient and medieval world matches Dariali’s fame. Yet little was known about the materiality of this mythical place. A team of archaeologists has now shed much new light on the major gorge-blocking fort and a barrier wall on a steep rocky ridge further north. The walls still standing today were built around the time of the first major Hunnic invasion in the late fourth century – when the Caucasus defences feature increasingly prominently in negotiations between the Great Powers of Persia and Rome. In its endeavour to strongly fortify the strategic mountain pass through the Central Caucasus, the workforce erased most traces of earlier occupation. The Persian-built bastion saw heavy occupation for 600 years. Its multi-faith medieval garrison controlled Trans-Caucasian traffic. Everyday objects and human remains reveal harsh living conditions and close connections to the Muslim South, as well as the steppe world of the north. The Caspian Gates explains how a highly strategic rock has played a pivotal role in world history from Classical Antiquity into the twentieth century.
Author : Hyun Jin Kim,Frederik Vervaet,Selim Ferruh Adali
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107190412
A comparative and interdisciplinary study of ancient and medieval Eurasian empires using historical, philological and archaeological evidence.
Author : Raoul McLaughlin
Publisher : Pen and Sword
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781473889811
A fascinating history of the intricate web of trade routes connecting ancient Rome to Eastern civilizations, including its powerful rival, the Han Empire. The Roman Empire and the Silk Routes investigates the trade routes between Rome and the powerful empires of inner Asia, including the Parthian Empire of ancient Persia, and the Kushan Empire which seized power in Bactria (Afghanistan), laying claim to the Indus Kingdoms. Further chapters examine the development of Palmyra as a leading caravan city on the edge of Roman Syria. Raoul McLaughlin also delves deeply into Rome’s trade ventures through the Tarim territories, which led its merchants to the Han Empire of ancient China. Having established a system of Central Asian trade routes known as the Silk Road, the Han carried eastern products as far as Persia and the frontiers of the Roman Empire. Though they were matched in scale, the Han surpassed its European rival in military technology. The first book to address these subjects in a single comprehensive study, The Roman Empire and the Silk Routes explores Rome’s impact on the ancient world economy and reveals what the Chinese and Romans knew about their rival Empires.
Author : Ilkka Syvänne
Publisher : Pen and Sword
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-30
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781526745224
“An unusual history of an unusual soldier of Rome who rose to Emperor . . . an engaging history of a fascinating subject—Very Highly Recommended.” —Firetrench This is the only fully illustrated military life of the Emperor Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (253-268). Considered the most blatantly military man of all of the soldier emperors of the third century, Gallienus is the emperor in Harry Sidebottom’s bestselling Warrior of Rome novels. Gallienus faced more simultaneous usurpations and foreign invasions than any other emperor, but somehow he managed to survive. Dr. Ilkka Syvanne explains how this was possible. It was largely thanks to the untiring efforts of Gallienus that the Roman Empire survived for another 1,200 years. Gallienus was a notorious libertarian, womanizer, and cross-dresser, but he was also a fearless warrior, duelist and general all at the same time. This monograph explains why he was loved by the soldiers, yet so intensely hated by some officers that they killed him in a conspiracy. The year 2018 was the 1,800th anniversary of Gallienus’ date of birth and the 1,750th anniversary of his date of death. The Reign of Gallienus celebrates the life and times of this great man. “A beautiful book that investigates the life and works of an emperor undervalued by the ‘general public’ but who deserves to be known for his military and historical legacy.” —Old Barbed Wire Blog
Author : David Braund
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Colchis
ISBN : 0198144733
The first full history of ancient Georgia ever to be written outside Georgia itself, this book also serves as a valuable introduction to the substantial archaeological work that has been carried out there in recent decades. Designed to open up ancient Georgia for the world of scholarship at large, it is not only a history of a neglected region, but also a sustained attempt to inform topics and issues that are more familiar to the historians of antiquity. Examples include myths of the periphery; Caucasian mountains and their passes; Greek colonization; the Persian, Athenian, and Selecuid empires; Pompey's conquest of Mithridates' empire; the development of the Roman frontier in the eastern Black Sea region; Roman diplomacy in Iberia; the Christianization of Iberia; Sassanian ambitions in Transcaucasia; and Byzantine warfare there.
Author : Otar Lordkipanidze
Publisher : Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden gmbh
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : History
ISBN : 3515072713
`Phasis' is mentioned in Greek, Roman and Byzantine sources, referring to one of the largest and best known rivers, and an associated city, in Colchis on the Black Sea littoral. Lordkipanidze refers to linguistic and archaeological evidence and to legends about the foundation of the city and its gods, in assessing the origins of Phasis and the arrival of Greek colonisers in the 8th century BC. This study throws light on more general relationships between Greek colonies and the existing population and their traditions.
Author : Donald Rayfield
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136825361
The first comprehensive and objective history of the literature of Georgia, revealed to be unique among those of the former Byzantine and Russian empires, both in its quality and its 1500 years' history. It is examined in the context of the extraordinarily diverse influences which affected it - from Greek and Persian to Russian and modern European literature, and the folklore of the Caucasus.
Author : John Boardman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Gems
ISBN : LCCN:68025501
Author : David Lordkipanidze
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-30
Category : Art
ISBN : 1785512978
* Professor David Lordkipanidze, Director of the Georgian National Museum (GNM) in Tibilisi, illuminates his personal highlights from the collection with his considerable expertise * The GNM tells the story of Georgia's history from the Bronze Age to the early 20th century * The first Georgian addition to Scala's successful Director's Choice series Established in 2004, the Georgian National Museum (GNM) in Tbilisi encompasses 20 museums and cultural institutions. The main site tells the story of Georgia's history from the Bronze Age to the early 20th century. It's the story of 'The Land of the Golden Fleece' - the ancient Kingdom of Colchis, whose ingenious gold, silver and precious stonework can be seen in the Treasury. The Greek, Ottoman and Iranian Influence visible in many of the treasures is testament to Georgia's role as a crossroads through the centuries. The GNM also records Georgia's modern history, tracing the rise of a united Georgian state, how it resisted Soviet Occupation and survived the Red Terror. However, perhaps most significantly of all, here visitors can come face-to-face with the earliest homonid known to have left Africa - a 1.8 million-year-old discovery made by the GNM's Director, Professor David Lordkipanidze, that has rewritten our understanding of early European humanity. In this beautifully illustrated book, Professor Lordkipanidze illuminates his personal highlights from the collection with his considerable expertise.
Author : Igor V. Bondyrev,Zurab V. Davitashvili,Vijay P. Singh
Publisher : Springer
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319054131
This book discusses the political and economic history and geography of Georgia, the problems it has faced, and how it has overcome and is still overcoming them. In most countries, at the end of the 20th century the successful resolution of social-economic, political, demographic and ecological problems was largely dependent on effectively protecting the population and economic assets from natural disasters and on ensuring conditions for their sustainable development. These problems are most acute in mountainous regions like Georgia, where the unplanned development of natural ecosystems has had drastic consequences. It is therefore necessary to understand not only the probability of changing conditions (natural as well as political and demographic), but also the probability of the resulting economic losses. The book is divided into four sections; historical and political geography, geological processes, ecological processes and developmental geography. In the historical and political geography section the authors present a detailed discussion on ancient history, historical and political geography, ethnic groups and religions, demographics and socio-cultural geography. The geological processes section contains information on geology, geodynamical processes, glacial and periglacial processes. The ecological processes section examines a variety of landscapes and ecosystems, aspects of deforestation, reforestation and desertification along with anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The developmental geography section looks at different economies, natural resources, sustainable development and climate change.
Author : Stephen H. Rapp Jr
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317016717
Georgian literary sources for Late Antiquity are commonly held to be later productions devoid of historical value. As a result, scholarship outside the Republic of Georgia has privileged Graeco-Roman and even Armenian narratives. However, when investigated within the dual contexts of a regional literary canon and the active participation of Caucasia’s diverse peoples in the Iranian Commonwealth, early Georgian texts emerge as a rich repository of late antique attitudes and outlooks. Georgian hagiographical and historiographical compositions open a unique window onto a northern part of the Sasanian world that, while sharing striking affinities with the Iranian heartland, was home to vibrant, cosmopolitan cultures that developed along their own trajectories. In these sources, precise and accurate information about the core of the Sasanian Empire-and before it, Parthia and Achaemenid Persia-is sparse; yet the thorough structuring of wider Caucasian society along Iranian and especially hybrid Iranic lines is altogether evident. Scrutiny of these texts reveals, inter alia, that the Old Georgian language is saturated with words drawn from Parthian and Middle Persian, a trait shared with Classical Armenian; that Caucasian society, like its Iranian counterpart, was dominated by powerful aristocratic houses, many of whose origins can be traced to Iran itself; and that the conception of kingship in the eastern Georgian realm of K’art’li (Iberia), even centuries after the royal family’s Christianisation in the 320s and 330s, was closely aligned with Arsacid and especially Sasanian models. There is also a literary dimension to the Irano-Caucasian nexus, aspects of which this volume exposes for the first time. The oldest surviving specimens of Georgian historiography exhibit intriguing parallels to the lost Sasanian Xwadāy-nāmag, The Book of Kings, one of the precursors to Ferdowsī’s Shāhnāma. As tangible products of the dense cross-cultural web drawing the re
Author : Stephen H. Rapp
Publisher : Peeters Publishers
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Georgia (Republic)
ISBN : 9042913185
Original literature first appeared among the indigenous population of Caucasia in the fifth century AD as a consequence of its Christianization. Though a number of Armenian histories were composed at this time, several centuries elapsed before the Georgians created their own. But how many centuries? Through a meticulous investigation of internal textual criteria, Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography challenges the traditional eleventh-century dating of the oldest Georgian narrative histories and probes their interrelationships. Illuminating Caucasia's status as a cultural crossroads, it reveals the myriad Eurasian influences - written and oral, Christian and non-Christian - on these "pre-Bagratid" histories produced between the seventh and the ninth century. Eastern Georgia's place in the Eurasian world and its long-standing connection to the Iranian Commonwealth are specially highlighted. This volume also examines several related historical and historiographical problems of the early Bagratid period and supplies critical translations of six early Georgian histories previously unavailable in English. Dr. Stephen H. Rapp, Jr. is Assistant Professor of History at Georgia State University, Atlanta (USA), and is the Founding Director of its Program in World History and Cultures.
Author : Christina Maranci
Publisher : Brepols Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Architecture, Armenian
ISBN : 2503549004
This book opens to the reader the world of early medieval Armenia: its sacred landscapes, striking churches, and rich literary and religious traditions. Examination of three sculpted and inscribed monuments, produced during the global wars of the seventh century, demonstrates the close engagement of Armenia with Byzantine imperial interests and with contemporary events in the Holy Land. The dramatic context of the military frontier, and the apocalyptic expectations of its contemporaries, shaped a vibrant visual culture with ties to both the Byzantine and Sasanian worlds. The seventh-century monuments of Armenia are important not just as an extraordinary moment of local cultural production; they fill a crucial gap in our knowledge about the medieval traditions of the Christian East at a time from which little survives from Constantinople and the imperial heartland. East of Rome, North of Jerusalem is the first English-language book devoted to the subject.
Author : Henri J. M. Claessen,Peter Skalnik
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 705 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-11-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783110813326
