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Author : John F. Cady
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Advertising
ISBN : UOM:39015019110520
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Defense contracts
ISBN : STANFORD:36105119550486
Author : James Milton Ferguson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 088410253X
Author : Vasiliki Kosta
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-11-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781782258971
This book attempts to systematise the present interrelationship between fundamental rights and the EU internal market in the field of positive integration. Its intention is simple: to examine the way in which, and the extent to which, fundamental rights protection is realised through EU internal market legislation. To that end, the analysis is conducted around four rights or sets of rights: data protection, freedom of expression, fundamental labour rights and the right to health. The book assesses not only what substantive level of protection is achieved for these fundamental rights, but it also estimates whether there is a 'fundamental rights culture' that informs current legislative practice. Finally, it asks the overarching question whether the current state of harmonisation amounts to a 'fundamental rights policy'. The book offers a much more varied picture of the EU's fundamental rights policy in and through the EU internal market than perhaps initially expected. Moreover, it builds the case for a more conscious approach to dealing with and enhancing fundamental rights protection in and through internal market legislation, and advocates a leading role for the legislature in the establishment of an internal market that is firmly based on respect for fundamental rights.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1150 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : United States
ISBN : SRLF:AA0002078780
Author : Bernadette Zelger
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783031313394
This book offers an in-depth legal analysis concerning the notion of restrictions of competition, be it by object restrictions according to Article 101 TFEU or prima facie abusive practices treated according to the form-based approach under Article 102 TFEU. Although extensive research has been conducted on the notion of object infringements of competition, there is no systematic review of this topic covering both competition provisions, namely Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. This book fills that gap by providing an extensive analysis of the relevant case law, while also covering new phenomena stemming from the digital revolution and its impact on the functioning of traditional markets. In this regard, particular attention is paid to the concept of prima facie infringements and the analysis necessary for their successful establishment. Object restrictions and object abuses are not infringements per se in the sense that they can be established in the abstract and without consideration of the actual legal and economic context (context analysis) within which a measure is implemented. Hence, the indispensable context analysis is informed by the potential economic effects of a given measure. Examining the changes regarding the economic reality and how markets work in the digital economy, this book makes a valuable contribution to the current debate about whether our competition law toolkit is fit and proper to deal with the challenges posed by digitalization. The author argues that while there is a coherent framework covering both Treaty competition provisions as regards object restrictions of competition, the increased use of an actual effect analysis and thus the concept of a restriction of competition by effect represents an underestimated (and underused) weapon for combating measures that are ambivalent from a competition law perspective as regards their (anticompetitive or non-detrimental) nature in a digital economy.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Monopoly
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 872 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Drugs
ISBN : PURD:32754077836009
Author : Gupta Ruchi
Publisher : S. Chand Publishing
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9788121940016
Introduction To Adverstising | Role Of Advestising In Marketing Mix | Advertising As A Communicaion Tool | Types Of Advertising | Advestising Campaign | Advestising Objectives | Advertising Budget | Advertising Message Decisions | Creative Side Of Advertising | Advertising Appeals | Celebrity Endorsements | Mascots | Media Decisons | Types Of Media | Online Advertising | Measuring Advertising Effectiveness | Advertising Agncies | Legal Aspects Of Advertising In India | Ethical Issues In Advertising | Advertising Standards Council Of India | Surrogate Advertising In India | Comparative Advertising In India | Additional Case Studies | Advertising Glossary
Author : Damien Gerard,Massimo Merola,Bernd Meyring
Publisher : Bruylant
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9782802757559
The transformations induced by the process of “modernisation”, including in its substantive dimension, as well as recent judgments by the EU Courts, have left many lawyers and economists wary as to the standards actually governing findings of antitrust infringement under EU competition law, thereby affecting their ability to advise businesses effectively on the design of their commercial practices. While not ignoring institutional constraints, this volume revisits the notion of restriction of competition in the framework of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU with a view to taking stock of recent developments, to identifying common trends and to informing the application of core EU antitrust principles in current market contexts. Associating lawyers and economists, practitioners and academics, it seeks both to revisit long-standing theories of harm to competition and to explore novel forms of antitrust concerns.
Author : Hans-W Micklitz
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509944859
This book analyses the founding years of consumer law and consumer policy in Europe. It combines two dimensions: the making of national consumer law and the making of European consumer law, and how both are intertwined. The chapters on Germany, Italy, the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom serve to explain the economic and the political background which led to different legal and policy approaches in the then old Member States from the 1960s onwards. The chapter on Poland adds a different layer, the one of a former socialist country with its own consumer law and how joining the EU affected consumer law at the national level. The making of European consumer law started in the 1970s rather cautiously, but gradually the European Commission took an ever stronger position in promoting not only European consumer law but also in supporting the building of the European Consumer Organisation (BEUC), the umbrella organisation of the national consumer bodies. The book unites the early protagonists who were involved in the making of consumer law in Europe: Guido Alpa, Ludwig Krämer, Ewa Letowska, Hans-W Micklitz, Klaus Tonner, Iain Ramsay, and Thomas Wilhelmsson, supported by the younger generation Aneta Wiewiórowska Domagalska, Mateusz Grochowski, and Koen Docter, who reconstructs the history of BEUC. Niklas Olsen and Thomas Roethe analyse the construction of this policy field from a historical and sociological perspective. This book offers a unique opportunity to understand a legal and political field, that of consumer law and policy, which plays a fundamental role in our contemporary societies.
Author : W. Kip Viscusi,Joseph E. Harrington, Jr.,David E. M. Sappington
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1001 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262038065
A thoroughly revised and updated edition of the leading textbook on government and business policy, presenting the key principles underlying sound regulatory and antitrust policy. Regulation and antitrust are key elements of government policy. This new edition of the leading textbook on government and business policy explains how the latest theoretical and empirical economic tools can be employed to analyze pressing regulatory and antitrust issues. The book departs from the common emphasis on institutions, focusing instead on the relevant underlying economic issues, using state-of-the-art analysis to assess the appropriate design of regulatory and antitrust policy. Extensive case studies illustrate fundamental principles and provide insight on key issues in regulation and antitrust policy. This fifth edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, reflecting both the latest developments in economic analysis and recent economic events. The text examines regulatory practices through the end of the Obama and beginning of the Trump administrations. New material includes coverage of global competition and the activities of the European Commission; recent mergers, including Comcast-NBC Universal; antitrust in the new economy, including investigations into Microsoft and Google; the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the Dodd-Frank Act; the FDA approval process; climate change policies; and behavioral economics as a tool for designing regulatory strategies.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1348 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Administrative law
ISBN : UOM:39015023134276
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Defense
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 684 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1962
Category : Electronic
ISBN : IND:30000088101419
Author : Anna Olimpia,Ricardo Motta
Publisher : Editora Singular
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2023-11-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9786586352955
The proliferation of economic agents with market power, especially those operating in the digital economy and which add unprecedented dynamic and complexity to it, has sparked heated discussions among academics, professionals, and competition authorities around the world regarding the effects of their actions on the market and consumers. Unlike classic cartels – a conduct that has been treated as per se unlawful in Brazil, regardless of the production of effects under Brazilian competition law – unilateral conduct falls into a gray area, encompassing different practices with different effects on the market. In this sense, examples of unilateral conduct that may be considered anticompetitive are numerous, both under old and new labels: predatory pricing, abusive pricing, resale price maintenance, imposition of exclusivities, parity clauses, price discrimination, discrimination of commercial conditions (self-preferencing), price squeeze, refusal to deal, among others. The competition analysis of such conduct – which may occur in traditional "brick and mortar" markets as well as in digital environments involving various platforms and arrangements like blockchain – for the purpose of a decision by the authority on whether they constitute anticompetitive practices or not, involves a highly complex analysis of various factors. The analysis must consider the presence of dominant positions, real or potential detrimental effects on competition, efficiencies, justifications, economic rationale for the conduct, and, for some schools of thought, a weighing of anticompetitive effects and efficiencies. Due to the complexity, specificities, and dynamism of unilateral practices, especially in digital markets or hybrid digital platforms, there is a question of whether the instruments currently available to competition authorities are sufficient to understand and rule on such practices. In this regard, the analysis of various cases in relatively recent jurisprudence shows a pursuit for new forms of interpretation and application, and even updates, to the methodologies of analysis and of applicable legislation, in order to strike a balance between intervention to curb anticompetitive practices to the extent necessary for protecting competition, without resulting on undue interference in the involved markets or on disincentives to innovation. Historically, discussions about exclusivity clauses and resale price maintenance have been central in this type of investigation, but digital platforms are effectively changing this landscape, giving rise to discussions on new types of conduct or more sophisticated forms of implementing traditional types of conduct, which have become possible or potentially more serious through new technologies, the broad reach of platforms, the collection of massive data, and the international nature of the largest players in these markets. Notions of relevant market, theories of harm, and standards of consumer welfare or protection traditionally adopted by antitrust authorities are under study and may be revised. The heterogeneity of legal systems in different jurisdictions is another complicating factor for national authorities in the analysis of conduct practiced by companies with market power internationally. All these analyses are present in the 25 articles written for this publication by IBRAC. We have articles focused on traditional methods of analysis in traditional markets, as well as articles addressing new trends and recent discussions in digital markets and platforms. In times of pandemic and economic crisis, as expected, approaches to prices and pricing strategies are recurring themes in the works compiled here.
Author : Ireland. Restrictive Practices Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Conveyancing
ISBN : OCLC:314627273