Retaliate

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9811446040

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Retaliate by Anonim Pdf

Author : Chad P. Bown,Joost Pauwelyn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 693 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521119979

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The Law, Economics and Politics of Retaliation in WTO Dispute Settlement by Chad P. Bown,Joost Pauwelyn Pdf

A critical assessment of trade retaliation in the WTO by academics, diplomats and practitioners involved in such actions.

Author : Michelle Limenta
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509900022

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WTO Retaliation by Michelle Limenta Pdf

The central point of this book concerns three main issues: the problems of WTO retaliation, the question of the effectiveness of retaliation, and the purposes of retaliation. WTO retaliation is often deemed ineffective due to its inherited shortcomings. This book highlights the significance in identifying the purposes of retaliation prior to evaluating its effectiveness. Put differently, it refers to the purpose-based approach of effectiveness. It is a common understanding that the purpose of WTO retaliation is to induce compliance. This book, nevertheless, argues in favour of coexistence of the multiple purposes of retaliation, including reaching a mutually agreeable solution. These views are based on the extensive research conducted on the purposes of WTO retaliation, namely through interpreting Article 22 of the DSU; examining the remedies rules within the frameworks of public international law, and law and economics; and assessing the academic writings/debates as well as the statements of arbitrators. Finally, by evaluating a number of disputes involving WTO retaliation, this book demonstrates the reasonableness and soundness of WTO retaliation in light of its multiple purposes.

Author : Davide Furceri,Mr. Jonathan David Ostry,Mr. Chris Papageorgiou,Pauline Wibaux
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-05-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400241109

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Retaliation Through Temporary Trade Barriers by Davide Furceri,Mr. Jonathan David Ostry,Mr. Chris Papageorgiou,Pauline Wibaux Pdf

Are Temporary Trade Barriers (TTBs) introduced for strategic reasons? To answer this question, we construct a novel sectoral measure of retaliation using daily bilateral data on TTB responses in 1220 subsectors across a panel of 25 advanced and emerging market economies over 1989-2019. Stylized facts and econometric analysis suggest that within-year responses are more important in terms of intensity and frequency than commonly understood from the existing literature, which has tended to ignore them. We find that retaliation often consists of responses across many sectors and that same-sector retaliation is far from being the norm. In addition, we find that larger countries tend to retaliate more, and that retaliation is larger during periods of higher unemployment and when the trading partner targeted a domestic comparative advantage sector.

Author : David P. Barash,Judith Eve Lipton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0199752982

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Payback by David P. Barash,Judith Eve Lipton Pdf

From the child taunted by her playmates to the office worker who feels stifled in his daily routine, people frequently take out their pain and anger on others, even those who had nothing to do with the original stress. The bullied child may kick her puppy, the stifled worker yells at his children: Payback can be directed anywhere, sometimes at inanimate things, animals, or other people. In Payback, the husband-and wife team of evolutionary biologist David Barash and psychiatrist Judith Lipton offer an illuminating look at this phenomenon, showing how it has evolved, why it occurs, and what we can do about it. Retaliation and revenge are well known to most people. We all know what it is like to want to get even, get justice, or take revenge. What is new in this book is an extended discussion of redirected aggression, which occurs not only in people but other species as well. The authors reveal that it's not just a matter of yelling at your spouse "because" your boss yells at you. Indeed, the phenomenon of redirected aggression--so-called to differentiate it from retaliation and revenge, the other main forms of payback--haunts our criminal courts, our streets, our battlefields, our homes, and our hearts. It lurks behind some of the nastiest and seemingly inexplicable things that otherwise decent people do, from road rage to yelling at a crying baby. And it exists across boundaries of every kind--culture, time, geography, and even species. Indeed, it's not just a human phenomenon. Passing pain to others can be seen in birds and horses, fish and primates--in virtually all vertebrates. It turns out that there is robust neurobiological hardware and software promoting redirected aggression, as well as evolutionary underpinnings. Payback may be natural, the authors conclude, but we are capable of rising above it, without sacrificing self-esteem and social status. They show how the various human responses to pain and suffering can be managed--mindfully, carefully, and humanely.

Author : Bertram Turner,Günther Schlee
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-04-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781785334191

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On Retaliation by Bertram Turner,Günther Schlee Pdf

Retaliation is associated with all forms of social and political organization, and retaliatory logics inform many different conflict resolution procedures from consensual settlement to compensation to violent escalations. This book derives a concept of retaliation from the overall notion of reciprocity, defining retaliation as the human disposition to strive for a reactive balancing of conflicts and injustices. On Retaliation presents a synthesized approach to both the violence-generating and violence-avoiding potentials of retaliation. Contributors to this volume touch upon the interaction between retaliation and violence, the state’s monopoly on legitimate punishment and the factors of socio-political frameworks, religious interpretations and economic processes.

Author : Nuno Limão,Kamal Saggi
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Barreras comerciales
ISBN : 9780060324162

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Tariff Retaliation Versus Financial Compensation in the Enforcement of International Trade Agreements by Nuno Limão,Kamal Saggi Pdf

"The authors analyze whether financial compensation is preferable to the current system of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization that permits member countries to impose retaliatory tariffs in response to trade violations committed by other members. They show that monetary fines are more efficient than tariffs in terms of granting compensation to injured parties when there are violations in equilibrium. However, fines suffer from an enforcement problem since they must be paid by the violating country. If fines must ultimately be supported by the threat of retaliatory tariffs, they fail to yield a more cooperative outcome than the current system. The authors also consider the use of bonds as a means of settling disputes. If bonds can be posted with a third party, they do not have to be supported by retaliatory tariffs and can improve the negotiating position of countries that are too small to threaten tariff retaliation. "--World Bank web site.

Author : Lorien Foote
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781469665283

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Rites of Retaliation by Lorien Foote Pdf

During the Civil War, Union and Confederate politicians, military commanders, everyday soldiers, and civilians claimed their approach to the conflict was civilized, in keeping with centuries of military tradition meant to restrain violence and preserve national honor. One hallmark of civilized warfare was a highly ritualized approach to retaliation. This ritual provided a forum to accuse the enemy of excessive behavior, to negotiate redress according to the laws of war, and to appeal to the judgment of other civilized nations. As the war progressed, Northerners and Southerners feared they were losing their essential identity as civilized, and the attention to retaliation grew more intense. When Black soldiers joined the Union army in campaigns in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, raiding plantations and liberating enslaved people, Confederates argued the war had become a servile insurrection. And when Confederates massacred Black troops after battle, killed white Union foragers after capture, and used prisoners of war as human shields, Federals thought their enemy raised the black flag and embraced savagery. Blending military and cultural history, Lorien Foote's rich and insightful book sheds light on how Americans fought over what it meant to be civilized and who should be extended the protections of a civilized world.

Author : Madeleine Merkx
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-08-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041148223

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Retaliation in the WTO Dispute Settlement System by Madeleine Merkx Pdf

Drawing on EU VAT implementing regulations, ECJ case law, and national case law, this ground-breaking book provides the first in-depth, coherent legal analysis of how the massively changed circumstances of the last two decades affect the EU VAT Directive, in particular the interpretation of its four specified types of establishment: place of establishment, fixed establishment, permanent address, and usual residence. Recognising that a consistent interpretation of types of establishment is of the utmost importance in ensuring avoidance of double or non-taxation, the author sheds clear light on such VAT issues as the following: ; the concept of fair distribution of taxing powers in VAT; role of the neutrality principle; legal certainty in VAT; place of business for a legal entity or partnership, for a natural person, for a VAT group; beginning and ending of a fixed establishment; the ‘purchase’ fixed establishment; meaning of ‘permanent address’ and ‘usual residence’; the position of the VAT entrepreneur with more than one fixed establishment across jurisdictions; whether supplies exchanged between establishments are taxable; administrative simplicity and efficiency; VAT audits and the prevention of fraud; the intervention rule and the reverse charge mechanism; right to deduct VAT for businesses with multiple establishments; and cross-border VAT grouping and fixed establishment. Thoroughly explained are exceptions that take precedence over the general rules, such as provisions regarding: immovable property; transport services; services relating to cultural, artistic, sporting, scientific, educational, entertainment, or similar activities; restaurant and catering services; electronically supplied services; transfers and assignments of intellectual property rights; advertising services; certain consulting services; banking, financial and insurance transactions; natural gas and electricity distribution; telecommunication services; and broadcasting services. As the first truly authoritative resource on a topic of increasing importance in international tax – a key topic for businesses, tax authorities, tax advisors, and government regulators – this book will be warmly welcomed by all professionals working with taxation in legal practice, business, academe, and government.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Civil service
ISBN : PURD:32754070307503

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Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2001 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary Pdf

Author : Paul M. Secunda,Samuel Estreicher
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 809 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041127723

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Retaliation and Whistleblowers by Paul M. Secunda,Samuel Estreicher Pdf

Each year, the New York University Annual Conference on Labor calls on outstanding scholars and practitioners in the field to come together to survey and analyze new developments and trends in U.S. labor law and practice. This volume reproduces the texts (updated and reworked by the authors) presented at the 2007 Conference, the 60th in this venerable and highly influential series, at which the theme was and“Retaliation and Whistleblowersand” . There could not be a more timely exploration of this complex workplace issue. The United States Supreme Court, in several pending cases and in the recent landmark cases of Burlington Northern v. White and Garcetti v. Ceballos, has turned its full attention to workplace retaliation claims. States and municipalities also continue to struggle in laying out the scope of permissible claims under state constitutional and statutory whistleblower provisions and under the common law of wrongful discharge. Among the new and significant issues considered in this volume are the following: new limits on the scope of the cause of action in the wake of Burlington Northern; implied protection of employee activity under ADEA and the FLSA; the scope of and“protected activityand” under and§ 806 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; issues of privilege when investigation counsel are used to inform corporate decision-making; state whistleblower laws and the expansion or preemption of common law protections under the common law tort of wrongful discharge; NLRA protection of collective protests by non-union workers; and potential expansion of the formal definition of and“jobsand” under Garcetti v. Ceballos to foreclose the first amendment avenue. Besides papers by panelists at the Conference, ten other leading practitioners and academics also provide commentary in this volume. As always, this important annual publication offers definitive current scholarship in its theme area of labor and employment law. As such, it will be of inestimable value to practitioners, government officials, academics and others interested in developments in U.S. employment and labor relations law and practice.

Author : M. N. Forgy
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-20
Category : Erotic stories
ISBN : 1545514712

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Retaliate by M. N. Forgy Pdf

Being the Vice President of the Sin City Outlaws Motorcycle Club comes with its perks.Respect, power, and easy women whenever I want. I have control in everything I do.Because of that, I wasn't expecting my president to put me on babysitting duty, and on a female cop of all fucking people. I kill law enforcement, not protect them. Alessandra pretends to be the good-guy hiding behind that shiny badge. But I see the darkness dancing in her eyes, and it draws me to her in the worst way. I want to devour that act of innocence, pull her over the line of justice, and into my bed.I just wasn't expecting the handful of secrets I got behind that badge of honor I ripped from her chest. Because now, we're retaliating against a common enemy together.This is book 3 in the Sin City Outlaws MC series. It is recommended you read Reign, and Mercy before Retaliate. Enjoy.

Author : Gordon Zerbe
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-29
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781474230353

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Non-Retaliation in Early Jewish and New Testament Texts by Gordon Zerbe Pdf

This study examines the varieties and continuities of ethical exhortations and ideals in the Jewish and Christian traditions (c. 200 BCE-100 CE) that fall under the rubric of non-retaliation. One of the principal conclusions of this thought-provoking work is that a critical factor in determining the shape of non-retaliatory ethics is whether the exhortation is applied to relations within the local and/or elect community or to relations with oppressors of the elect community. It becomes apparent also that the non-retaliatory ethic of the NT stands solidly in the tradition of non-retaliatory ethics in Early Judaism.

Author : Bert Webber
Publisher : Corvallis : Oregon State University Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105080708345

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Retaliation by Bert Webber Pdf

Author : David P. Barash,Judith Eve Lipton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199753215

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Payback by David P. Barash,Judith Eve Lipton Pdf

From the child taunted by her playmates to the office worker who feels stifled in his daily routine, people frequently take out their pain and anger on others, even those who had nothing to do with the original stress. The bullied child may kick her puppy, the stifled worker yells at his children: Payback can be directed anywhere, sometimes at inanimate things, animals, or other people. In Payback, the husband-and wife team of evolutionary biologist David Barash and psychiatrist Judith Lipton offer an illuminating look at this phenomenon, showing how it has evolved, why it occurs, and what we can do about it. Retaliation and revenge are well known to most people. We all know what it is like to want to get even, get justice, or take revenge. What is new in this book is an extended discussion of redirected aggression, which occurs not only in people but other species as well. The authors reveal that it's not just a matter of yelling at your spouse "because" your boss yells at you. Indeed, the phenomenon of redirected aggression--so-called to differentiate it from retaliation and revenge, the other main forms of payback--haunts our criminal courts, our streets, our battlefields, our homes, and our hearts. It lurks behind some of the nastiest and seemingly inexplicable things that otherwise decent people do, from road rage to yelling at a crying baby. And it exists across boundaries of every kind--culture, time, geography, and even species. Indeed, it's not just a human phenomenon. Passing pain to others can be seen in birds and horses, fish and primates--in virtually all vertebrates. It turns out that there is robust neurobiological hardware and software promoting redirected aggression, as well as evolutionary underpinnings. Payback may be natural, the authors conclude, but we are capable of rising above it, without sacrificing self-esteem and social status. They show how the various human responses to pain and suffering can be managed--mindfully, carefully, and humanely.