Rethinking Moral Status

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Rethinking Moral Status

Steve Clarke,Hazem Zohny,Julian Savulescu
Rethinking Moral Status Book PDF

Author : Steve Clarke,Hazem Zohny,Julian Savulescu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192894076

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Rethinking Moral Status by Steve Clarke,Hazem Zohny,Julian Savulescu Pdf

Common-sense morality implicitly assumes that reasonably clear distinctions can be drawn between the full moral status that is usually attributed to ordinary adult humans, the partial moral status attributed to non-human animals, and the absence of moral status, which is usually ascribed to machines and other artifacts. These implicit assumptions have long been challenged, and are now coming under further scrutiny as there are beings we have recently become able to create, as well as beings that we may soon be able to create, which blur the distinctions between human, non-human animal, and non-biological beings. These beings include non-human chimeras, cyborgs, human brain organoids, post-humans, and human minds that have been uploaded into computers and onto the internet and artificial intelligence. It is far from clear what moral status we should attribute to any of these beings. There are a number of ways we could respond to the new challenges these technological developments raise: we might revise our ordinary assumptions about what is needed for a being to possess full moral status, or reject the assumption that there is a sharp distinction between full and partial moral status. This volume explores such responses, and provides a forum for philosophical reflection about ordinary presuppositions and intuitions about moral status.

Rethinking Moral Status

Steve Clarke,Hazem Zohny,Julian Savulescu
Rethinking Moral Status Book PDF

Author : Steve Clarke,Hazem Zohny,Julian Savulescu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192646415

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Rethinking Moral Status by Steve Clarke,Hazem Zohny,Julian Savulescu Pdf

Common-sense morality implicitly assumes that reasonably clear distinctions can be drawn between the "full" moral status that is usually attributed to ordinary adult humans, the partial moral status attributed to non-human animals, and the absence of moral status, which is usually ascribed to machines and other artifacts. These implicit assumptions have long been challenged, and are now coming under further scrutiny as there are beings we have recently become able to create, as well as beings that we may soon be able to create, which blur the distinctions between human, non-human animal, and non-biological beings. These beings include non-human chimeras, cyborgs, human brain organoids, post-humans, and human minds that have been uploaded into computers and onto the internet and artificial intelligence. It is far from clear what moral status we should attribute to any of these beings. There are a number of ways we could respond to the new challenges these technological developments raise: we might revise our ordinary assumptions about what is needed for a being to possess full moral status, or reject the assumption that there is a sharp distinction between full and partial moral status. This volume explores such responses, and provides a forum for philosophical reflection about ordinary presuppositions and intuitions about moral status.

Rethinking the Value of Humanity

Sarah Buss,Nandi Theunissen
Rethinking the Value of Humanity Book PDF

Author : Sarah Buss,Nandi Theunissen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2023-01-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780197539361

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Rethinking the Value of Humanity by Sarah Buss,Nandi Theunissen Pdf

To treat some human beings as less worthy of concern and respect than others is to lose sight of their humanity. But what does this moral blindness amount to? What are we missing when we fail to appreciate the value of humanity? The essays in this volume offer a wide range of competing, yet overlapping, answers to these questions. Some essays examine influential views in the history of Western philosophy. In others, philosophers currently working in ethics develop and defend their own views. Some essays appeal to distinctively human capacities. Others argue that our obligations to one another are ultimately grounded in self-interest, or certain shared interests, or our natural sociability. The philosophers featured here disagree about whether the value of human beings depends on the value of anything else. They disagree about how reason and rationality relate to this value, and even about whether we can reason our way to discovering it. This rich selection of proposals encourages us to rethink some of our own deepest assumptions about the moral significance of being human.

Consciousness and Moral Status

Joshua Shepherd
Consciousness and Moral Status Book PDF

Author : Joshua Shepherd
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781315396323

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Consciousness and Moral Status by Joshua Shepherd Pdf

It seems obvious that phenomenally conscious experience is something of great value, and that this value maps onto a range of important ethical issues. For example, claims about the value of life for those in Permanent Vegetative State (PVS); debates about treatment and study of disorders of consciousness; controversies about end-of-life care for those with advanced dementia; and arguments about the moral status of embryos, fetuses, and non-human animals arguably turn on the moral significance of various facts about consciousness. However, though work has been done on the moral significance of elements of consciousness, such as pain and pleasure, little explicit attention has been devoted to the ethical significance of consciousness. In this book Joshua Shepherd presents a systematic account of the value present within conscious experience. This account emphasizes not only the nature of consciousness, but also the importance of items within experience such as affect, valence, and the complex overall shape of particular valuable experiences. Shepherd also relates this account to difficult cases involving non-humans and humans with disorders of consciousness, arguing that the value of consciousness influences and partially explains the degree of moral status a being possesses, without fully determining it. The upshot is a deeper understanding of both the moral importance of phenomenal consciousness and its relations to moral status. This book will be of great interest to philosophers and students of ethics, bioethics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science.

Rethinking the Good

Larry S. Temkin
Rethinking the Good Book PDF

Author : Larry S. Temkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190233716

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Rethinking the Good by Larry S. Temkin Pdf

In choosing between moral alternatives -- choosing between various forms of ethical action -- we typically make calculations of the following kind: A is better than B; B is better than C; therefore A is better than C. These inferences use the principle of transitivity and are fundamental to many forms of practical and theoretical theorizing, not just in moral and ethical theory but in economics. Indeed they are so common as to be almost invisible. What Larry Temkin's book shows is that, shockingly, if we want to continue making plausible judgments, we cannot continue to make these assumptions. Temkin shows that we are committed to various moral ideals that are, surprisingly, fundamentally incompatible with the idea that "better than" can be transitive. His book develops many examples where value judgments that we accept and find attractive, are incompatible with transitivity. While this might seem to leave two options -- reject transitivity, or reject some of our normative commitments in order to keep it -- Temkin is neutral on which path to follow, only making the case that a choice is necessary, and that the cost either way will be high. Temkin's book is a very original and deeply unsettling work of skeptical philosophy that mounts an important new challenge to contemporary ethics.

Moral Status

Mary Anne Warren
Moral Status Book PDF

Author : Mary Anne Warren
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1997-11-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191588150

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Moral Status by Mary Anne Warren Pdf

Mary Anne Warren explores a theoretical question which lies at the heart of practical ethics: what are the criteria for having moral status? In other words, what are the criteria for being an entity towards which people have moral obligations? Some philosophers maintain that there is one intrinsic property—for instance, life, sentience, humanity, or moral agency. Others believe that relational properties, such as belonging to a human community, are more important. In Part I of the book, Warren argues that no single property can serve as the sole criterion for moral status; instead, life, sentience, moral agency, and social and biotic relationships are all relevant, each in a different way. She presents seven basic principles, each focusing on a property that can, in combination with others, legitimately affect an agent's moral obligations towards entities of a given type. In Part II, these principles are applied in an examination of three controversial ethical issues: voluntary euthanasia, abortion

Moral Status and Human Life

James G. Dwyer
Moral Status and Human Life Book PDF

Author : James G. Dwyer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2010-10-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781139493185

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Moral Status and Human Life by James G. Dwyer Pdf

Are children of equal, lesser, or perhaps even greater moral importance than adults? This work of applied moral philosophy develops a comprehensive account of how adults as moral agents ascribe moral status to beings - ourselves and others - and on the basis of that account identifies multiple criteria for having moral status. It argues that proper application of those criteria should lead us to treat children as of greater moral importance than adults. This conclusion presents a basis for critiquing existing social practices, many of which implicitly presuppose that children occupy an inferior status, and for suggesting how government policy, law, and social life might be different if it reflected an assumption that children are actually of superior status.

Rethinking Peter Singer

Gordon R. Preece
Rethinking Peter Singer Book PDF

Author : Gordon R. Preece
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0830826823

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Rethinking Peter Singer by Gordon R. Preece Pdf

Who is Peter Singer?What does he say about issues like abortion, infanticide, euthanasia and animal rights? What does he say about Christianity? What exactly is his philosophy?"Peter Singer is probably the world's most famous or infamous contemporary philosopher," says Gordon Preece. Recently appointed as professor of bioethics at Princeton University's Center for Human Values, Singer is best known for his book on animal rights, Animal Liberation, and for his philosophical text Practical Ethics. But underneath his seemingly benign agenda lies perhaps the most radical challenge to Christian ethics proposed in recent times.In Rethinking Peter Singer four of Singer's contemporaries, fellow Australian scholars Gordon Preece, Graham Cole, Lindsay Wilson and Andrew Sloane, grapple with Singer's views respectfully but incisively. From a straightforwardly Christian perspective, they critique Singer's thought in four major areas: abortion and infanticide, euthanasia, animal rights, and Christianity.Rethinking Peter Singer is not only for those who want to understand Singer's views but also for all who want to challenge the thinking that more and more informs our society's stance on moral issues.

Asian Perspectives on Animal Ethics

Neil Dalal,Chloë Taylor
Asian Perspectives on Animal Ethics Book PDF

Author : Neil Dalal,Chloë Taylor
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-16
Category : Pets
ISBN : 9781317749950

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Asian Perspectives on Animal Ethics by Neil Dalal,Chloë Taylor Pdf

To date, philosophical discussions of animal ethics and Critical Animal Studies have been dominated by Western perspectives and Western thinkers. This book makes a novel contribution to animal ethics in showing the range and richness of ideas offered to these fields by diverse Asian traditions. Asian Perspectives on Animal Ethics is the first of its kind to include the intersection of Asian and European traditions with respect to human and nonhuman relations. Presenting a series of studies focusing on specific Asian traditions, as well as studies that put those traditions in dialogue with Western thinkers, this book looks at Asian philosophical doctrines concerning compassion and nonviolence as these apply to nonhuman animals, as well as the moral rights and status of nonhuman animals in Asian traditions. Using Asian perspectives to explore ontological, ethical and political questions, contributors analyze humanism and post-humanism in Asian and comparative traditions and offer insight into the special ethical relations between humans and other particular species of animals. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian religion and philosophy, as well as to those interested in animal ethics and Critical Animal Studies.

What Is a Person?

Christian Smith
What Is a Person Book PDF

Author : Christian Smith
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 529 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-11-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226765945

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What Is a Person? by Christian Smith Pdf

The task of understanding human beings, what we ourselves are, our constitution and condition, is a perennial problem in philosophy and related disciplines. Smith argues here that our understanding of human persons is threatened by technological development and capricious academic theories alike, seeking to deny or relativize the personhood of humanity. Smith's book puts a stake in the ground, in defense of a view of the human that is genuinely humanistic in the traditional sense and capable of sustaining with intellectual coherence things like modern human rights and universal benevolence.

Engaging Bioethics

Gary Seay,Susana Nuccetelli
Engaging Bioethics Book PDF

Author : Gary Seay,Susana Nuccetelli
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2023-08-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000919523

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Engaging Bioethics by Gary Seay,Susana Nuccetelli Pdf

Presuming readers start with no background in philosophy, this enhanced introduction to bioethics first provides balanced, philosophically based coverage of moral reasoning, moral theories, and the law. It then leads the newly equipped reader to explore a range of important ethical issues in health care and biomedical research. Engaging Bioethics, Second Edition is designed for undergraduates throughout the humanities and social sciences as well as for healthcare professionals-in-training, including students in medical school, pre-medicine, nursing, public health, and those studying to assist physicians in various capacities. Along with coverage of standard bioethical issues—such as vaccination, access to health care, new reproductive technologies, genetics, research on human and animal subjects, abortion, medical confidentiality, and disclosure—it now addresses ethical aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic, the US Supreme Court’s Dobbs v Jackson decision, use of CRISPR for human gene editing, and the expansion of medically assisted death globally. Key Features Flexibility for the instructor, with chapters that can be read independently and in an order that fits the course structure Integration with case studies and primary sources Attention to issues of gender, race, cultural diversity, and justice in health care Pedagogical features to help instructors and students A companion website (www.routledge.com/cw/seay) with a virtual anthology linking to key primary sources, a test bank, topics for papers, and PowerPoints for lectures and class discussion Key Updates to the Second Edition An expanded treatment of vaccination ethics A new chapter wholly devoted to the tools of moral thinking Additional topics on the patient–healthcare professional relationship such as social nudging in health care and public health, and the limits of beneficence in connection with the burnout of frontline healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic New, up-to-date cases and questions for further discussion throughout the chapters Updated learning objectives and overviews for each chapter

Cognitive Kin, Moral Strangers? Linking Animal Cognition, Animal Ethics & Animal Welfare

Judith Benz-Schwarzburg
Cognitive Kin Moral Strangers Linking Animal Cognition Animal Ethics Animal Welfare Book PDF

Author : Judith Benz-Schwarzburg
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004415072

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Cognitive Kin, Moral Strangers? Linking Animal Cognition, Animal Ethics & Animal Welfare by Judith Benz-Schwarzburg Pdf

In Cognitive Kin, Moral Strangers?, Judith Benz-Schwarzburg reveals the scope and relevance of cognitive kinship between humans and non-human animals. She presents a wide range of empirical studies on culture, language and theory of mind in animals and then leads us to ask why such complex socio-cognitive abilities in animals matter. Her focus is on ethical theory as well as on the practical ways in which we use animals. Are great apes maybe better described as non-human persons? Should we really use dolphins as entertainers or therapists? Benz-Schwarzburg demonstrates how much we know already about animals’ capabilities and needs and how this knowledge should inform the ways in which we treat animals in captivity and in the wild.

The Ethics of Killing

Jeff McMahan
The Ethics of Killing Book PDF

Author : Jeff McMahan
Publisher : Oxford Ethics Series
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195169824

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The Ethics of Killing by Jeff McMahan Pdf

Drawing on philosophical notions of personal identity and the immorality of killing, Jeff McMahan looks at various issues, including abortion, infanticide, the killing of animals, assisted suicide, and euthanasia.

The Moral Status of Technical Artefacts

Peter Kroes,Peter-Paul Verbeek
The Moral Status of Technical Artefacts Book PDF

Author : Peter Kroes,Peter-Paul Verbeek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400779143

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The Moral Status of Technical Artefacts by Peter Kroes,Peter-Paul Verbeek Pdf

This book considers the question: to what extent does it make sense to qualify technical artefacts as moral entities? The authors’ contributions trace recent proposals and topics including instrumental and non-instrumental values of artefacts, agency and artefactual agency, values in and around technologies, and the moral significance of technology. The editors’ introduction explains that as ‘agents’ rather than simply passive instruments, technical artefacts may actively influence their users, changing the way they perceive the world, the way they act in the world and the way they interact with each other. This volume features the work of various experts from around the world, representing a variety of positions on the topic. Contributions explore the contested discourse on agency in humans and artefacts, defend the Value Neutrality Thesis by arguing that technological artefacts do not contain, have or exhibit values, or argue that moral agency involves both human and non-human elements. The book also investigates technological fields that are subject to negative moral valuations due to the harmful effects of some of their products. It includes an analysis of some difficulties arising in Artificial Intelligence and an exploration of values in Chemistry and in Engineering. The Moral Status of Technical Artefacts is an advanced exploration of the various dimensions of the relations between technology and morality

Rethinking Ethics in the Midst of Violence

Linda A. Bell
Rethinking Ethics in the Midst of Violence Book PDF

Author : Linda A. Bell
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0847678458

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Rethinking Ethics in the Midst of Violence by Linda A. Bell Pdf

Selected by Choice as an Outstanding Academic Book for 1995. Moving beyond the traditional feminist ethics of care, Linda A. Bell places an existentialist conception of liberation at the heart of ethics and argues that only an ethics of freedom sufficiently allows for feminist critique and opposition to a status quo imbued with violence. She offers a critique of Aristotelian, utilitarian, and Kantian ethics, analyzing each approach from feminist perspectives and showing how each fails women and others who resist oppression.