Robotic Mars Sample Return

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Task Group on Issues in Sample Return
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1997-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309057332

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Mars Sample Return by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Task Group on Issues in Sample Return Pdf

The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) serves as the primary adviser to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary protection policy, the purpose of which is to preserve conditions for future biological and organic exploration of planets and other solar system objects and to protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination. In October 1995 the NRC received a letter from NASA requesting that the Space Studies Board examine and provide advice on planetary protection issues related to possible sample-return missions to near-Earth solar system bodies.

Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-06-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1721580468

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Robotic Mars Sample Return by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Pdf

A comparison of the risk associated with two alternative scenarios for a robotic Mars sample return mission was conducted. Two alternative mission scenarios were identified, the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) reference Mission and a mission proposed by Johnson Space Center (JSC). The JPL mission was characterized by two landers and an orbiter, and a Mars orbit rendezvous to retrieve the samples. The JSC mission (Direct/SEP) involves a solar electric propulsion (SEP) return to earth followed by a rendezvous with the space shuttle in earth orbit. A qualitative risk assessment to identify and characterize the risks, and a risk analysis to quantify the risks were conducted on these missions. Technical descriptions of the competing scenarios were developed in conjunction with NASA engineers and the sequence of events for each candidate mission was developed. Risk distributions associated with individual and combinations of events were consolidated using event tree analysis in conjunction with Monte Carlo techniques to develop probabilities of mission success for each of the various alternatives. The results were the probability of success of various end states for each candidate scenario. These end states ranged from complete success through various levels of partial success to complete failure. Overall probability of success for the Direct/SEP mission was determined to be 66% for the return of at least one sample and 58% for the JPL mission for the return of at least one sample cache. Values were also determined for intermediate events and end states as well as for the probability of violation of planetary protection. Overall mission planetary protection event probabilities of occurrence were determined to be 0.002% and 1.3% for the Direct/SEP and JPL Reference missions respectively. Lalk, Thomas R. and Spence, Cliff A. Johnson Space Center

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Review of Planetary Protection Requirements for Mars Sample Return Missions
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309130738

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Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Mars Sample Return Missions by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Review of Planetary Protection Requirements for Mars Sample Return Missions Pdf

NASA maintains a planetary protection policy to avoid the forward biological contamination of other worlds by terrestrial organisms, and back biological contamination of Earth from the return of extraterrestrial materials by spaceflight missions. Forward-contamination issues related to Mars missions were addressed in a 2006 National Research Council (NRC) book, Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. However, it has been more than 10 years since back-contamination issues were last examined. Driven by a renewed interest in Mars sample return missions, this book reviews, updates, and replaces the planetary protection conclusions and recommendations contained in the NRC's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations. The specific issues addressed in this book include the following: The potential for living entities to be included in samples returned from Mars; Scientific investigations that should be conducted to reduce uncertainty in the above assessment; The potential for large-scale effects on Earth's environment by any returned entity released to the environment; Criteria for intentional sample release, taking note of current and anticipated regulatory frameworks; and The status of technological measures that could be taken on a mission to prevent the inadvertent release of a returned sample into Earth's biosphere.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:758389742

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Mars ascent vehicle gross lift-off mass sensitivities for robotic mars sample return by Anonim Pdf

Author : David Portree,David M Harland
Publisher : Springer-Praxis
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2006-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0387215204

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Bringing Home a Piece of Mars by David Portree,David M Harland Pdf

Bringing Home a Piece of Mars will bring together in book form, for the first time, all credible and accessible information on previous robotic Mars spacecraft and detailing all projected plans for future piloted and robotic Mars Sample Return (MSR) missions. The roots of future exploration extend back to the 1960s and '70s, to programmes such as the cancelled Voyager Venus-Mars programme; the highly successful Mariners 4, 6, 7 and 9 spacecraft; the Soviet Luna sample returns missions, Mars missions and Phobos probes. More recently, interest in a Mars Sample Return has been heightened by the exciting results of Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Pathfinder/Sojourner, Mars Odyssey, and the Mars Express/Beagle 2, and Mars Exploration Rover missions now underway. Drawing on key interviews with MSR planning participants and Mars scientists, this is the first-ever overview in one book of MSR and related issues such as planetary protection, and the mission's role as a precursor to future piloted Mars exploration. It provides a unique insight into the history of Mars Sample Return and its future implementation, a critical mission in the exploration of Mars and the search for life elsewhere in the Solar System.

Author : Louis Friedman
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2015-11-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780816531462

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Human Spaceflight by Louis Friedman Pdf

Human Spaceflight lays out a new model for the future of humans in space, where robotic technologies extend human presence beyond the solar system. Louis Friedman argues for settlement of Mars, serving as a base for humans to explore the rest of the universe with an expanding arsenal of technology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Subject headings
ISBN : PSU:000017017343

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NASA Thesaurus by Anonim Pdf

Author : Robin George Andrews
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780393542073

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Super Volcanoes: What They Reveal about Earth and the Worlds Beyond by Robin George Andrews Pdf

An exhilarating, time-traveling journey to the solar system’s strangest and most awe-inspiring volcanoes. Volcanoes are capable of acts of pyrotechnical prowess verging on magic: they spout black magma more fluid than water, create shimmering cities of glass at the bottom of the ocean and frozen lakes of lava on the moon, and can even tip entire planets over. Between lava that melts and re-forms the landscape, and noxious volcanic gases that poison the atmosphere, volcanoes have threatened life on Earth countless times in our planet’s history. Yet despite their reputation for destruction, volcanoes are inseparable from the creation of our planet. A lively and utterly fascinating guide to these geologic wonders, Super Volcanoes revels in the incomparable power of volcanic eruptions past and present, Earthbound and otherwise—and recounts the daring and sometimes death-defying careers of the scientists who study them. Science journalist and volcanologist Robin George Andrews explores how these eruptions reveal secrets about the worlds to which they belong, describing the stunning ways in which volcanoes can sculpt the sea, land, and sky, and even influence the machinery that makes or breaks the existence of life. Walking us through the mechanics of some of the most infamous eruptions on Earth, Andrews outlines what we know about how volcanoes form, erupt, and evolve, as well as what scientists are still trying to puzzle out. How can we better predict when a deadly eruption will occur—and protect communities in the danger zone? Is Earth’s system of plate tectonics, unique in the solar system, the best way to forge a planet that supports life? And if life can survive and even thrive in Earth’s extreme volcanic environments—superhot, superacidic, and supersaline surroundings previously thought to be completely inhospitable—where else in the universe might we find it? Traveling from Hawai‘i, Yellowstone, Tanzania, and the ocean floor to the moon, Venus, and Mars, Andrews illuminates the cutting-edge discoveries and lingering scientific mysteries surrounding these phenomenal forces of nature.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2006-04-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309097246

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Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars Pdf

Recent spacecraft and robotic probes to Mars have yielded data that are changing our understanding significantly about the possibility of existing or past life on that planet. Coupled with advances in biology and life-detection techniques, these developments place increasing importance on the need to protect Mars from contamination by Earth-borne organisms. To help with this effort, NASA requested that the NRC examine existing planetary protection measures for Mars and recommend changes and further research to improve such measures. This report discusses policies, requirements, and techniques to protect Mars from organisms originating on Earth that could interfere with scientific investigations. It provides recommendations on cleanliness and biological burden levels of Mars-bound spacecraft, methods to reach those levels, and research to reduce uncertainties in preventing forward contamination of Mars.

Author : Task Group on Issues in Sample Return,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1997-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309524476

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Mars Sample Return by Task Group on Issues in Sample Return,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Space Studies Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council Pdf

The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) serves as the primary adviser to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary protection policy, the purpose of which is to preserve conditions for future biological and organic exploration of planets and other solar system objects and to protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination. In October 1995 the NRC received a letter from NASA requesting that the Space Studies Board examine and provide advice on planetary protection issues related to possible sample-return missions to near-Earth solar system bodies.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on an Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2007-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309179416

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An Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on an Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars Pdf

Three recent developments have greatly increased interest in the search for life on Mars. The first is new information about the Martian environment including evidence of a watery past and the possibility of atmospheric methane. The second is the possibility of microbial viability on Mars. Finally, the Vision for Space Exploration initiative included an explicit directive to search for the evidence of life on Mars. These scientific and political developments led NASA to request the NRC's assistance in formulating an up-to-date integrated astrobiology strategy for Mars exploration. Among other topics, this report presents a review of current knowledge about possible life on Mars; an astrobiological assessment of current Mars missions; a review of Mars-mission planetary protection; and findings and recommendations. The report notes that the greatest increase in understanding of Mars will come from the collection and return to Earth of a well-chosen suite of Martian surface materials.

Author : Synthesis Group (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Lunar probes
ISBN : STANFORD:36105000434717

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America at the Threshold by Synthesis Group (U.S.) Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Extraterrestrial Sample Analysis Facilities
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309486729

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Strategic Investments in Instrumentation and Facilities for Extraterrestrial Sample Curation and Analysis by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Extraterrestrial Sample Analysis Facilities Pdf

The United States possesses a treasure-trove of extraterrestrial samples that were returned to Earth via space missions over the past four decades. Analyses of these previously returned samples have led to major breakthroughs in the understanding of the age, composition, and origin of the solar system. Having the instrumentation, facilities and qualified personnel to undertake analyses of returned samples, especially from missions that take up to a decade or longer from launch to return, is thus of paramount importance if the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is to capitalize fully on the investment made in these missions, and to achieve the full scientific impact afforded by these extraordinary samples. Planetary science may be entering a new golden era of extraterrestrial sample return; now is the time to assess how prepared the scientific community is to take advantage of these opportunities. Strategic Investments in Instrumentation and Facilities for Extraterrestrial Sample Curation and Analysis assesses the current capabilities within the planetary science community for sample return analyses and curation, and what capabilities are currently missing that will be needed for future sample return missions. This report evaluates whether current laboratory support infrastructure and NASA's investment strategy is adequate to meet these analytical challenges and advises how the community can keep abreast of evolving and new techniques in order to stay at the forefront of extraterrestrial sample analysis.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Mars surface samples
ISBN : NASA:31769000474406

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Mars Sample Handling Protocol Workshop Series by Anonim Pdf

Author : Paolo Ulivi,David M. Harland
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 550 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387789057

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Robotic Exploration of the Solar System by Paolo Ulivi,David M. Harland Pdf

Provides a comprehensive review in two parts of the exploration of the Solar System, focusing on the technology of the robotic space probes that made it possible, including missions which - for a variety of reasons – were never completed.