Roman Battle Tactics 390 110 Bc

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Roman Battle Tactics 390–110 BC

Nic Fields
Roman Battle Tactics 390 110 BC Book PDF

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-23
Category : History
ISBN : 1846033829

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Roman Battle Tactics 390–110 BC by Nic Fields Pdf

By 390 BC, the organization of the Roman army was in need of change. Fighting in the Greek-style with a heavy infantry was proving increasingly outdated and inflexible, resulting in the Roman's defeat at the hands of the Gauls at the battle of Allia. Following on from this catastrophe and in the next fifty years of warfare against Gallic and Italian tribes, a military revolution was born: the legion. This was a new unit of organization made up of three flexible lines of maniples consisting of troops of both heavy and light infantry. However, at the end of the 3rd century BC, Rome's prestige was shattered once more by the genius of Hannibal of Carthage, causing Roman battle tactics to be revised again. The legendary general Scipio Africanus achieved this, finally destroying the Carthaginian army at the climactic victory of Zama. A wholly new kind of soldier had been invented, and the whole Mediterranean world was now at Rome's feet. This book reveals these two defining moments in Roman military history and the revolution in battle tactics that was the result, examining how the Roman army eventually became all-conquering and all-powerful.

Roman Battle Tactics 109BC–AD313

Ross Cowan
Roman Battle Tactics 109BC AD313 Book PDF

Author : Ross Cowan
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2007-07-24
Category : History
ISBN : 1846031842

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Roman Battle Tactics 109BC–AD313 by Ross Cowan Pdf

The book clearly explains and illustrates the mechanics of how Roman commanders - at every level - drew up and committed their different types of troops for open-field battles. It includes the alternative formations used to handle different tactical problems and different types of terrain; the possibilities of ordering and controlling different deployments once battle was joined; and how all this was based on the particular strengths of the Roman soldier. Covering the period of "classic" legionary warfare from the late Republic to the late Western Empire, Ross Cowan uses case studies of particular battles to provide a manual on how and why the Romans almost always won, against enemies with basic equality in weapon types - giving practical reasons why the Roman Army was the Western World's outstanding military machine for 400 years.

The Roman Army at War

Adrian Keith Goldsworthy
The Roman Army at War Book PDF

Author : Adrian Keith Goldsworthy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 0198150903

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The Roman Army at War by Adrian Keith Goldsworthy Pdf

This detailed examination of the way in which the Roman army operated during a war and how it fought a battle breaks away from existing studies, which mostly concentrate on the army in peacetime, and attempts to understand the army as an institution whose ultimate purpose was to wage war. Adrian Goldsworthy explores the influence of the Roman army's organization on its behaviour during a campaign, emphasizing its great flexibility in comparison to most of its opponents. He considers the factors determining the result of a conflict and proposes, contrary to orthodox opinion, that the Roman army was able to adapt successfully to any type of warfare. Following the technique pioneered by John Keegan in The Face of Battle (1976), Dr Goldsworthy builds up a precise picture of what happened during battle: tactics employed, weaponry, leadership, behaviour of individuals as well as groups of soldiers, and, of utmost importance, morale.

Roman Warfare

Adrian Goldsworthy
Roman Warfare Book PDF

Author : Adrian Goldsworthy
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-05-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781541699229

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Roman Warfare by Adrian Goldsworthy Pdf

From an award-winning historian of ancient Rome, a concise and comprehensive history of the fighting forces that created the Roman Empire Roman warfare was relentless in its pursuit of victory. A ruthless approach to combat played a major part in Rome's history, creating an empire that eventually included much of Europe, the Near East and North Africa. What distinguished the Roman army from its opponents was the uncompromising and total destruction of its enemies. Yet this ferocity was combined with a genius for absorbing conquered peoples, creating one of the most enduring empires ever known. In Roman Warfare, celebrated historian Adrian Goldsworthy traces the history of Roman warfare from 753 BC, the traditional date of the founding of Rome by Romulus, to the eventual decline and fall of Roman Empire and attempts to recover Rome and Italy from the "barbarians" in the sixth century AD. It is the indispensable history of the most professional fighting force in ancient history, an army that created an Empire and changed the world.

The Roman Army of the Punic Wars 264–146 BC

Nic Fields
The Roman Army of the Punic Wars 264 146 BC Book PDF

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007-05-22
Category : History
ISBN : 1846031451

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The Roman Army of the Punic Wars 264–146 BC by Nic Fields Pdf

Long before the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BC), Rome's influence extended no further than the Alps, and the wars that it fought consisted of small-scale raids and cattle rustling, with perhaps the occasional battle between armies. Nevertheless, within a century the seeds of an empire had been sown in Iberia, Africa, and the Greek east, and the Roman Republican army became the most successful of its day, establishing standards of discipline, organization, and efficiency that set a bench mark for the later armies of Rome. With the evolution of the Roman Republic came the adoption of the Manipular legion, a formation taken from the hoplite phalanx and first used in mass deployment against the North African nation of Carthage, during the Punic Wars. In this book Nic Fields examines the evolution of the Roman army from its defeat at Cannae through to their final success at Zama which saw a small city-based force evolve into a Mediterranean powerhouse, demonstrating how and why it became the most highly organized, sophisticated force in the ancient world.

Siege Warfare in the Roman World

Duncan B Campbell
Siege Warfare in the Roman World Book PDF

Author : Duncan B Campbell
Publisher : Osprey Publishing
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2005-05-08
Category : History
ISBN : 1841767824

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Siege Warfare in the Roman World by Duncan B Campbell Pdf

Osprey's study of various sieges in Rome, from 146 BC to 378 AD. Sieges were often pivotal in Rome's wars, including its conflicts with the Macedonians and Carthaginians in the 2nd century BC; the civil wars of the Republic; and the late Roman wars against the Sassanid Persians, who, alone amongst Rome's adversaries, were equally skilled in siegecraft. This book discusses the siege techniques employed by Roman armies and their opponents throughout the Republic and Empire. It shows that although the 1st century AD has long been considered the golden age of siegecraft, followed by a decline, new and effective siege techniques were in fact used in the following centuries.

Caesar's Army

Harry Pratt Judson
Caesar s Army Book PDF

Author : Harry Pratt Judson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0857065734

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Caesar's Army by Harry Pratt Judson Pdf

Caesar's Army in peace and war Students of military history have long been fascinated by the history, armies and great commanders of ancient Rome; for within its organisation, strategy, tactics, weapons, campaigns and wars are to be found the origins of each of the military disciplines, demonstrated by often sophisticated methods and practices, developed millennia in the past and yet still able to provide valuable lessons to strategists and tacticians in the modern world. Rome had a long history and in keeping with all empires marched a Hard road to its zenith before commencing an equally long decline. We often look towards the period of Gaius Julius Caesar and his legions to appreciate the Roman military machine in some of its finest hours. This book is an invaluable guide for those interested in the Roman Army during Caesars time. It details army organisation, weapons and equipment. It examines the Legions and the cavalry in detail both on and off the field of battle. Tactics, fortifications and siege engines are fully described, as are methods of fighting afloat. Finally, the enemies of the Roman Empire, from the Gauls to the ancient Britons, are considered and their battle tactics and fortifications examined. In this Leonaur edition the illustrations from the original edition have been enlarged to assist the reader and maps of notable campaigns, battles, sieges and marches are also included. Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket.

A Companion to the Roman Army

Paul Erdkamp
A Companion to the Roman Army Book PDF

Author : Paul Erdkamp
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 610 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781444339215

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A Companion to the Roman Army by Paul Erdkamp Pdf

This companion provides an extensive account of the Roman army, exploring its role in Roman politics and society as well as the reasons for its effectiveness as a fighting force. An extensive account of the Roman army, from its beginnings to its transformation in the later Roman Empire Examines the army as a military machine – its recruitment, training, organization, tactics and weaponry Explores the relationship of the army to Roman politics, economics and society more broadly Considers the geography and climate of the lands in which the Romans fought Each chapter is written by a leading expert in a particular subfield and takes account of the latest scholarly and archaeological research in that area

Roman Soldier Operations Manual

Chris McNab
Roman Soldier Operations Manual Book PDF

Author : Chris McNab
Publisher : Haynes Publishing UK
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-27
Category : History
ISBN : 1785215655

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Roman Soldier Operations Manual by Chris McNab Pdf

The history of the Roman Empire and its technological and military prowess resounds through the ages. At its height, the empire covered five million square kilometres and held sway over 70 million people. How did a small city state in Latium achieve such prominence and carve an empire against which all other empires are measured? The answer is, in part, the Roman Legionary. It was Roman soldiers who carved out a foothold in Italy from warring neighbours. It was the legions who made safe the empire from external menaces – such as the Carthaginians, Greeks and Parthians – and who defeated fierce tribal leaders such as Boudicca in Britain and Vercingetorix in Gaul. It was the Roman legionaries who did much of the early building in these provinces and who policed the new borders. They maintained internal order, crushed rebellions by subjects or slaves, and provided the necessary muscle for imperial governors. Unique in so many ways, the Roman Army was the most feared fighting force of the ancient world, partly because of its outstanding discipline and organisation, but also because the men who made up its legendary legions were well trained, experienced warriors. The Roman Soldier Operations Manual gets to grips with what we know about the men of the legions, and includes fascinating detail on kit, equipment, weapons and insignia, as well as their unique fighting formations and battle tactics.

Pike and Shot Tactics 1590–1660

Keith Roberts
Pike and Shot Tactics 1590 1660 Book PDF

Author : Keith Roberts
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-05-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781780967844

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Pike and Shot Tactics 1590–1660 by Keith Roberts Pdf

Throughout the 17th century large parts of Europe were depopulated during the wide-ranging and savage wars of religion and dynasty, involving all of the major powers. This was therefore a key period in the development of 'modern' infantry tactics, such as the use of pole-arms and muskets together hence the popular expression 'pike and shot'. These infantry tactics involved different national schools on thought and practice, and were tested bloodily in great battles. This title covers the Dutch-Spanish wars of independence, The Thirty Years' War and the English Civil Wars.

Greek and Roman Warfare

John Drogo Montagu
Greek and Roman Warfare Book PDF

Author : John Drogo Montagu
Publisher : Greenhill Books
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105126912943

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Greek and Roman Warfare by John Drogo Montagu Pdf

Greek & Roman Warfare: Battles, Tactics and Trickery is a uniquely detailed work which explores the tactics and battle strategies of the Graeco-Roman period. This incisive study goes beyond the arms and armor of classical warfare to reveal the numerous factors, be they geographical, psychological or circumstantial, that informed the course of ancient battles. The technology of an army is of course an integral factor in its success, but conflicts are ultimately won by tactics and strategy. From the cunning ambush, to oxen with torches masquerading as an escaping army at night, Drogo Montagu explores the intricacies of waging war in antiquity. Using his extensive knowledge of ancient history, he has created a gripping account of classical military thought. He draws on the great historians of the time -- Livy, Plutarch, Xenophon and Josephus among them -- to illustrate the different elements that an army required to defeat its enemy on the battlefield, be it by force or guile. In addition, he offers details on how a commander would maintain the morale and fitness of his troops, as well as conduct their training. Greek and Roman Warfare provides an incredibly thorough view of the tactics and strategy of battle in ancient times from all perspectives, making it one of the most complete studies of classical warfare to date. John Drogo Montagu is a historian of considerable standing and the author of the acclaimed compendium Battles of the Greek and Roman Worlds.

Greek and Roman Military Writers

Brian Campbell
Greek and Roman Military Writers Book PDF

Author : Brian Campbell
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2004-09-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134451180

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Greek and Roman Military Writers by Brian Campbell Pdf

Brian Campbell has selected and translated a wide range of pieces from the ancient military writers who tell us about the technical aspects of military practice and the management of armies. The pieces cover a fascinating range of topics - battle formations and manoeuvres, different types of troops, the art of generalship, methods for conducting and resisting a siege, the construction of artillery and fortifications, and every kind of ploy used by generals to defeat their opponents. Each piece is annotated with further explanation and context, making this an essential resource for everyone studying the army and warfare in the classical age.

Early Roman Warrior 753–321 BC

Nic Fields
Early Roman Warrior 753 321 BC Book PDF

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-07-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849088336

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Early Roman Warrior 753–321 BC by Nic Fields Pdf

The prototypical 'Roman Legionnaire' often seen on television and in movies is actually the product of nearly a millennium of military development. Far back in the Bronze Age, before the city of Rome existed, a loose collection of independent hamlets eventually formed into a village. From this base, the earliest Roman warriors launched cattle raids and ambushes against their enemies. At some point during this time, the Romans began a period of expansion, conquering land and absorbing peoples. Soon, they had adopted classical Greek fighting methods with militia forming in phalanxes. This book covers the evolution of the earliest Roman warriors and their development into an army that would eventually conquer the known world.

The Army of the Roman Republic

Michael F. Pavkovic
The Army of the Roman Republic Book PDF

Author : Michael F. Pavkovic
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2006-09
Category : History
ISBN : 0754625222

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The Army of the Roman Republic by Michael F. Pavkovic Pdf

Contents: Introdution. PART I: THE EARLIEST ROMAN ARMY: The military indebtedness of early Rome to the Etruscans, E. McCartney; The legion and the centuriate assembly, G.V. Sumner; The introduction of Hoplite tactics at Rome, M.P. Nilsson. PART II: THE ARMY AND THE GROWTH OF EMPIRE: Literary sources for the pre-Marian Roman army, Elizabeth Rawson; The principes and the so-called Camillan reforms, M.C.J. Miller; Roman military forces in 223 B.C. (Polybius 2.23-4), D.W. Baronowski; The battle of Pydna, N.G.L. Hammond; The Roman general's authority over Booty, Israel Schatzman. PART III: THE ARMY AND THE END OF THE REPUBLIC: Pilum, gladius, and pugio in the late Republic, P. Connolly; Studies on Caesar's use of cavalry, Pierre F. Cagniart; The army and the land in the Roman revolution, Peter A. Brunt; The supposed manpower shortage of the later second century B.C., John Rich; The Jugurthine war: was Marius or Metellus the real victor?, M. Holroyd; Caesar and the mutiny of 47 B.C., Stefan Chrissanthos. PART IV: STRATEGY AND TACTICS: Polybius, Livy, and the 'Fabian strategy,' Paul Erdcamp; Strategy and politics in Caesar's Spanish campaign, 49 B.C.: variation on a theme by Clausewitz, Pierre F. Cagniart; Roman republican heavy infantrymen in battle (IV-II centuries BC), Alexander Zhmodikov; The Roman cohort tactics-problem of development, I. Kertisz; Tactical reform in the Roman republican army, M.J.V. Bell. PART V: EQUIPMENT, TRAINING, AND THE EXPERIENCE OF BATTLE: The five standards of the pre-Marian legion. A note on the early plebeian militaria, Dusanic Slobodan and Zarko Petkovic; Roman republican training equipment: form, function and the mock battle, I.P. Stephenson; The homogenisation of military equipment under the Roman republic, Michael T. Burns; The face of Roman battle, Philip Sabin; The reality of Cannae, M. Samuels; Single combat in the Roman republic, Stephen P. Oakley; Two Caesarian battle-descriptions: a study in contrast, Robert D. Brown; Caesar's battle-descriptions and the defeat of Ariovistus, C. Pelling.

Caudine Forks 321 BC

Nic Fields
Caudine Forks 321 BC Book PDF

Author : Nic Fields
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 97 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472824936

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Caudine Forks 321 BC by Nic Fields Pdf

In its long history, the Roman Republic suffered many defeats, but none as humiliating as the Caudine Forks in the summer of 321 BC. Rome had been at war with the Samnites – one of early Rome's most formidable foes – since 326 BC in what would turn out to be a long and bitter conflict now known as the Second Samnite War. The rising, rival Italic powers vied for supremacy in central and southern Italy, and their leaders were contemplating the conquest of the entire Italian peninsula. Driven by the ambitions of Titus Veturius Calvinus and Spurius Postumius Albinus, Roman forces were determined to inflict a crippling blow on the Samnites, but their combined armies were instead surprised, surrounded, and forced to surrender by the Samnites led by Gavius Pontius. The Roman soldiers, citizens of Rome to a man, were required to quit the field by passing under the yoke of spears in a humiliating ritual worse than death itself. This new study, using specially commissioned artwork and maps, analyses why the Romans were so comprehensively defeated at the Caudine Forks, and explains why the protracted aftermath of their dismal defeat was so humiliating and how it spurred them on to their eventual triumph over the Samnites. With this in mind, this study will widen its focus to take account of other major events in the Second Samnite War.