Rules And Reason

Author : Geoffrey Brennan,James M. Buchanan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2008-08-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521070902

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The Reason of Rules by Geoffrey Brennan,James M. Buchanan Pdf

Societies function on the basis of rules. These rules, rather like the rules of the road, coordinate the activities of individuals who have a variety of goals and purposes. Whether the rules work well or ill, and how they can be made to work better, is a matter of major concern. Appropriately interpreted, the working of social rules is also the central subject matter of modern political economy. This book is about rules - what they are, how they work, and how they can be properly analysed. The authors' objective is to understand the workings of alternative political institutions so that choices among such institutions (rules) can be more fully informed. Thus, broadly defined, the methodology of constitutional political economy is the subject matter of The Reason of Rules. The authors have examined how rules for political order work, how such rules might be chosen, and how normative criteria for such choices might be established.

Author : Bo Bennett, PhD
Publisher : eBookIt.com
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781456634902

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Rules of Reason by Bo Bennett, PhD Pdf

Weak claims are responsible for a significant amount of deception resulting in smart people believing things that aren't true. Claims are constantly being made, many of which are confusing, ambiguous, too general to be of value, exaggerated, unfalsifiable, and suggest a dichotomy when no such dichotomy exists. Good critical thinking requires a thorough understanding of the claim before attempting to determine its veracity. Good communication requires the ability to make clear, precise, explicit claims, or "strong" claims. The rules of reason in this book provide the framework for obtaining this understanding and ability. This book is about the eleven rules of reason for making and evaluating claims. Each covered in detail in the book. These are: 1) Acknowledge the Limits of Your Knowledge Regarding the Claim. 2) Explore Your Biases Related to the Claim. 3) Isolate the Actual Claim. 4) Clearly and Precisely Define Each Relevant Term. 5) Use Terms That Reflect the Scope of the Claim Accurately. 6) Operationalize Terms When Possible. 7) Make the Claim Falsifiable When Possible. 8) Express an Accurate and Meaningful Level of Confidence. 9) Convert Causes to Contributing Factors When Appropriate. 10) Make Strong Analogies and Call Out Weak Ones. 11) Filter All Relevant Assumptions Through These Same Rules. By the time you have finished this short book, no matter how good you were before at evaluating claims, you will be even better at it.

Author : Ram Mudambi,Pietro Navarra,Giuseppe Sobbrio
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2001-01-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521659590

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Rules and Reason by Ram Mudambi,Pietro Navarra,Giuseppe Sobbrio Pdf

This volume explores shifting conceptions of constitutional political economy and suggests possible future strategies for change.

Author : Jaap Hage
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789401588737

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Reasoning with Rules by Jaap Hage Pdf

Rule-applying legal arguments are traditionally treated as a kind of syllogism. Such a treatment overlooks the fact that legal principles and rules are not statements which describe the world, but rather means by which humans impose structure on the world. Legal rules create legal consequences, they do not describe them. This has consequences for the logic of rule- and principle-applying arguments, the most important of which may be that such arguments are defeasible. This book offers an extensive analysis of the role of rules and principles in legal reasoning, which focuses on the close relationship between rules, principles, and reasons. Moreover, it describes a logical theory which assigns a central place to the notion of reasons for and against a conclusion, and which is especially suited to deal with rules and principles.

Author : Thomas Wilson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1552
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:165989030

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The Rule of Reason by Thomas Wilson Pdf

Author : Lief H. Carter,Thomas F. Burke
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226328218

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Reason in Law by Lief H. Carter,Thomas F. Burke Pdf

Newly updated ninth edition: “A superbly written, pedagogically rich, historically and conceptually informed introduction to legal reasoning.” —Law and Politics Book Review Over the decades it has been in print, Reason in Law has established itself as the place to start for understanding legal reasoning, a critical component of the rule of law. This ninth edition brings the book’s analyses and examples up to date, adding new cases while retaining old ones whose lessons remain potent. It examines several recent controversial Supreme Court decisions, including rulings on the constitutionality and proper interpretation of the Affordable Care Act and Justice Scalia’s powerful dissent in Maryland v. King. Also new to this edition are cases on same-sex marriage, the Voting Rights Act, and the legalization of marijuana. A new appendix explains the historical evolution of legal reasoning and the rule of law in civic life. The result is an indispensable introduction to the workings of the law.

Author : Julia Tanney
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-01-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674071728

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Rules, Reason, and Self-Knowledge by Julia Tanney Pdf

Julia Tanney offers a sustained criticism of today’s canon in philosophy of mind, which conceives the workings of the rational mind as the outcome of causal interactions between mental states that have their bases in the brain. With its roots in physicalism and functionalism, this widely accepted view provides the philosophical foundation for the cardinal tenet of the cognitive sciences: that cognition is a form of information-processing. Rules, Reason, and Self-Knowledge presents a challenge not only to the cognitivist approach that has dominated philosophy and the special sciences for the last fifty years but, more broadly, to metaphysical-empirical approaches to the study of the mind. Responding to a tradition that owes much to the writings of Davidson, early Putnam, and Fodor, Tanney challenges this orthodoxy on its own terms. In untangling its internal inadequacies, starting with the paradoxes of irrationality, she arrives at a view these philosophers were keen to rebut—one with affinities to the work of Ryle and Wittgenstein and all but invisible to those working on the cutting edge of analytic philosophy and mind research today. This is the view that rational explanations are embedded in “thick” descriptions that are themselves sophistications upon ever ascending levels of discourse, or socio-linguistic practices. Tanney argues that conceptual cartography rather than metaphysical-scientific explanation is the basic tool for understanding the nature of the mind. Rules, Reason, and Self-Knowledge clears the path for a return to the world-involving, circumstance-dependent, normative practices where the rational mind has its home.

Author : James M. Buchanan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0865972524

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The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan by James M. Buchanan Pdf

An index to the series "The Collected works of James M. Buchanan."

Author : Joseph Raz
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1999-09-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191018589

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Practical Reason and Norms by Joseph Raz Pdf

Practical Reason and Norms focuses on three problems: In what way are rules normative, and how do they differ from ordinary reasons? What makes normative systems systematic? What distinguishes legal systems, and in what consists their normativity? All three questions are answered by taking reasons as the basic normative concept, and showing the distinctive role reasons have in every case, thus paving the way to a unified account of normativity. Rules are a structure of reasons to perform the required act and an exclusionary reason not to follow some competing reasons. Exclusionary reasons are explained, and used to unlock the secrets of orders, promises, and decisions as well as rules. Games are used to exemplify normative systems. Inevitably, the analysis extends to some aspects of normative discourse, which is truth-apt, but with a diminished assertoric force.

Author : Ally Carter
Publisher : Little, Brown Books for Young Readers
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-10
Category : Young Adult Fiction
ISBN : 9781423132035

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Don't Judge a Girl by Her Cover by Ally Carter Pdf

Friendship. Romance. Espionage. The Gallagher Academy for Exceptional Young Women is no ordinary boarding school. Don't miss a moment of this New York Times bestselling series--now with a bonus epilogue! When Cammie Morgan visits her roommate Macey in Boston, she thinks she's in for an exciting end to her summer. After all, she's there to watch Macey's father accept the nomination for vice president of the United States. But when you go to the world's best school (for spies), "exciting" and "deadly" are never far apart. The girls suddenly find themselves trapped in a kidnapper's plot, with only their espionage skills to save them. Soon Cammie is joining Bex and Liz as Macey's private security team on the campaign trail, where they struggle to answer the questions Who is after Macey? And how can the Gallagher Girls keep her safe? The girls must use their spy training at every turn as the stakes are raised, and Cammie gets closer and closer to the shocking truth . . .

Author : Larry Alexander,Emily Sherwin
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2001-08-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780822380023

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The Rule of Rules by Larry Alexander,Emily Sherwin Pdf

Rules perform a moral function by restating moral principles in concrete terms, so as to reduce the uncertainty, error, and controversy that result when individuals follow their own unconstrained moral judgment. Although reason dictates that we must follow rules to avoid destructive error and controversy, rules—and hence laws—are imperfect, and reason also dictates that we ought not follow them when we believe they produce the wrong result in a particular case. In The Rule of Rules Larry Alexander and Emily Sherwin examine this dilemma. Once the importance of this moral and practical conflict is acknowledged, the authors argue, authoritative rules become the central problems of jurisprudence. The inevitable gap between rules and background morality cannot be bridged, they claim, although many contemporary jurisprudential schools of thought are misguided attempts to do so. Alexander and Sherwin work through this dilemma, which lies at the heart of such ongoing jurisprudential controversies as how judges should reason in deciding cases, what effect should be given to legal precedent, and what status, if any, should be accorded to “legal principles.” In the end, their rigorous discussion sheds light on such topics as the nature of interpretation, the ancient dispute among legal theorists over natural law versus positivism, the obligation to obey law, constitutionalism, and the relation between law and coercion. Those interested in jurisprudence, legal theory, and political philosophy will benefit from the edifying discussion in The Rule of Rules.

Author : Larry Alexander,Emily Sherwin
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2001-08-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 0822327368

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The Rule of Rules by Larry Alexander,Emily Sherwin Pdf

Rules perform a moral function by restating moral principles in concrete terms, so as to reduce the uncertainty, error, and controversy that result when individuals follow their own unconstrained moral judgment. Although reason dictates that we must follow rules to avoid destructive error and controversy, rules—and hence laws—are imperfect, and reason also dictates that we ought not follow them when we believe they produce the wrong result in a particular case. In The Rule of Rules Larry Alexander and Emily Sherwin examine this dilemma. Once the importance of this moral and practical conflict is acknowledged, the authors argue, authoritative rules become the central problems of jurisprudence. The inevitable gap between rules and background morality cannot be bridged, they claim, although many contemporary jurisprudential schools of thought are misguided attempts to do so. Alexander and Sherwin work through this dilemma, which lies at the heart of such ongoing jurisprudential controversies as how judges should reason in deciding cases, what effect should be given to legal precedent, and what status, if any, should be accorded to “legal principles.” In the end, their rigorous discussion sheds light on such topics as the nature of interpretation, the ancient dispute among legal theorists over natural law versus positivism, the obligation to obey law, constitutionalism, and the relation between law and coercion. Those interested in jurisprudence, legal theory, and political philosophy will benefit from the edifying discussion in The Rule of Rules.

Author : Berel Dov Lerner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136404856

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Rules, Magic and Instrumental Reason by Berel Dov Lerner Pdf

This book offers a systematic and critical discussion of Peter Winch's writings on the philosophy of the social sciences. The author points to Winch's tendency to over-emphasize the importance of language and communication, and his insufficient attention to the role of practical, technological activites in human life and society. It also offers an appendix devoted to the controversy between the anthropologists Marshall Sahlins and Gananath Obeyesekere regarding Captain James Cook's Hawaiian adventures. Essential reading for those studying the development of philosophy in the twentieth century, this book will also be of great interest to anthropologists, sociologists, scholars of religion, and all those with an interest in the relationship between philosophy and the social sciences.

Author : American Bar Association. House of Delegates,Center for Professional Responsibility (American Bar Association)
Publisher : American Bar Association
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Law
ISBN : 1590318730

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Model Rules of Professional Conduct by American Bar Association. House of Delegates,Center for Professional Responsibility (American Bar Association) Pdf

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Author : Philip Pettit
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199251865

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Rules, Reasons, and Norms by Philip Pettit Pdf

The essays selected here come in three packages. The first set of essays is concerned with the rule-following, response-dependent character of thought; the second, with the many factors to which choice is rationally responsive--and by reference to which choice can be explained--consistently being under the control of such reason-giving thought; and the third, with the implications of this multiple sensitivity for how best to regulate human institutions with a view to securing a desirable normative order.