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Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 73 pages File Size : 44,6 Mb Release : 2010 Category : Medical ISBN : 9789241547888
Screening Donated Blood for Transfusion-transmissible Infections by World Health Organization Pdf
"Blood transfusion is a life-saving intervention that has an essential role in patient management within health care systems. All Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed World Health Assembly resolutions WHA28.72 (1) in 1975 and WHA58.13 (2) in 2005. These commit them to the provision of adequate supplies of safe blood and blood products that are accessible to all patients who require transfusion either to save their lives or promote their continuing or improving health." --Preface.
Blood Donor Counselling by World Health Organization Pdf
Individuals who donate their blood provide a unique and precious gift in an act of human solidarity. In order to donate blood, prospective donors should be in good health and free from any infections that can be transmitted through transfusion. Most blood donors perceive themselves to be healthy, but some are unsuitable to donate blood due to the potential risk of compromising or worsening their own health or the risk of transmission of infections to patients. Blood transfusion services (BTS) have a duty of care towards blood donors as well as to the recipients of transfusion. This duty of care extends to prospective donors who are deferred from donation--whether on a temporary or permanent basis--as well as those who donate blood and are subsequently found to have unusual or abnormal test results. BTS have a responsibility to confirm test results and provide information, counseling and support to enable these individuals to understand and respond to unexpected information about their health or risk status. Counseling is part of the spectrum of care that a BTS should be able to provide to blood donors--including referral to medical practitioners or specialist clinical services. Pre-donation counseling was recognized as one element of the strategy to reduce and, if possible, prevent the donation of blood by individuals who might be at risk for HIV and other TTI including hepatitis B and C viruses as well as to inform the donor of the donation process and testing of blood for HIV. Post-donation counseling was acknowledged to be a necessary element of donor management as an adjunct to informing donors of unusual or abnormal test results. Blood donor counseling by trained specialist staff is now considered to be a key component of the blood system in most countries with a well-developed blood transfusion service. It may be required at a number of stages in the blood donation process or following blood screening and should be available at any point at which the BTS has an interface with donors. In many countries, however, blood donor counseling is not yet available in a structured way. Blood Donor Counselling: Implementation Guidelines has therefore been developed to provide guidance to blood transfusion services that have not yet established donor counseling programs.
Blood Donor Selection by World Health Organization,World Health Organization. Blood Transfusion Safety Pdf
The WHO guidelines on assessing donor suitability for blood donation have been developed to assist blood transfusion services in countries that are establishing or strengthening national systems for the selection of blood donors. They are designed for use by policy makers in national blood programmes in ministries of health, national advisory bodies such as national blood commissions or councils, and blood transfusion services.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 701 pages File Size : 55,5 Mb Release : 2002 Category : Medical ISBN : 9789241545464
Safe Blood and Blood Products by World Health Organization Pdf
Ensuring the safety of blood for transfusion is a key prevention strategy in the fight against HIV/AIDS. These learning materials have been designed specifically for use in distance learning programmes in blood safety. The modules have been designed for staff responsible for donor recruitment, blood collection and the processing and issue of blood for transfusion. They are written in an interactive, practical style, with learning objectives, activities, self-assessment questions, progress checks and action plans Most of the training is designed to take place at the workplace in the context of the performance of daily work. This pack consists of a set of four spiral-bound modules and a Trainer's Guide, all supplied in a plastic wallet.
Thousands of hemophiliac children have contracted hepatitis and aids from transfusion with infected blood. Ninety-five percent of all Americans will need transfusions at some point in their lives; yet it has taken the terrifying emergence of AIDS to alert an unsuspecting public to the actual risks involved. Dr. Feldschuh documents the inadequacies and shocking oversights of the blood-bank system, elucidating the risks of present practices and suggesting specific alternatives, including the now feasible storing of one's own blood, "pedigreed" donors, and mono-donor transfusion.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations Publisher : Unknown Page : 96 pages File Size : 43,7 Mb Release : 2006 Category : Medical ISBN : PSU:000058947456
Making Safe Blood Available in Africa by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations Pdf
WHO Guidelines on Drawing Blood by Neelam Dhingra Pdf
Phlebotomy uses large, hollow needles to remove blood specimens for lab testing or blood donation. Each step in the process carries risks - both for patients and health workers. Patients may be bruised. Health workers may receive needle-stick injuries. Both can become infected with bloodborne organisms such as hepatitis B, HIV, syphilis or malaria. Moreover, each step affects the quality of the specimen and the diagnosis. A contaminated specimen will produce a misdiagnosis. Clerical errors can prove fatal. The new WHO guidelines provide recommended steps for safe phlebotomy and reiterate accepted principles for drawing, collecting blood and transporting blood to laboratories/blood banks.
Forum on Blood Safety and Blood Availability,Institute of Medicine
Author : Forum on Blood Safety and Blood Availability,Institute of Medicine Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 132 pages File Size : 53,6 Mb Release : 1996-08-09 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309589628
Blood Donors and the Supply of Blood and Blood Products by Forum on Blood Safety and Blood Availability,Institute of Medicine Pdf
This volume discusses the current state of the nation's blood supply--including studies of blood availability, ways of enhancing blood collection and distribution, frozen red cell technology, logistical concerns in prepositioning frozen blood, extended liquid storage of red cells, and blood substitutes.
Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products
Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 349 pages File Size : 48,6 Mb Release : 1995-10-05 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309053297
HIV and the Blood Supply by Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products Pdf
During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, thousands of Americans became infected with HIV through the nation's blood supply. Because little reliable information existed at the time AIDS first began showing up in hemophiliacs and in others who had received transfusions, experts disagreed about whether blood and blood products could transmit the disease. During this period of great uncertainty, decision-making regarding the blood supply became increasingly difficult and fraught with risk. This volume provides a balanced inquiry into the blood safety controversy, which involves private sexual practices, personal tragedy for the victims of HIV/AIDS, and public confidence in America's blood services system. The book focuses on critical decisions as information about the danger to the blood supply emerged. The committee draws conclusions about what was doneâ€"and recommends what should be done to produce better outcomes in the face of future threats to blood safety. The committee frames its analysis around four critical area: Product treatmentâ€"Could effective methods for inactivating HIV in blood have been introduced sooner? Donor screening and referralâ€"including a review of screening to exlude high-risk individuals. Regulations and recall of contaminated bloodâ€"analyzing decisions by federal agencies and the private sector. Risk communicationâ€"examining whether infections could have been averted by better communication of the risks.
Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 106 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2005-12-29 Category : Medical ISBN : 9789241546737
Manual on the Management, Maintenance and Use of Blood Cold Chain Equipment by World Health Organization Pdf
The blood cold chain is a series of interconnected activities involving equipment, personnel and processes critical for the safe storage and transportation of blood from collection to transfusion. This publication contains information in relation to: storage and transportation of blood and blood components; blood storage equipment, relating to refrigerators, plasma freezers and platelet agitators; other blood cold chain devices; equipment installation; organising the cold blood chain; preventative maintenance, care and repair of equipment; monitoring and evaluation; and guidelines for the development of training programmes.
Canadian Immunization Guide by Canada. Comité consultatif national de l'immunisation,Canada. National Advisory Committee on Immunization Pdf
The seventh edition of the Canadian Immunization Guide was developed by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), with the support ofthe Immunization and Respiratory Infections Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, to provide updated information and recommendations on the use of vaccines in Canada. The Public Health Agency of Canada conducted a survey in 2004, which confi rmed that the Canadian Immunization Guide is a very useful and reliable resource of information on immunization.
Linked by Blood: Hemophilia and AIDS by David Green Pdf
Linked by Blood: Hemophilia and AIDS recounts the factors responsible for the widespread infection of people with hemophilia by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-contaminated blood and offers a prescription for addressing the challenges of future viral epidemics. The book describes the impact of AIDS on people with hemophilia, their families, and caregivers. The collection, processing, and distribution of blood in the early years of the HIV epidemic are described, including the failure of regulatory agencies to promulgate effective rules to safeguard the blood supply. The contributions of individuals and organizations that mitigated the epidemic are recognized. Linked by Blood presents recommendations for addressing the myriad medical, social, and economic challenges posed by blood-borne viral infections (AIDS, Ebola, MERS) that periodically sweep through large segments of our population. Addresses the challenges of future viral epidemics Promotes understanding of the risks and benefits of blood transfusion Demystifies HIV/AIDS by explaining how the virus causes disease and is detected and treated Covers the factors that led to contamination of the blood supply and contributed to the AIDS epidemic Provides background information on hemophilia: who is affected, why they bleed, how it is treated, and what complications can occur Discusses the role of regulatory agencies in protecting the blood supply and ensuring the safety of blood and blood products Features new proposals to enhance blood product safety and regulate the prices of blood, drugs, and devices that are essential for human health
Essential Guide to Blood Groups by Geoff Daniels,Imelda Bromilow Pdf
The second edition of Essential Guide to Blood Groups is a pocket-sized book containing four-color text together with schematic figures and tables. The book comprises an introduction to blood groups, followed by chapters on techniques, information on various blood groups, antibodies, quality assurance in immunohaematology, and it concludes with chapters on troubleshooting in the laboratory, and FAQs. It also covers the serology, inheritance, biochemistry and molecular genetics of the most important blood group systems.
