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A revelatory guide to one of the oldest and most mysterious civilizations of the Mediterranean With no written record of their own, the Nuragic civilization has long remained shrouded in mystery to contemporary scholars. The ancient Mediterranean civilization is thought to have occupied what is present-day Sardinia from the Bronze Age to 238 BCE, and it takes its name from the Sardinian word for the monument considered most representative of the culture: the "nuraghe". A nuraghe is a towering fortress constructed of large stone slabs stacked on top of one another, rough-hewn or cut with varying degrees of regularity, each containing one or more chambers. Over 7,000 nuraghi dot the island, along with other structures such as "sacred springs" and "giants' tombs." This book guides readers on a tour back in time through several European cities, exploring archaeological sites and uncovering the secrets of this enigmatic society with stunning photography accompanied by historical research.
This is the catalogue of an itinerant exhibition that will visit several cities in Europe, exploring and revealing the secrets of one of the most fascinating civilizations of the Mediterranean Sea. The Nuragic civilization takes its name from the Sardinian word for the monument considered most representative of this civilization: the "nuraghe". This consists of a tower construction built with large slabs of stone (rough-hewn or cut with varying degrees of regularity), which contained one or more chambers, one on top of the other, featuring the typical roof known as a "false dome" or "tholos". It appears both in the form of a single tower and as a complex, with a central tower surrounded by other towers. Villages of stone huts were built around many of the nuraghi. There are also other types of building: the "protonuraghi" (also known as "pseudonuraghi" or "corridor nuraghi"), the "giants' tombs", the "well temples" and "sacred springs", and the "megaron" temples. The archaeological data confirm that the Nuragic civilization was based on an agricultural and sheep-farming economy, but it also made significant use of mineral resources (particularly copper and lead).
A Prehistory of Sardinia, 2300-500 BC by Gary S. Webster Pdf
The Nuragic 'civilization' of Bronze and Iron Age Sardinia, known for its monumental stone towers, sacred wells and peculiar bronze votive figurines, has long fascinated travellers and archaeologists. Yet only recently have scholars outside the island recognized the potential significance of these unique island societies in the development of broader ancient Mediterranean cultural patterns. One reason has been the relative inaccessibility of recent reference works on the Nuragic evidence. The present Prehistory attempts to remedy the need for a complete and up-to-date synthesis of all extant evidence on Nuragic settlement, technology, economy, trade and ritual. This original interpretation of archaeological, historical and iconographic data constitutes the first modern study of the origins and development of these societies to appear in English.
Sardinia in the Mediterranean--A Footprint in the Sea by Miriam S. Balmuth Pdf
Beginning with the first settlements in the Paleolithic, and ending with the Roman period, this book brings together in a single volume the latest research in Sardinian studies. This Festschrift includes discussions over the nature of Paleolithic settlement on Sardinia, and presents new data on Neolithic chronology, architecture, religion, settlement patterns and metallurgy. The relations between Phoenician, Punic, Greek and Roman colonists and the indigenous Sards in the Iron Age are also treated.
Author : Stephen L. Dyson,Robert J. Rowland, Jr. Publisher : UPenn Museum of Archaeology Page : 260 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 2007 Category : History ISBN : 1934536024
Archaeology and History in Sardinia from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages by Stephen L. Dyson,Robert J. Rowland, Jr. Pdf
With one of the richest archaeological records and most complicated histories in the Mediterranean, Sardinia provides an important laboratory for studying the interaction of indigenous societies and outside forces in a partly isolated geographical context. Stephen L. Dyson and Robert J. Rowland, Jr. use both material culture and written documents to reconstruct the social and economic processes of an island society that showed both cultural creativity and continuity but responded to invasions from the Phoenicians through the Romans to the Aragonese. This first accessible reconstruction of island archaeology provides a balanced picture of the sweep of Sardinian history.
The Archaeology of Nuragic Sardinia by Gary S. Webster Pdf
The Archaeology of Nuragic Sardinia is a comprehensive synthesis of evidence bearing on current understandings of Sardinian prehistory from the 23rd through the 8th centuries BC. It is a study of the material traces left by those insular societies known famously for their unique megalithic 'Giants' tombs and intricate water-temples, as well as for the remarkable cyclopean edifices or nuraghi for which this singular 'civilization' takes its name. Following introductory discussions of the history of Nuragic research up to the present, as well as the island's natural setting, individual chapters are given over to detailed examinations of findings on chronology, settlement, subsistence, industries, trade, external relations and cult practices for successive chronological periods from the Early Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. For each period, issues of interpretation are addressed with regard to what might be reasonably inferred about Nuragic social institutions, normative codes, cognitive orientations, identity formations, cultural hybridity and entanglements, and the role of indigenous and exogenous factors in cultural continuity and discontinuity. While the focus throughout is on the Sardinian record, due consideration is also paid to potentially related developments on the neighboring island of Corsica. A postscript features a glimpse of life at the great Iron Age sanctuary of Santa Vittoria di Serri as imagined by the late 'father of Sardinian archaeology' Giovanni Lilliu.
The Megaliths of Vera Island in the Southern Urals by Stanislav Grigoriev,Yulia Vasina Pdf
The largest and brightest megalithic complex in Russia’s Ural Mountains is located on Vera Island, represented by three chambered megaliths and sanctuaries of the Eneolithic period (mid-4th - 3rd millennium BC). The oldest samples of stone sculpture in the Urals have been revealed within this complex.
Time and Stone: The Emergence and Development of Megaliths and Megalithic Societies in Europe by Bettina Schulz Paulsson Pdf
This analysis is concerned with the dating of megaliths in Europe and is based on 2410 available radiocarbon results and the application of a Bayesian statistical framework. It is, so far, the largest existing attempt to establish a supra-regional synthesis on the emergence and development of megaliths in Europe.
Comprehensive Study of the Origin of Humankind by Ryanne Maxine Meyersohn Pdf
'AWARD-WINNING BOOK' Silver medal - Readers' Favorite International Book Award Contest and 5 Stars Book Reviews' ‘Literary Titan Gold Book Award and 5 Stars Book Reviews’ ‘Amazon Best Seller #1 History of the Middle East and #2 Ancient Early Civilization History’ Comprehensive Study of the Origin of Humankind is not a textbook or conventional science book since the evidence that was discovered during this research does not agree with many of the precepts approved by orthodox science. The topic covered in this book is not considered in scientific or academic institutions because most of the Mesopotamian texts were labeled as mythology. Moreover, our ancient history is under a veil of unknowns and misunderstandings. The language and organization of the book were intended to make it easy for all readers, regardless of educational level, to follow and understand the story. The book deals with the arrival of the Anunnaki on Earth and the consequences of their mission. The detailed history in chronological order of everything that happened is presented according to our findings in the Mesopotamian texts and other ancient sources. It covers all the events from the formation of the Solar System and the arrival of the Anunnaki to the time of Alexander the Great. The fact that some of the stories in the Genesis account were already written in Mesopotamian texts thousands of years earlier prompted the evaluation of the most relevant texts. As we know Genesis is the only book in the Bible that deals with the origin of humanity, some verses were included to show the parallelism that exists with the Mesopotamian texts. The extraordinary similarity in terms of content and the dates on which the events occurred between both sources were evaluated and demonstrated through statistical analysis. Analysis of scholarly translations of the Mesopotamian texts and ancient books revealed that many key details that are critical to understanding the story have thus far not been revealed as they happened. In addition, some texts contain metaphors whose message has not been properly determined. The research was supplemented by many sources, including the analysis of apocryphal books, reports from ancient historians, scientific research, and archaeological records. The extensive analysis and inquisitive reading of the contents in search of clues, provided the necessary knowledge to determine the most probable dates in which all the great events of human history occurred. At the end of this investigation, we concluded that the results and findings deserve to be known due to the high probability that the stories contained in the Mesopotamian texts really happened. This research has provided the answer to hitherto unanswered riddles, it is a revelation of who, how, when, and why these events occurred in ancient times.
A feast of extraordinary theories and personalities centred around the mysterious standing stones of antiquity. John Michell tells the incredible story of the amazing reactions, ancient and modern, to these prehistoric relics, whether astronomical, legendary, mystical or visionary.
The DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Sardinia is your indispensable guide to this beautiful part of the world. The fully updated guide includes unique cutaways, floor plans, and reconstructions of the must-see sites, plus street-by-street maps of all the fascinating cities and towns. This new-look guide is also packed with photographs and illustrations leading you straight to the best attractions. This uniquely visual DK Eyewitness Travel Guide will help you discover everything region-by-region, from local festivals and markets to day trips around the countryside. Detailed listings will guide you to the best hotels, restaurants, bars, and shops for all budgets, while detailed practical information will help you to get around, whether by train, bus, or car. Plus, DK's excellent insider tips and essential local information will help you explore every corner of Sardinia effortlessly.
