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Author : Mark A. Lemley,Deven Desai
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832521953
Author : Deven R. Desai,Mark A. Lemley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1375384797
New technologies continue to democratize, decentralize, and disrupt production, offering the possibility that scarcity will be a thing of the past for many industries. We call these technologies of abundance. But our economy and our legal institutions are based on scarcity. Abundance lowers costs. When that happens, the elimination of scarcity changes the economics of how goods and services are produced and distributed. This doesn't just follow a normal demand curve pattern - consumption increases as price declines. Rather, special things happen when costs approach zero. Digitization and its effects on the production, organization, and distribution of information provide early examples of changes to markets and industries. Copyright industries went through upheaval and demands for new protections. But they are not alone. New technologies such as 3D printing, CRISPR, artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and more are democratizing, decentralizing, and disrupting production in food and alcohol production, biotechnologies, and more, and even the production of innovation itself, opening the prospect of an abundance society in which people can print or otherwise obtain the things they want, including living organisms, on-demand.Abundance changes the social as well as economic context of markets. How will markets and legal institutions based on scarcity react when it is gone? Will we try to replicate that scarcity by imposing legal rules, as IP law does? Will the abundance of some things just create new forms of scarcity in others - the raw materials that feed 3D printers, for instance, or the electricity needed to feed AIs and cryptocurrency? Will we come up with new forms of artificial scarcity, as brands and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) do? Or will we reorder our economics and our society to focus on things other than scarcity? If so, what will that look like? And how will abundance affect the distribution of resources in society? Will we reverse the long-standing trend towards greater income inequality? Or will society find new ways to distinguish the haves from the have-nots?Society already has examples of each type of response. The copyright industries survived the end of scarcity, and indeed thrived, not by turning to the law but by changing business practices, leveraging the scarcity inherent to live performances and using streaming technology to remove the market structures that fed unauthorized copying, and by reorganizing around distribution networks rather than content creators. Newsgathering, reporting, and distribution face challenges flowing from democratized, decentralized, and disrupted production. Luxury brands and NFTs offer examples of artificial scarcity created to reinforce a sort of modern sumptuary code. And we have seen effective, decentralized production based on economics of abundance in examples ranging from open-source software to Wikipedia.In this introductory essay, we survey the potential futures of a post-scarcity society and offer some thoughts as to more (and less) socially productive ways to respond to the death of scarcity.
Author : Wolfgang Hoeschele
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317034667
No matter how many resources we consume we never seem to have enough. The Economics of Abundance is a balanced book in which Wolfgang Hoeschele challenges why this is so. He claims that our current capitalist economy can exist only on the basis of manufactured scarcity created by 'scarcity-generating institutions', and these institutions manipulate both demand and supply of commodities. Therefore demand consistently exceeds supply, and profits and economic growth can continue - at the cost of individual freedom, social equity, and ecological sustainability. The fact that continual increases in demand are so vital to our economy leads to an impasse: many people see no alternative to the generation of ever more demand, but at the same time recognize that it is clearly unsustainable ecologically and socially. So, can demand only be reduced by curtailing freedom and is this acceptable? This book argues that, by analyzing how scarcity-generating institutions work and then reforming or dismantling them, we can enhance individual freedom and support entrepreneurial initiative, and at the same time make progress toward social justice and environmental sustainability by reducing demands on vital resources. This vision would enable activists in many fields (social justice, civil liberties, and environmental protection), as well as many entrepreneurs and other members of civil society to work together much more effectively, make it more difficult to portray all these groups as contradictory special interests, and thereby help generate momentum for positive change. Meanwhile, for academics in many fields of study, the concept of the creation of scarcity or abundance may be a highly useful analytical tool.
Author : Adel Daoud
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Economics
ISBN : 9197939714
Author : Colin Chartres,Samyuktha Varma
Publisher : FT Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2010-07-14
Category : History
ISBN : 0132181045
From cities to biofuels, competition for water is accelerating. Climate change threatens to intensify the onset and severity of the water crisis in several regions of the developing world: this is already happening throughout much of Asia, the Mediterranean, southwestern Australia, and the southwestern US. Along with water shortages, unsafe water becomes an increasingly widespread problem, too. As water crises trigger food and health crises, billions may slip further into poverty, leading to greater social and political unrest, new wars, and worsening national security. Out of Water doesn't just illuminate the coming global water crisis: it presents innovative solutions in agriculture, engineering, governance, and beyond, including state-of-the art techniques for integrated water management. This book will help raise the level of debate about water to the highest levels of government, and identify workable reforms and incentives to help water users utilize this crucial resource far more efficiently.
Author : Evan D. G. Fraser,David L. Kaplan,Lenore Newman,Rickey Y. Yada
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 578 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-11-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780443187667
Cellular Agriculture: Technology, Society, Sustainability and Science provides a state-of-the-art review of cellular agriculture technologies. From cell selection to scaffolding and everything in-between, this book contains chapters authored by leading cellular agriculture researchers and product developers across the world.Driven by consumer desire for sustainable food production, animal welfare improvements, and better human health, companies around the world are racing to engineer alternative protein products with the best flavour, appearance, and texture. A major challenge many of these early-stage companies struggle with is having the foundational science and technical knowledge to start their journey in this emerging industry. This text provides detailed information on the current state of the science and technology of cellular agriculture. It combines the social aspects that need to be considered to create a level playing field to give each emerging idea the best chance at realizing the ultimate vision of cellular agriculture: satisfying the demand for protein around the world in a way that is better for humans, animals, and the planet.This is the first resource of its kind to take a practical approach to review the design, feasibility, and implementation of cellular agriculture techniques. With additional chapters on life cycle analyses and ideal transition scenarios, this book provides a resource for aspiring technology developers and academics alike, seeking evidence-based assessments of the industry and its disruptive potential. Written by industry and academic experts for balanced perspective Presents foundational information with practical application insights Includes chapters on regulatory and policy issues Reviews the sustainability challenges of alternative proteins
Author : Enrico Bonadio,Caterina Sganga
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781040043004
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as an important medium for the creation, sale and collection of art, with many major business and fashion houses creating their own NFT projects. This book investigates the eruption of NFT crypto art, and its impact on copyright law. Chapters address topics at the intersection between AI, smart contracts, data science, copyright law and arts administration. With snapshots of the ongoing heated debates around copyright law, the book investigates whether NFTs violate copyright and moral rights, the liability of NFTs platforms, impacts on ethical issues such as counterfeiting. The first book published on this emergent topic, this book offers a comprehensive overview of opportunities and challenges raised by NFTs to copyright law and, more generally, to the regulation and economics of the creative and cultural industries. The book is addressed to law and tech enthusiasts as well as academics, students, practitioners and policy makers interested in the intersection between copyright rules and new forms of technology.
Author : John Brewer,Neil Fromer,Fredrik Albritton Jonsson,Frank Trentmann
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781350040922
Scarcity in the Modern World brings together world-renowned scholars in an open access book to examine how concerns about the scarcity of environmental resources such as water, food, energy and materials have developed, and subsequently been managed, from the 18th to the 21st century. These multi-disciplinary contributions situate contemporary concerns about scarcity within their longer history, and address recent forecasts and debates surrounding the future scarcity of fossil fuels, renewable energy and water up to 2075. This book offers a fresh way of tackling the current challenge of meeting global needs in an increasingly resource-stressed environment. By bringing together scholars from a variety of academic disciplines, this volume provides an innovative multi-disciplinary perspective that corrects previous scholarship which has discussed scientific and cultural issues separately. In doing so, it recognizes that this challenge is complex and cannot be addressed by a single discipline, but requires a concerted effort to think about its political and social, as well as technical and economic dimensions. This volume is essential for all students and scholars of environmental and economic history. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollection.com. Open access was funded by Knowledge Unlatched.
Author : Daphne R. Raban,Julia W_odarczyk
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 579 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781802203967
The Elgar Companion to Information Economics dexterously navigates this interdisciplinary field of research which celebrates the crucial contribution of information to decision making, market dynamics, and economic well-being. Offering a wealth of conceptual analysis, this erudite Companion embarks on an intellectual journey exploring the fundamentals of information economics. This title contains one or more Open Access chapters.
Author : David Ricardo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1821
Category : Economics
ISBN : OXFORD:300151240
Author : Norman Myers,Julian L. Simon
Publisher : W. W. Norton
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1994-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0393336557
These and other questions are discussed by environmentalist Norman Myers, and Julian Simon, an economist and outspoken sceptic on environmentalism. This book is a transcript of their provocative exchange in a debate held at Columbia University in October 1992. The authors also provide position statements and replies that let readers judge for themselves whose arguments are more persuasive.
Author : Robert LaJeunesse
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009-03-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134044771
This book presents a careful, convincing critique of both reducing work hours and traditional full employment policies, advocating a policy of work time regulation that is appropriate for a twenty-first century post-industrial economy.
Author : Robert Seyfert,Jonathan Roberge
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317331810
This book provides in-depth and wide-ranging analyses of the emergence, and subsequent ubiquity, of algorithms in diverse realms of social life. The plurality of Algorithmic Cultures emphasizes: 1) algorithms’ increasing importance in the formation of new epistemic and organizational paradigms; and 2) the multifaceted analyses of algorithms across an increasing number of research fields. The authors in this volume address the complex interrelations between social groups and algorithms in the construction of meaning and social interaction. The contributors highlight the performative dimensions of algorithms by exposing the dynamic processes through which algorithms – themselves the product of a specific approach to the world – frame reality, while at the same time organizing how people think about society. With contributions from leading experts from Media Studies, Social Studies of Science and Technology, Cultural and Media Sociology from Canada, France, Germany, UK and the USA, this volume presents cutting edge empirical and conceptual research that includes case studies on social media platforms, gaming, financial trading and mobile security infrastructures.
Author : Elina Närvänen,Nina Mesiranta,Malla Mattila,Anna Heikkinen
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030205614
This book focuses on the crucial sustainability challenge of reducing food waste at the level of consumer-society. Providing an in-depth, research-based overview of the multifaceted problem, it considers environmental, economic, social and ethical factors. Perspectives included in the book address households, consumers, and organizations, and their role in reducing food waste. Rather than focusing upon the reasons for food waste itself, the chapters develop research-based solutions for the problem, providing a much-needed solution-orientated approach that takes multiple perspectives into account. Chapters 1, 2, 12 and 16 of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Author : Brink Lindsey
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2009-10-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780061739996
Until the 1950s, the struggle to feed, clothe, and employ the nation drove most of American political life. From slavery to the New Deal, political parties organized around economic interests and engaged in fervent debate over the best allocation of agonizingly scarce resources. But with the explosion of the nation's economy in the years after World War II, a new set of needs began to emerge—a search for meaning and self-expression on one side, and a quest for stability and a return to traditional values on the other. In The Age of Abundance, Brink Lindsey offers a bold reinterpretation of the latter half of the twentieth century. In this sweeping history of postwar America, the tumult of racial and gender politics, the rise of the counterculture, and the conservative revolution of the 1980s and 1990s are portrayed in an entirely new light. Readers will learn how and why the contemporary ideologies of left and right emerged in response to the novel challenges of mass prosperity. The political ideas that created the culture wars, however, have now grown obsolete. As the Washington Post aptly summarized Lindsey's take on the contradictions of American politics, "Republicans want to go home to the United States of the 1950s while Democrats want to work there." Struggling to replace today's stale conflicts is a new consensus that mixes the social freedom of the left with the economic freedom of the right into a potentially powerful ethos of libertarianism. The Age of Abundance reveals the secret formula of this remarkable alchemy. The book is a breathtaking reevaluation of our recent past—and will change the way we think about the future.
