Scepticism In The Eighteenth Century Enlightenment Lumières Aufklärung

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Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung

Sébastien Charles,Plínio J. Smith
Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century Enlightenment Lumi res Aufkl rung Book PDF

Author : Sébastien Charles,Plínio J. Smith
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400748101

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Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung by Sébastien Charles,Plínio J. Smith Pdf

The Age of Enlightenment has often been portrayed as a dogmatic period on account of the veritable worship of reason and progress that characterized Eighteenth Century thinkers. Even today the philosophes are considered to have been completely dominated in their thinking by an optimism that leads to dogmatism and ultimately rationalism. However, on closer inspection, such a conception seems untenable, not only after careful study of the impact of scepticism on numerous intellectual domains in the period, but also as a result of a better understanding of the character of the Enlightenment. As Giorgio Tonelli has rightly observed: “the Enlightenment was indeed the Age of Reason but one of the main tasks assigned to reason in that age was to set its own boundaries.” Thus, given the growing number of works devoted to the scepticism of Enlightenment thinkers, historians of philosophy have become increasingly aware of the role played by scepticism in the Eighteenth Century, even in those places once thought to be most given to dogmatism, especially Germany. Nevertheless, the deficiencies of current studies of Enlightenment scepticism are undeniable. In taking up this question in particular, the present volume, which is entirely devoted to the scepticism of the Enlightenment in both its historical and geographical dimensions, seeks to provide readers with a revaluation of the alleged decline of scepticism. At the same time it attempts to resituate the Pyrrhonian heritage within its larger context and to recapture the fundamental issues at stake. The aim is to construct an alternative conception of Enlightenment philosophy, by means of philosophical modernity itself, whose initial stages can be found herein. ​

Skepticism and Political Thought in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

John Christian Laursen,Gianni Paganini
Skepticism and Political Thought in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Book PDF

Author : John Christian Laursen,Gianni Paganini
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781442649217

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Skepticism and Political Thought in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by John Christian Laursen,Gianni Paganini Pdf

Published by the University of Toronto Press in association with the UCLA Center for Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Studies and the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library.

The Skeptical Enlightenment

Jeffrey D. Burson
The Skeptical Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey D. Burson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Literary studies: c 1600 to c 1800
ISBN : 1789625009

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The Skeptical Enlightenment by Jeffrey D. Burson Pdf

Although many historical narratives often describe the eighteenth century as an unalloyed 'Age of Reason', Enlightenment thinkers continued to grapple with the challenges posed by the revival and spread of philosophical skepticism. The imperative to overcome doubt and uncertainty informed some of the most innovative characteristics of eighteenth-century intellectual culture, including not only debates about epistemology and metaphysics but also matters of jurisprudence, theology, history, moral philosophy, and politics. Thinkers of this period debated about, established, and productively worked for progress within the parameters of the increasingly circumscribed boundaries of human reason. No longer considered innate and consistently perfect, reason instead became conceived as a faculty that was inherently fallible, limited by personal experiences, and in need of improvement throughout the course of any individual's life. In its depiction of a complicated, variegated, and diverse Enlightenment culture, this volume examines the process by which philosophical skepticism was challenged and gradually tamed to bring about an anxious confidence in the powers of human understanding. The various contributions collectively demonstrate that philosophical skepticism, and not simply unshakable confidence in the powers of reason or the optimistic assumption about inevitable human improvement, was, in fact, the crucible of the Enlightenment process itself. 'All in all, this is a volume which should be read by every scholar of the eighteenth century, of the history of ideas, and of the history of religion.''The editors are to be congratulated for bringing to fruition this volume of essays, and for making a clear and convincing argument for the importance of skepticism in the Enlightenment.'Dorinda Outram, H-France Review H-France Review Jeffrey D. Burson is Associate Professor of French History and the Enlightenment at Georgia Southern University. He is the author of 'The Rise and Fall of Theological Enlightenment: Jean-Martin de Prades and Ideological Polarization in Eighteenth-Century France' (University of Notre Dame Press, 2010), and 'The Culture of Enlightening and the Entangled Life of Abbé Claude Yvon' (University of Notre Dame Press, 2019), in addition to numerous articles and chapters in edited collections of essays. He is co-editor, with Ulrich L. Lehner, of 'Enlightenment and Catholicism in Europe: A Transnational History' (University of Notre Dame Press, 2014) and, with Jonathan Wright, of 'The Jesuit Suppression in Global Context: Causes, Events, and Consequences' (Cambridge University Press, 2015). Anton M. Matytsin is Assistant Professor of European History at Kenyon College. He is the author of 'The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016) and co-editor, with Dan Edelstein, of 'Let There Be Enlightenment: The Religious and Mystical Sources of Rationality' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018).

The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment

Anton M. Matytsin
The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Anton M. Matytsin
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-10-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781421420523

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The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment by Anton M. Matytsin Pdf

8. A Matter of Debate: Conceptions of Material Substance in the Scientific Revolution -- 9. War of the Worlds: Cartesian Vortices and Newtonian Gravitation in Eighteenth-Century Astronomy -- 10. Historical Pyrrhonism and Its Discontents -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z

Hume's Sceptical Enlightenment

Ryu Susato
Hume s Sceptical Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Ryu Susato
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780748699810

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Hume's Sceptical Enlightenment by Ryu Susato Pdf

Demonstrates the uniqueness of Hume as an Enlightenment thinker, illustrating how his 'spirit of scepticism' often leads him into seemingly paradoxical positions. This book will be of interest to Hume scholars, intellectual historians of 17th- to 19th-century Europe and those interested in the Enlightenment more widely.

Sceptical Doubt and Disbelief in Modern European Thought

Vicente Raga Rosaleny,Plínio Junqueira Smith
Sceptical Doubt and Disbelief in Modern European Thought Book PDF

Author : Vicente Raga Rosaleny,Plínio Junqueira Smith
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020-10-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030553623

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Sceptical Doubt and Disbelief in Modern European Thought by Vicente Raga Rosaleny,Plínio Junqueira Smith Pdf

This volume examines modern scepticism in all main philosophical areas: epistemology, science, metaphysics, morals, and religion. It features sixteen essays that explore its importance for modern thought. The contributions present diverse, mutually enriching interpretations of key thinkers, from Montaigne to Nietzsche. The book includes a look both at the relationship between Montaigne and Pascal and at Montaigne’s criticism of religious rationalism. It turns its attention to an investigation into the links between ancient scepticism and Bacon’s Doctrine of the Idols, as well as into the ancient problem of the criterion in Cartesian philosophy. Next, three essays focus on more general topics, like modern sceptical disturbances, clandestine literature and irreligion. Two essays investigate the role of scepticism in Bayle’s moral thinking and his theory of religious toleration. Hume’s sceptical philosophy is the subject of two papers by distinguished scholars. In addition, many contributors address the presence of scepticism in Kant and in the German Idealism, such as the role of Schulze's scepticism in the works of the young Hegel. The book closes with a paper on Nietzsche and scepticism, and an essay on the role of Popkin’s and Schmitt’s works on modern scepticism. This collection continues along a rich, fruitful path opened by Richard H. Popkin and pursued by many important scholars, like Gianni Paganini, John-Christian Laursen, and José Raimundo Maia Neto. It re-establishes that necessary dialogue between researchers of scepticism from all over the Americas, which began with Popkin, Oswaldo Porchat and Ezequiel de Olaso long ago. This insightful reflection on modern European scepticism will also serve as an important resource in the history of modern philosophy.

The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment

Anton M. Matytsin
The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Anton M. Matytsin
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9781421420530

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The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment by Anton M. Matytsin Pdf

Enlightenment confidence in the power of human reason was earned by grappling with the challenge of philosophical skepticism. The ancient Greek philosophy of Pyrrhonian skepticism spread across a wide spectrum of disciplines in the 1600s, casting a shadow over the European learned world. The early modern skeptics expressed doubt concerning the existence of an objective reality independent of human perception. They also questioned long-standing philosophical assumptions and, at times, undermined the foundations of political, moral, and religious authorities. How did eighteenth-century scholars overcome this skeptical crisis of confidence to usher in the so-called Age of Reason? In The Specter of Skepticism in the Age of Enlightenment, Anton Matytsin describes how skeptical rhetoric forced philosophers to formulate the principles and assumptions that they found to be certain or, at the very least, highly probable. In attempting to answer the deep challenge of philosophical skepticism, these thinkers explicitly articulated the rules for attaining true and certain knowledge and defined the boundaries beyond which human understanding could not venture. Matytsin explains the dialectical outcome of the philosophical disputes between the skeptics and their various opponents in France, the Dutch Republic, Switzerland, and Prussia. He shows that these exchanges transformed skepticism by mitigating its arguments while broadening the learned world’s confidence in the capacities of reason by moderating its aspirations. Ultimately, the debates about the powers and limits of human understanding led to the making of a new conception of rationality that privileged practicable reason over speculative reason. Matytsin also complicates common narratives about the Enlightenment by demonstrating that most of the thinkers who defended reason from skeptical critiques were religiously devout. By attempting either to preserve or to reconstruct the foundations of their worldviews and systems of thought, they became important agents of intellectual change and formulated new criteria of doubt and certainty. This complex and engaging book offers a powerful new explanation of how Enlightenment thinkers came to understand the purposes and the boundaries of rational inquiry.

Sextus Empiricus’ Neo-Pyrrhonism

Plínio Junqueira Smith
Sextus Empiricus Neo Pyrrhonism Book PDF

Author : Plínio Junqueira Smith
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030945183

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Sextus Empiricus’ Neo-Pyrrhonism by Plínio Junqueira Smith Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive interpretation of Sextus Empiricus based on his own view of what he calls the distinctive character of skepticism. It focuses on basic topics highlighted by this ancient philosopher concerning Pyrrhonism, a kind of skepticism named for Pyrrho: its concept, its principles, its reason, its criteria, its goals. In the first part, the author traces distinct phases in the life and philosophical development of a talented person, from the pre-philosophical phase where philosophy was perceived as the solution to life's disturbing anomalies, through his initial philosophical investigation in order to find truth where the basic experience is that of a huge disagreement between philosophers, to the final phase where he finally recognises that his experience is similar to that of the skeptical school and adheres to skepticism. The second part is devoted to explain the nature of his skepticism. It presents an original interpretation, for it claims that the central role in Sextus’ Neo-Pyrrhonism is played by a skeptical logos, a rationale or way of reasoning. This is what unifies and articulates the skeptical orientation. The skeptic goes on investigating truth, but in a new condition, for he is now tranquil, and he has a skeptical method of his own. He has also acquired a special ability in order to balance both sides of an opposition, which involves a number of different skills. Finally, the author examines the skeptical life generated by this philosophical experience where he lives a life without opinions and dogmas; it is an engaged life, deeply concerned with our everyday actions and values. Readers will gain a deeper insight into the philosophy of Pyrrhonism as presented by Sextus Empiricus, as well as understand the meaning of anomalía, zétesis, epokhé, ataraxía, and other important ideas of this philosophy.

Hume's Scepticism

Fosl Peter S. Fosl
Hume s Scepticism Book PDF

Author : Fosl Peter S. Fosl
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781474451154

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Hume's Scepticism by Fosl Peter S. Fosl Pdf

Making a sharp break with dominant contemporary readings of David Hume's scepticism Peter S. Fosl offers an original and radical interpretation of Hume as a thoroughgoing sceptic on epistemological, metaphysical and doxastic grounds. He does this by first situating Hume's thought historically in the sceptical tradition and goes on to interpret the conceptual apparatus of his work - including the Treatise, Enquiries, Essays, History, Dialogues and letters.

Common Sense in the Scottish Enlightenment

C. B. Bow
Common Sense in the Scottish Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : C. B. Bow
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191086496

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Common Sense in the Scottish Enlightenment by C. B. Bow Pdf

Common sense philosophy was one of eighteenth-century Scotland's most original intellectual products. It developed as a viable alternative to modern philosophical scepticism, known as the 'Ideal Theory' or 'the way of ideas'. The nine specially written essays in this volume explore the philosophical and historical significance of common sense philosophy in the Scottish Enlightenment. Thomas Reid and David Hume feature prominently as influential authors of competing ideas in the history and philosophy of common sense. The contributors recover anticipations of Reid's version of common sense in seventeenth-century Scottish scholasticism; revaluate Reid's position in the realism versus sentimentalism dichotomy; shed new light on the nature of the 'constitution' in the anatomy of the mind; identify changes in the nature of sense perception throughout Reid's published and unpublished works; examine Reid on the non-theist implications of Hume's philosophy; show how 'polite' literature shaped James Beattie's version of common sense; reveal Hume's response to common sense philosophers; explore English criticisms of the Scottish 'school', and how Dugald Stewart's refashioning of common sense responded to a new age and the British reception of German Idealism. In recovering the ways in which Scottish common sense philosophy developed during the long eighteenth century, this volume takes an important step toward a more complete understanding of 'the Scottish philosophy' and British philosophy more broadly in the age of Enlightenment.

Academic Scepticism in the Development of Early Modern Philosophy

Plínio Junqueira Smith,Sébastien Charles
Academic Scepticism in the Development of Early Modern Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Plínio Junqueira Smith,Sébastien Charles
Publisher : Springer
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-12-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319454245

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Academic Scepticism in the Development of Early Modern Philosophy by Plínio Junqueira Smith,Sébastien Charles Pdf

This book explores how far some leading philosophers, from Montaigne to Hume, used Academic Scepticism to build their own brand of scepticism or took it as its main sceptical target. The book offers a detailed view of the main modern key figures, including Sanches, Charron, La Mothe Le Vayer, Bacon, Gassendi, Descartes, Malebranche, Pascal, Foucher, Huet, and Bayle. In addition, it provides a comprehensive assessment of the role of Academic Scepticism in Early Modern philosophy and a complete survey of the period. As a whole, the book offers a basis for a new, balanced assessment of the role played by scepticism in both its forms. Since Richard Popkin's works, there has been considerable interest in the role played by Pyrrhonian Scepticism in Early Modern Philosophy. Comparatively, Academic Scepticism was much neglected by scholars, despite some scattered important contributions. Furthermore, a general assessment of the presence of Academic Scepticism in Early Modern Philosophy is lacking. This book fills the void.

Thinking About Oneself

Waldomiro J. Silva-Filho,Luca Tateo
Thinking About Oneself Book PDF

Author : Waldomiro J. Silva-Filho,Luca Tateo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030182663

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Thinking About Oneself by Waldomiro J. Silva-Filho,Luca Tateo Pdf

This book advances our theoretical understanding of the human experience. By overcoming dualities such as the relationship between reflection and action, it allows a more in-depth analysis of how concepts constitute complementary parts of the complex human thinking to be developed. Presenting texts written by leading philosophers and psychologists, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of theoretical elaboration, which is then used to discuss the place and value of reflection in moral and epistemic scenes. These topics are accessible to experts and young scholars in the field alike, and offer scope for further reflections that could improve our understanding beyond the existing models and “-isms”. The novelty of the book is in the dialogue established between several perspectives (e.g. philosophers and psychologists; Europe, America and Asia; etc.). The contributions of philosophers and psychologists establish a fruitful dialogue, so that readers realize that disciplinary divisions are overcome through dialogue and the common object of inquiry: the way human beings reflect and act in their everyday experiences.

The Books that Made the European Enlightenment

Gary Kates
The Books that Made the European Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Gary Kates
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350277663

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The Books that Made the European Enlightenment by Gary Kates Pdf

In contrast to traditional Enlightenment studies that focus solely on authors and ideas, Gary Kates' employs a literary lens to offer a wholly original history of the period in Europe from 1699 to 1780. Each chapter is a biography of a book which tells the story of the text from its inception through to the revolutionary era, with wider aspects of the Enlightenment era being revealed through the narrative of the book's publication and reception. Here, Kates joins new approaches to book history with more traditional intellectual history by treating authors, publishers, and readers in a balanced fashion throughout. Using a unique database of 18th-century editions representing 5,000 titles, the book looks at the multifaceted significance of bestsellers from the time. It analyses key works by Voltaire, Adam Smith, Madame de Graffigny, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and David Hume and champions the importance of a crucial innovation of the age: the rise of the 'erudite blockbuster', which for the first time in European history, helped to popularize political theory among a large portion of the middling classes. Kates also highlights how, when, and why some of these books were read in the European colonies, as well as incorporating the responses of both ordinary men and women as part of the reception histories that are so integral to the volume.

The Georgians

Penelope J. Corfield
The Georgians Book PDF

Author : Penelope J. Corfield
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300265064

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The Georgians by Penelope J. Corfield Pdf

A comprehensive history of the Georgians, comparing past views of these exciting, turbulent, and controversial times with our attitudes today The Georgian era is often seen as a time of innovations. It saw the end of monarchical absolutism, global exploration and settlements overseas, the world’s first industrial revolution, deep transformations in religious and cultural life, and Britain’s role in the international trade in enslaved Africans. But how were these changes perceived by people at the time? And how do their viewpoints compare with attitudes today? In this wide-ranging history, Penelope J. Corfield explores every aspect of Georgian life—politics and empire, culture and society, love and violence, religion and science, industry and towns. People’s responses at the time were often divided. Pessimists saw loss and decline, while optimists saw improvements and light. Out of such tensions came the Georgian culture of both experiment and resistance. Corfield emphasizes those elements of deep continuity that persisted even within major changes, and shows how new developments were challenged if their human consequences proved dire.

Academic Skepticism in Hume and Kant

Catalina González Quintero
Academic Skepticism in Hume and Kant Book PDF

Author : Catalina González Quintero
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030897505

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Academic Skepticism in Hume and Kant by Catalina González Quintero Pdf

This book offers an unprecedented study of the influence of the skepticism of the New Platonic Academy on David Hume’s and Immanuel Kant’s critiques of metaphysics. By demonstrating how the skeptical teachings of the Academy affected these authors’ Enlightened attacks on traditional metaphysics, this book deepens and broadens the burgeoning scholarship on the role that the Ancients schools of skepticism played in the configuration of Modern skeptical outlooks. It bolsters the newfound recognition that we must reconsider the conventional view that the revival of Pyrrhonism in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries gave birth to Modern skepticism by incorporating the influence of Academic skepticism in the analysis. Giving a new impetus to this line of research, the author argues that Academic ideas and methods informed Hume’s and Kant’s critique of metaphysics in substantial and thus far unacknowledged ways. Specifically, she demonstrates the centrality of Academic skepticism to Hume’s epistemology and critique of religion through a detailed analysis of his theory of belief in the Treatise and the first Enquiry as well as of its application in the Dialogues concerning Natural Religion. Likewise, her analysis reveals how Kant’s anti-metaphysical stance, developed in the Transcendental Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason, contains many skeptical insights of Academic inspiration, bequeathed to him by Hume.