Science And Anti Science

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Science and Anti-science

Gerald James Holton
Science and Anti science Book PDF

Author : Gerald James Holton
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Science
ISBN : 067479298X

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Science and Anti-science by Gerald James Holton Pdf

What is good science? What goal--if any--is the proper end of scientific activity? Is there a legitimating authority that scientists mayclaim? Howserious athreat are the anti-science movements? These questions have long been debated but, as Gerald Holton points out, every era must offer its own responses. This book examines these questions not in the abstract but shows their historic roots and the answers emerging from the scientific and political controversies of this century. Employing the case-study method and the concept of scientific thematathat he has pioneered, Holton displays the broad scope of his insight into the workings of science: from the influence of Ernst Mach on twentiethcentury physicists, biologists, psychologists, and other thinkers to the rhetorical strategies used in the work of Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, and others; from the bickering between Thomas Jefferson and the U.S. Congress over the proper form of federal sponsorship of scientific research to philosophical debates since Oswald Spengier over whether our scientific knowledge will ever be "complete." In a masterful final chapter, Holton scrutinizes the "anti-science phenomenon," the increasingly common opposition to science as practiced today. He approaches this contentious issue by examining the world views and political ambitions of the proponents of science as well as those of its opponents-the critics of "establishment science" (including even those who fear that science threatens to overwhelm the individual in the postmodern world) and the adherents of "alternative science" (Creationists, New Age "healers," astrologers). Through it all runs the thread of the author's deep historical knowledge and his humanistic understanding of science in modern culture. Science and Anti-Science will be of great interest not only to scientists and scholars in the field of science studies but also to educators, policymalcers, and all those who wish to gain a fuller understanding of challenges to and doubts about the role of science in our lives today.

Science Left Behind

Alex Berezow,Hank Campbell
Science Left Behind Book PDF

Author : Alex Berezow,Hank Campbell
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781610391658

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Science Left Behind by Alex Berezow,Hank Campbell Pdf

To listen to most pundits and political writers, evolution, stem cells, and climate change are the only scientific issues worth mentioning -- and the only people who are anti-science are conservatives. Yet those on the left have numerous fallacies of their own. Aversion to clean energy programs, basic biological research, and even life-saving vaccines come naturally to many progressives. These are positions supported by little more than junk-science and paranoid thinking. Now for the first time, science writers Dr. Alex B. Berezow and Hank Campbell have drawn open the curtain on the left's fear of science. As Science Left Behind reveals, vague inclinations about the wholesomeness of all things natural, the unhealthiness of the unnatural, and many other seductive fallacies have led to an epidemic of misinformation. The results: public health crises, damaging and misguided policies, and worst of all, a new culture war over basic scientific facts -- in which the left is just as culpable as the right.

Higher Superstition

Paul R. Gross,Norman Levitt
Higher Superstition Book PDF

Author : Paul R. Gross,Norman Levitt
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1997-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781421404875

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Higher Superstition by Paul R. Gross,Norman Levitt Pdf

The widely acclaimed response to the postmodernists attacks on science, with a new afterword. With the emergence of "cultural studies" and the blurring of once-clear academic boundaries, scholars are turning to subjects far outside their traditional disciplines and areas of expertise. In Higher Superstition scientists Paul Gross and Norman Levitt raise serious questions about the growing criticism of science by humanists and social scientists on the "academic left." This edition of Higher Superstition includes a new afterword by the authors.

Preventing the Next Pandemic

Peter J. Hotez
Preventing the Next Pandemic Book PDF

Author : Peter J. Hotez
Publisher : er
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-02
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781421440385

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Preventing the Next Pandemic by Peter J. Hotez Pdf

Touching on a range of disease, from leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) to COVID-19, Preventing the Next Pandemic has always been a timely goal, but it will be even more important in a COVID and post-COVID world.

The Instrument of Science

Darrell P. Rowbottom
The Instrument of Science Book PDF

Author : Darrell P. Rowbottom
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429666292

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The Instrument of Science by Darrell P. Rowbottom Pdf

Roughly, instrumentalism is the view that science is primarily, and should primarily be, an instrument for furthering our practical ends. It has fallen out of favour because historically influential variants of the view, such as logical positivism, suffered from serious defects. In this book, however, Darrell P. Rowbottom develops a new form of instrumentalism, which is more sophisticated and resilient than its predecessors. This position—‘cognitive instrumentalism’—involves three core theses. First, science makes theoretical progress primarily when it furnishes us with more predictive power or understanding concerning observable things. Second, scientific discourse concerning unobservable things should only be taken literally in so far as it involves observable properties or analogies with observable things. Third, scientific claims about unobservable things are probably neither approximately true nor liable to change in such a way as to increase in truthlikeness. There are examples from science throughout the book, and Rowbottom demonstrates at length how cognitive instrumentalism fits with the development of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century chemistry and physics, and especially atomic theory. Drawing upon this history, Rowbottom also argues that there is a kind of understanding, empirical understanding, which we can achieve without having true, or even approximately true, representations of unobservable things. In closing the book, he sets forth his view on how the distinction between the observable and unobservable may be drawn, and compares cognitive instrumentalism with key contemporary alternatives such as structural realism, constructive empiricism, and semirealism. Overall, this book offers a strong defence of instrumentalism that will be of interest to scholars and students working on the debate about realism in philosophy of science.

How to Talk to a Science Denier

Lee McIntyre
How to Talk to a Science Denier Book PDF

Author : Lee McIntyre
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262545051

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How to Talk to a Science Denier by Lee McIntyre Pdf

Can we change the minds of science deniers? Encounters with flat earthers, anti-vaxxers, coronavirus truthers, and others. "Climate change is a hoax--and so is coronavirus." "Vaccines are bad for you." These days, many of our fellow citizens reject scientific expertise and prefer ideology to facts. They are not merely uninformed--they are misinformed. They cite cherry-picked evidence, rely on fake experts, and believe conspiracy theories. How can we convince such people otherwise? How can we get them to change their minds and accept the facts when they don't believe in facts? In this book, Lee McIntyre shows that anyone can fight back against science deniers, and argues that it's important to do so. Science denial can kill. Drawing on his own experience--including a visit to a Flat Earth convention--as well as academic research, McIntyre outlines the common themes of science denialism, present in misinformation campaigns ranging from tobacco companies' denial in the 1950s that smoking causes lung cancer to today's anti-vaxxers. He describes attempts to use his persuasive powers as a philosopher to convert Flat Earthers; surprising discussions with coal miners; and conversations with a scientist friend about genetically modified organisms in food. McIntyre offers tools and techniques for communicating the truth and values of science, emphasizing that the most important way to reach science deniers is to talk to them calmly and respectfully--to put ourselves out there, and meet them face to face.

The Republican War on Science

Chris Mooney
The Republican War on Science Book PDF

Author : Chris Mooney
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780465003860

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The Republican War on Science by Chris Mooney Pdf

Science has never been more crucial to deciding the political issues facing the country. Yet science and scientists have less influence with the federal government than at any time since Richard Nixon fired his science advisors. In the White House and Congress today, findings are reported in a politicized manner; spun or distorted to fit the speaker's agenda; or, when they're too inconvenient, ignored entirely. On a broad array of issues-stem cell research, climate change, evolution, sex education, product safety, environmental regulation, and many others-the Bush administration's positions fly in the face of overwhelming scientific consensus. Federal science agencies-once fiercely independent under both Republican and Democratic presidents-are increasingly staffed by political appointees who know industry lobbyists and evangelical activists far better than they know the science. This is not unique to the Bush administration, but it is largely a Republican phenomenon, born of a conservative dislike of environmental, health, and safety regulation, and at the extremes, of evolution and legalized abortion. In The Republican War on Science, Chris Mooney ties together the disparate strands of the attack on science into a compelling and frightening account of our government's increasing unwillingness to distinguish between legitimate research and ideologically driven pseudoscience.

Anti-science and the Assault on Democracy

Michael J. Thompson,Gregory R. Smulewicz-Zucker
Anti science and the Assault on Democracy Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Thompson,Gregory R. Smulewicz-Zucker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781633884748

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Anti-science and the Assault on Democracy by Michael J. Thompson,Gregory R. Smulewicz-Zucker Pdf

Defending the role that science must play in democratic society--science defined not just in terms of technology but as a way of approaching problems and viewing the world. In this collection of original essays, experts in political science, the hard sciences, philosophy, history, and other disciplines examine contemporary anti-science trends, and make a strong case that respect for science is essential for a healthy democracy. The editors note that a contradiction lies at the heart of modern society. On the one hand, we inhabit a world increasingly dominated by science and technology. On the other, opposition to science is prevalent in many forms--from arguments against the teaching of evolution and the denial of climate change to the promotion of alternative medicine and outlandish claims about the effects of vaccinations. Adding to this grass-roots hostility toward science are academics espousing postmodern relativism, which equates the methods of science with regimes of "power-knowledge." While these cultural trends are sometimes marketed in the name of "democratic pluralism," the contributors contend that such views are actually destructive of a broader culture appropriate for a democratic society. This is especially true when facts are degraded as "fake news" and scientists are dismissed as elitists. Rather than enhancing the capacity for rational debate and critical discourse, the authors view such anti-science stances on either the right or the left as a return to premodern forms of subservience to authority and an unwillingness to submit beliefs to rational scrutiny. Beyond critiquing attitudes hostile to science, the essays in this collection put forward a positive vision for how we might better articulate the relation between science and democracy and the benefits that accrue from cultivating this relationship.

Science by the People

Aya H. Kimura,Abby Kinchy
Science by the People Book PDF

Author : Aya H. Kimura,Abby Kinchy
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780813595092

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Science by the People by Aya H. Kimura,Abby Kinchy Pdf

Longlisted for the Fleck Prize from the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S) Citizen science—research involving nonprofessionals in the research process—has attracted both strong enthusiasts and detractors. Many environmental professionals, activists, and scholars consider citizen science part of their toolkit for addressing environmental challenges. Critics, however, contend that it represents a corporate takeover of scientific priorities. In this timely book, two sociologists move beyond this binary debate by analyzing the tensions and dilemmas that citizen science projects commonly face. Key lessons are drawn from case studies where citizen scientists have investigated the impact of shale oil and gas, nuclear power, and genetically engineered crops. These studies show that diverse citizen science projects face shared dilemmas relating to austerity pressures, presumed boundaries between science and activism, and difficulties moving between scales of environmental problems. By unpacking the politics of citizen science, this book aims to help people negotiate a complex political landscape and choose paths moving toward social change and environmental sustainability.

Why Trust Science?

Naomi Oreskes
Why Trust Science Book PDF

Author : Naomi Oreskes
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-04-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691212265

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Why Trust Science? by Naomi Oreskes Pdf

Why the social character of scientific knowledge makes it trustworthy Are doctors right when they tell us vaccines are safe? Should we take climate experts at their word when they warn us about the perils of global warming? Why should we trust science when so many of our political leaders don't? Naomi Oreskes offers a bold and compelling defense of science, revealing why the social character of scientific knowledge is its greatest strength—and the greatest reason we can trust it. Tracing the history and philosophy of science from the late nineteenth century to today, this timely and provocative book features a new preface by Oreskes and critical responses by climate experts Ottmar Edenhofer and Martin Kowarsch, political scientist Jon Krosnick, philosopher of science Marc Lange, and science historian Susan Lindee, as well as a foreword by political theorist Stephen Macedo.

The Myth of an Anti-Science Church

Gerard M. Verschuuren
The Myth of an Anti Science Church Book PDF

Author : Gerard M. Verschuuren
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-01-08
Category : Religion
ISBN : 1621384276

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The Myth of an Anti-Science Church by Gerard M. Verschuuren Pdf

In this outstanding work, Gerard Verschuuren responds to the popular myth that the Catholic Church is "anti-science." Clearly distinguishing between research and ideology, he probes the scientific discoveries and the non-scientific convictions of Galileo Galilei, Charles Darwin, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Stephen Hawking, and Richard Dawkins.

Don't Be Such a Scientist, Second Edition

Randy Olson
Don t Be Such a Scientist Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Randy Olson
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-04-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781610919173

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Don't Be Such a Scientist, Second Edition by Randy Olson Pdf

In Don't Be Such a Scientist, Randy Olson shares lessons of his transformation from tenured professor to Hollywood filmmaker, challenging the science world to toss out its stodgy past in favor of something more dymanic --and ultimately more human. In this second edition, Olson buils upon the radical approach of Don't Be Such a Scientist throught timely updates and new stories. In his signature candid style, Olson weighs in on recent events in the science community, celebrating the rise in grassroots activism while critiquing the scientific establishment. In an age of renewed attack on science, Don't Be Such a Scientist, Second Edition is a provocative guide to making your voice heard.--

American Science in an Age of Anxiety

Jessica Wang
American Science in an Age of Anxiety Book PDF

Author : Jessica Wang
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780807867105

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American Science in an Age of Anxiety by Jessica Wang Pdf

No professional group in the United States benefited more from World War II than the scientific community. After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists enjoyed unprecedented public visibility and political influence as a new elite whose expertise now seemed critical to America's future. But as the United States grew committed to Cold War conflict with the Soviet Union and the ideology of anticommunism came to dominate American politics, scientists faced an increasingly vigorous regimen of security and loyalty clearances as well as the threat of intrusive investigations by the notorious House Committee on Un-American Activities and other government bodies. This book is the first major study of American scientists' encounters with Cold War anticommunism in the decade after World War II. By examining cases of individual scientists subjected to loyalty and security investigations, the organizational response of the scientific community to political attacks, and the relationships between Cold War ideology and postwar science policy, Jessica Wang demonstrates the stifling effects of anticommunist ideology on the politics of science. She exposes the deep divisions over the Cold War within the scientific community and provides a complex story of hard choices, a community in crisis, and roads not taken.

The War on Science

Shawn Otto
The War on Science Book PDF

Author : Shawn Otto
Publisher : Milkweed Editions
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781571319524

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The War on Science by Shawn Otto Pdf

An “insightful” and in-depth look at anti-science politics and its deadly results (Maria Konnikova, New York Times–bestselling author of The Biggest Bluff). Thomas Jefferson said, “Wherever the people are well informed, they can be trusted with their own government.” But what happens when they aren’t? From climate change to vaccinations, transportation to technology, health care to defense, we are in the midst of an unprecedented expansion of scientific progress—and a simultaneous expansion of danger. At the very time we need them most, scientists and the very idea of objective knowledge are being bombarded by a vast, well-funded war on science, and the results are deadly. Whether it’s driven by identity politics, ideology, or industry, the result is an unprecedented erosion of thought in Western democracies as voters, policymakers, and justices actively ignore scientific evidence, leaving major policy decisions to be based more on the demands of the most strident voices. This compelling book investigates the historical, social, philosophical, political, and emotional reasons why evidence-based politics are in decline and authoritarian politics are once again on the rise on both left and right—and provides some compelling solutions to bring us to our collective senses, before it's too late. “If you care about attacks on climate science and the rise of authoritarianism, if you care about biased media coverage and shake-your-head political tomfoolery, this book is for you.”—The Guardian

Seeds of Science

Mark Lynas
Seeds of Science Book PDF

Author : Mark Lynas
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-05
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781472946959

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Seeds of Science by Mark Lynas Pdf

'Mark Lynas is a saint' Sunday Times 'Fluent, persuasive and surely right.' Evening Standard Mark Lynas was one of the original GM field wreckers. Back in the 1990s – working undercover with his colleagues in the environmental movement – he would descend on trial sites of genetically modified crops at night and hack them to pieces. Two decades later, most people around the world – from New York to China – still think that 'GMO' foods are bad for their health or likely to damage the environment. But Mark has changed his mind. This book explains why. In 2013, in a world-famous recantation speech, Mark apologised for having destroyed GM crops. He spent the subsequent years touring Africa and Asia, and working with plant scientists who are using this technology to help smallholder farmers in developing countries cope better with pests, diseases and droughts. This book lifts the lid on the anti-GMO craze and shows how science was left by the wayside as a wave of public hysteria swept the world. Mark takes us back to the origins of the technology and introduces the scientific pioneers who invented it. He explains what led him to question his earlier assumptions about GM food, and talks to both sides of this fractious debate to see what still motivates worldwide opposition today. In the process he asks – and answers – the killer question: how did we all get it so wrong on GMOs? 'An important contribution to an issue with enormous potential for benefiting humanity.' Stephen Pinker 'I warmly recommend it.' Philip Pullman