Science In China 1600 1900

Author : Yi Kai Ho
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9789814651127

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Science in China, 1600–1900 by Yi Kai Ho Pdf

Distinguished historian Benjamin A Elman's collective volume on the history of science in imperial China, brings together over 30 years of historical literature on the subject. With updates to the literature and new material including transcripts of podcasts and translated interview articles, Science in China takes the reader on a journey starting in the early 17th century with the missionary efforts of the Jesuits in China, and ending with the Protestant missions in the 19th century. These two milestone encounters brought Western sciences to local Chinese scholars with great success in shaping modern Chinese science. Elman studies the interaction between Western and Chinese sciences through philological research and evidence, and treats the two encounters not as separate events but as a continuum of creative exchange of scientific knowledge and discourse. Contents:Introduction — From Value to Fact: The Emergence of Phonology as a Precise Discipline in Late Imperial China Native Traditions of Natural Studies during the Ming–Qing Transition, 1600–1800Some Comparative Issues — Ming–Qing Border Defense and Jesuit Learning in Late Imperial ChinaThe Jesuit Role as "Technical Experts" in "High Qing" Western Learning and Evidential Research in the 18th Century The China Prize Essay Contest and the Late Qing Promotion of Modern ScienceThe Great Reversal: The "Rise of Japan" and the "Fall of China" after 1895Rethinking the 20th-Century Denigration of Traditional Chinese Science and Medicine in the 21st Century Readership: Undergraduates and researchers in history of science, Chinese history, history of Chinese science, philology, and history of East Asia and East Asian science. Key Features:Comprehensive volume on all writings of renown East Asian historian Benjamin A Elman on the history of science in imperial ChinaNew material and previously published works updated with contemporary research findingsKeywords:History of Science;Chinese History;Science in China;1600–1900;History;China

Author : Benjamin A. Elman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674036475

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On Their Own Terms by Benjamin A. Elman Pdf

In On Their Own Terms, Benjamin A. Elman offers a much-needed synthesis of early Chinese science during the Jesuit period (1600-1800) and the modern sciences as they evolved in China under Protestant influence (1840s-1900). By 1600 Europe was ahead of Asia in producing basic machines, such as clocks, levers, and pulleys, that would be necessary for the mechanization of agriculture and industry. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Elman shows, Europeans still sought from the Chinese their secrets of producing silk, fine textiles, and porcelain, as well as large-scale tea cultivation. Chinese literati borrowed in turn new algebraic notations of Hindu-Arabic origin, Tychonic cosmology, Euclidian geometry, and various computational advances. Since the middle of the nineteenth century, imperial reformers, early Republicans, Guomindang party cadres, and Chinese Communists have all prioritized science and technology. In this book, Elman gives a nuanced account of the ways in which native Chinese science evolved over four centuries, under the influence of both Jesuit and Protestant missionaries. In the end, he argues, the Chinese produced modern science on their own terms.

Author : Benjamin A. Elman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674036482

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A Cultural History of Modern Science in China by Benjamin A. Elman Pdf

Historians of science and Sinologists have long needed a unified narrative to describe the Chinese development of modern science, medicine, and technology since 1600. They welcomed the appearance in 2005 of Benjamin Elman's masterwork, On Their Own Terms. Now Elman has retold the story of the Jesuit impact on late imperial China, circa 1600-1800, and the Protestant era in early modern China from the 1840s to 1900 in a concise and accessible form ideal for the classroom. This coherent account of the emergence of modern science in China places that emergence in historical context for both general students of modern science and specialists of China.

Author : Benjamin A. Elman,Alexander Woodside
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2023-11-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520913639

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Education and Society in Late Imperial China, 1600-1900 by Benjamin A. Elman,Alexander Woodside Pdf

This comprehensive volume integrates the history of late imperial China with the history of education over three centuries, revealing the significance of education in Chinese social, political, and intellectual life. A collaboration between social and intellectual historians, these fifteen essays provide the most wide-ranging study in English on China's education in the centuries before the modern revolution.

Author : Joseph Needham
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Alchemy
ISBN : 0521210283

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Science and Civilisation in China by Joseph Needham Pdf

Author : Joseph Needham
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Science
ISBN : 0674794397

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Science in Traditional China by Joseph Needham Pdf

The world's preeminent authority on Chinese science explores the philosophy, social structure, arts, crafts, and even military strategies that form our understanding of Chinese science, making instructive comparisons along the way to similar elements of Indian, Hellenistic, and Arabic cultures. A major portion of the book concentrates on Taoist alchemy that led not only to the invention of gunpowder and firearms, but also, through the search for macrobiotic life-elixirs, to the rise of modern medical chemistry.

Author : George Beshore
Publisher : Franklin Watts
Page : 63 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 0531113345

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Science in Ancient China by George Beshore Pdf

Surveys the achievements of the ancient Chinese in science, medicine, astronomy, and cosmology, and describes such innovations as rockets, wells, the compass, water wheels, and movable type.

Author : Joseph Needham,Ling Wang
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 746 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1956-01-03
Category : History
ISBN : 0521058007

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Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 2, History of Scientific Thought by Joseph Needham,Ling Wang Pdf

The second volume of Dr Joseph Needham's great work Science and Civilisation in China is devoted to the history of scientific thought. Beginning with ancient times, it describes the Confucian milieu in which arose the organic naturalism of the great Taoist school, the scientific philosophy of the Mohists and Logicians, and the quantitative materialism of the Legalists. Thus we are brought on to the fundamental ideas which dominated scientific thinking in the Chinese middle ages. The author opens his discussion by considering the remote and pictographic origins of words fundamental in scientific discourse, and then sets forth the influential doctrines of the Two Forces and the Five Elements. Subsequently he writes of the important sceptical tradition, the effects of Buddhist thought, and the Neo-Confucian climax of Chinese naturalism. Last comes a discussion of the conception of Laws of Nature in China and the West.

Author : Jonathan Porter
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 411 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-02-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781442222939

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Imperial China, 1350–1900 by Jonathan Porter Pdf

This clear and engaging book provides a concise overview of the Ming-Qing epoch (1368–1912), China’s last imperial age. Beginning with the end of the Mongol domination of China in 1368, this five-century period was remarkable for its continuity and stability until its downfall in the Revolution of 1911. Viewing the Ming and Qing dynasties as a coherent era characterized by the fruition of diverse developments from earliest times, Jonathan Porter traces the growth of imperial autocracy, the role of the educated Confucian elite as custodians of cultural authority, the significance of ritual as the grounding of political and social order, the tension between monarchy and bureaucracy in political discourse, the evolution of Chinese cultural identity, and the perception of the “barbarian” and other views of the world beyond China. As the climax of traditional Chinese history and the harbinger of modern China in the twentieth century, Porter argues that imperial China must be explored for its own sake as well as for the essential foundation it provides in understanding contemporary China, and indeed world history writ large.

Author : Benjamin A. Elman
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 900 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2000-03-22
Category : History
ISBN : 052092147X

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A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China by Benjamin A. Elman Pdf

In this multidimensional analysis, Benjamin A. Elman uses over a thousand newly available examination records from the Yuan, Ming, and Ch'ing dynasties, 1315-1904, to explore the social, political, and cultural dimensions of the civil examination system, one of the most important institutions in Chinese history. For over five hundred years, the most important positions within the dynastic government were usually filled through these difficult examinations, and every other year some one to two million people from all levels of society attempted them. Covering the late imperial system from its inception to its demise, Elman revises our previous understanding of how the system actually worked, including its political and cultural machinery, the unforeseen consequences when it was unceremoniously scrapped by modernist reformers, and its long-term historical legacy. He argues that the Ming-Ch'ing civil examinations from 1370 to 1904 represented a substantial break with T'ang-Sung dynasty literary examinations from 650 to 1250. Late imperial examinations also made "Tao Learning," Neo-Confucian learning, the dynastic orthodoxy in official life and in literati culture. The intersections between elite social life, popular culture, and religion that are also considered reveal the full scope of the examination process throughout the late empire.

Author : Institute of National Science Staff,Chinese Academy of Science Staff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1983-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0835112357

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Ancient China's Technology and Science by Institute of National Science Staff,Chinese Academy of Science Staff Pdf

Author : Li Shi
Publisher : DeepLogic
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-13
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The History of Science and Technology in Qin and Han Dynasty  by Li Shi Pdf

The book is the volume of “The History of Science and Technology in Qin and Han Dynasty ” among a series of books of “Deep into China Histories”. The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) and the Bamboo Annals (296 BC) describe a Xia dynasty (c. 2070–1600 BC) before the Shang, but no writing is known from the period The Shang ruled in the Yellow River valley, which is commonly held to be the cradle of Chinese civilization. However, Neolithic civilizations originated at various cultural centers along both the Yellow River and Yangtze River. These Yellow River and Yangtze civilizations arose millennia before the Shang. With thousands of years of continuous history, China is one of the world's oldest civilizations, and is regarded as one of the cradles of civilization.The Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) supplanted the Shang and introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. The central Zhou government began to weaken due to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BC, and the country eventually splintered into smaller states during the Spring and Autumn period. These states became independent and warred with one another in the following Warring States period. Much of traditional Chinese culture, literature and philosophy first developed during those troubled times.In 221 BC Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring states and created for himself the title of Huangdi or "emperor" of the Qin, marking the beginning of imperial China. However, the oppressive government fell soon after his death, and was supplanted by the longer-lived Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Successive dynasties developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the emperor to control vast territories directly. In the 21 centuries from 206 BC until AD 1912, routine administrative tasks were handled by a special elite of scholar-officials. Young men, well-versed in calligraphy, history, literature, and philosophy, were carefully selected through difficult government examinations. China's last dynasty was the Qing (1644–1912), which was replaced by the Republic of China in 1912, and in the mainland by the People's Republic of China in 1949.Chinese history has alternated between periods of political unity and peace, and periods of war and failed statehood – the most recent being the Chinese Civil War (1927–1949). China was occasionally dominated by steppe peoples, most of whom were eventually assimilated into the Han Chinese culture and population. Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China; in some eras control stretched as far as Xinjiang and Tibet, as at present. Traditional culture, and influences from other parts of Asia and the Western world (carried by waves of immigration, cultural assimilation, expansion, and foreign contact), form the basis of the modern culture of China.

Author : Nathan Sivin
Publisher : Variorum Publishing
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015038416965

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Science in Ancient China by Nathan Sivin Pdf

A collection of essays which presents insights into the Chinese scientific tradition and its interaction with Western science. An introductory overview and biographical assessments of Shen Kua and Wang Hsi-shan are included in the discussion.

Author : Joseph Needham
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1976-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521210283

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Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 3, Spagyrical Discovery and Invention: Historical Survey from Cinnabar Elixirs to Synthetic Insulin by Joseph Needham Pdf

The fifth volume of Dr Needham's immense undertaking, like the fourth, is subdivided into parts for ease of presentation and assimilation, each part bound and published separately. The volume as a whole covers the subjects of alchemy, early chemistry, and chemical technology (which includes military invention, especially gunpowder; paper and printing; textiles; mining and metallurgy; the salt industry; and ceramics).

Author : Joseph Needham
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 1146 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1959
Category : History
ISBN : 0521058015

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Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth by Joseph Needham Pdf

After two volumes mainly introductory, Dr Needham now embarks upon his systematic study of the development of the natural sciences in China. The Sciences of the Earth follow: geography and cartography, geology, seismology and mineralogy. Dr Needham distinguishes parallel traditions of scientific cartography and religious cosmography in East and West, discussing orbocentric wheel-maps, the origins of the rectangular grid system, sailing charts and relief maps, Chinese survey methods, and the impact of Renaissance cartography on the East. Finally-and here Dr Needham's work has no Western predecessors-there are full accounts of the Chinese contribution to geology and mineralogy.