Scientific Challenges To Common Sense Philosophy

Author : Rik Peels,Jeroen de Ridder,René van Woudenberg
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351064200

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Scientific Challenges to Common Sense Philosophy by Rik Peels,Jeroen de Ridder,René van Woudenberg Pdf

Common sense philosophy holds that widely and deeply held beliefs are justified in the absence of defeaters. While this tradition has always had its philosophical detractors who have defended various forms of skepticism or have sought to develop rival epistemological views, recent advances in several scientific disciplines claim to have debunked the reliability of the faculties that produce our common sense beliefs. At the same time, however, it seems reasonable that we cannot do without common sense beliefs entirely. Arguably, science and the scientific method are built on, and continue to depend on, common sense. This collection of essays debates the tenability of common sense in the face of recent challenges from the empirical sciences. It explores to what extent scientific considerations—rather than philosophical considerations—put pressure on common sense philosophy. The book is structured in a way that promotes dialogue between philosophers and scientists. Noah Lemos, one of the most influential contemporary advocates of the common sense tradition, begins with an overview of the nature and scope of common sense beliefs, and examines philosophical objections to common sense and its relationship to scientific beliefs. Then, the volume features essays by scientists and philosophers of science who discuss various proposed conflicts between commonsensical and scientific beliefs: the reality of space and time, about the nature of human beings, about free will and identity, about rationality, about morality, and about religious belief. Notable philosophers who embrace the common sense tradition respond to these essays to explore the connection between common sense philosophy and contemporary debates in evolutionary biology, neuroscience, physics, and psychology.

Author : Radu J. Bogdan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1991-07-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521402018

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Mind and Common Sense by Radu J. Bogdan Pdf

In this volume a variety of positions on common sense psychology from critical to supportive, from exegetical to speculative, are represented.

Author : Maurice Mandelbaum
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781421431703

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Philosophy, Science, and Sense Perception by Maurice Mandelbaum Pdf

Originally published in 1964. In four essays, Professor Mandelbaum challenges some of the most common assumptions of contemporary epistemology. Through historical analyses and critical argument, he attempts to show that one cannot successfully sever the connections between philosophic and scientific accounts of sense perception. While each essay is independent of the others, and the argument of each must therefore be judged on its own merits, one theme is common to all: that critical realism, as Mandelbaum calls it, is a viable epistemological position, even though some schools of thought hold it in low esteem.

Author : Thomas Reid
Publisher : DigiCat
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-29
Category : Fiction
ISBN : EAN:8596547024637

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An Inquiry into the Human Mind: On the Principles of Common Sense by Thomas Reid Pdf

Thomas Reid's Inquiry is one of the classic philosophical texts. Since its first publication in 1764, there have followed no less than forty editions. Yet, not all the writings of Thomas Reid were included in the edition. Reid is known to oppose the views of Descartes, Locke, and Hume. Reid's epistemology is based on human perception. When you see a tree, you don't find reasoning to believe that it is thereby means of rational arguments (Descartes). You don't need to compare your belief that the tree is there with other beliefs derived from experience (Locke). You simply believe it exists because you see it in front of you. The philosopher points out that a skeptic who doubts that the tree is there is being dishonest.

Author : S. Boulter
Publisher : Springer
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2007-06-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780230223134

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The Rediscovery of Common Sense Philosophy by S. Boulter Pdf

This book is a defence of the philosophy of common sense in the spirit of Thomas Reid and G.E. Moore, drawing on the work of Aristotle, evolutionary biology and psychology, and historical studies on the origins of early modern philosophy. It defines and explores common sense beliefs, and defends them from challenges from prominent philosophers.

Author : Antonio Livi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Common sense
ISBN : 9791935790906

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A Philosophy of Common Sense by Antonio Livi Pdf

Author : Benjamin W. Redekop
Publisher : Anthem Press
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781785275517

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Common Sense and Science from Aristotle to Reid by Benjamin W. Redekop Pdf

Common Sense and Science from Aristotle to Reid reveals that thinkers have pondered the nature of common sense and its relationship to science and scientific thinking for a very long time. It demonstrates how a diverse array of neglected early modern thinkers turn out to have been on the right track for understanding how the mind makes sense of the world and how basic features of the human mind and cognition are related to scientific theory and practice. Drawing on a wealth of primary sources and scholarship from the history of ideas, cognitive science, and the history and philosophy of science, this book helps readers understand the fundamental historical and philosophical relationship between common sense and science.

Author : Timothy Williamson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-08-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192555458

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Doing Philosophy by Timothy Williamson Pdf

What are philosophers trying to achieve? How can they succeed? Does philosophy make progress? Is it in competition with science, or doing something completely different, or neither? Timothy Williamson tackles some of the key questions surrounding philosophy in new and provocative ways, showing how philosophy begins in common sense curiosity, and develops through our capacity to dispute rationally with each other. Discussing philosophy's ability to clarify our thoughts, he explains why such clarification depends on the development of philosophical theories, and how those theories can be tested by imaginative thought experiments, and compared against each other by standards similar to those used in the natural and social sciences. He also shows how logical rigour can be understood as a way of enhancing the explanatory power of philosophical theories. Drawing on the history of philosophy to provide a track record of philosophical thinking's successes and failures, Williamson overturns widely held dogmas about the distinctive nature of philosophy in comparison to the sciences, demystifies its methods, and considers the future of the discipline. From thought experiments, to deduction, to theories, this little book will cause you to totally rethink what philosophy is.

Author : Rik Peels,René van Woudenberg
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108476003

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The Cambridge Companion to Common-Sense Philosophy by Rik Peels,René van Woudenberg Pdf

A comprehensive exploration of the historical development and philosophical importance of common-sense philosophy.

Author : Herman Philipse
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199697533

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God in the Age of Science? by Herman Philipse Pdf

Herman Philipse puts forward a powerful new critique of belief in God. He examines the strategies that have been used for the philosophical defence of religious belief, and by careful reasoning casts doubt on the legitimacy of relying on faith instead of evidence, and on probabilistic arguments for the existence of God.

Author : Noah Lemos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2004-08-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139454582

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Common Sense by Noah Lemos Pdf

In this 2004 book, Noah Lemos presents a strong defense of the common sense tradition, the view that we may take as data for philosophical inquiry many of the things we ordinarily think we know. He discusses the main features of that tradition as expounded by Thomas Reid, G. E. Moore and Roderick Chisholm. For a long time common sense philosophers have been subject to two main objections: that they fail to give any non-circular argument for the reliability of memory and perception; and that they pick out instances of knowledge without knowing a criterion for knowledge. Lemos defends the appeal to what we ordinarily think we know in both epistemology and ethics and thus rejects the charge that common sense is dogmatic, unphilosophical or question-begging. Written in a clear and engaging style, this book will appeal to students and philosophers in epistemology and ethics.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 442 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-13
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9789004457447

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Cognitive Patterns in Science and Common Sense by Anonim Pdf

This collection of 17 articles offers an overview of the philosophical activities of a group of philosophers (who have been) working at the Groningen University. The meta-methodological assumption which unifies the research of this group, holds that there is a way to do philosophy which is a middle course between abstract normative philosophy of science and descriptive social studies of science. On the one hand it is argued with social studies of science that philosophy should take notice of what scientists actually do. On the other hand, however, it is claimed that philosophy can and should aim to reveal cognitive patterns in the processes and products of scientific and common sense knowledge. Since it is thought that those patterns can function as guidelines in new research and/or in research in other disciplines, philosophy can nevertheless hold on to the normative aim which is characteristic of 'classical' philosophy of science. Compared to this common assumption, there is a diversity of subjects. Some papers deal with general problems of science, knowledge, cognition and argumentation, others with topics relating to foundational problems of particular sciences. Therefore this volume is of interest to philosophers of science, to philosophers of knowledge and argumentation in general, to philosophers of mind, as well as for scientists working in the physical and applied sciences, biology, psychology and economy who are interested in the foundations of their disciplines. After a foreword by Leszek Nowak and a general introduction by the editors, the book is divided into four parts, with special introductions. - I: Conceptual Analysis in Service of Various Research Programmes (Henk Zandvoort, Rein Vos, Rick Looijen, Gerben Stavenga, Renée Dalitz); - II: The Logic of the Evaluation of Arguments, Hypotheses, Default Rules, and Interesting Theorems (Erik Krabbe, Theo Kuipers, Alfons Keupink, Maarten Janssen/Yao-Hua Tan, Bert Hamminga); - III: Three Challenges to the Truth Approximation Programme (Sjoerd Zwart, Hinne Hettema/Theo Kuipers, Roberto Festa); - IV: Explicating Psychological Intuitions (Anne-Ruth Mackor, Jeanne Peijnenburg, Lex Guichard, Michel ter Hark). The Groningen research group was recently qualified, by an official international assessment committee, as one of the best philosophy research groups in the Netherlands.

Author : Jan Bransen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-05-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351745413

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Don't be Fooled by Jan Bransen Pdf

In the debate leading up to the EU referendum in the United Kingdom, the British politician Michael Gove declared that "people in this country have had enough of experts". In the 2016 Presidential campaign in the United States, Donald Trump waged a war against the very idea of expertise. Yet if you are worried about your child's behaviour, don't know which laptop to buy, or just want to get fit, the answer is easy: ask an expert. Where do we draw the line? Why do we appear to know more and more collectively, yet less and less individually? Has expertise painted itself into a corner? Can we defend both science and common sense? In this engaging and much-needed book Jan Bransen explores these important questions and more. He argues that the rise of behavioural sciences has caused a sea change in the relationship between science and common sense. He shows how - as recently as the 1960s - common sense and science were allies in the battle against ignorance, but that since then populism and chauvinism have claimed common sense as their own. Bransen argues that common sense is a collection of interrelated skills that draw on both an automatic pilot and an investigative attitude where we ask ourselves the right questions. It is the very attitude of open-minded inquiry and questioning that Bransen believes we are at risk of losing in the face of an army of experts. Drawing on fascinating examples such as language and communication, money, the imaginary world of Endoxa, domestic violence, and quality of life, Don't be Fooled: A Philosophy of Common Sense is a brilliant and wry defence of a skill that is a vital part of being human.

Author : Sam Harris
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781439171226

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The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris Pdf

Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith--that a moral system cannot be based on science.

Author : James Ladyman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134597901

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Understanding Philosophy of Science by James Ladyman Pdf

Few can imagine a world without telephones or televisions; many depend on computers and the Internet as part of daily life. Without scientific theory, these developments would not have been possible. In this exceptionally clear and engaging introduction to philosophy of science, James Ladyman explores the philosophical questions that arise when we reflect on the nature of the scientific method and the knowledge it produces. He discusses whether fundamental philosophical questions about knowledge and reality might be answered by science, and considers in detail the debate between realists and antirealists about the extent of scientific knowledge. Along the way, central topics in philosophy of science, such as the demarcation of science from non-science, induction, confirmation and falsification, the relationship between theory and observation and relativism are all addressed. Important and complex current debates over underdetermination, inference to the best explaination and the implications of radical theory change are clarified and clearly explained for those new to the subject.