Security Assistance In The Persian Gulf And The Roots Of The Nixon Doctrine

Author : Marc W. Jasper
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1997-12-01
Category : Persian Gulf Region
ISBN : 1423562933

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Security Assistance in the Persian Gulf and the Roots of the Nixon Doctrine by Marc W. Jasper Pdf

This thesis examines the origins and consequences of U.S. security assistance in the Persian Gulf. I argue that the American policy of creating regional superpowers' in the Gulf has failed to adequately secure U.S. interests. It has had the unintended consequence of increasing instability. The failure of the twin pillars' policy - as the Nixon Doctrine became known in the Gulf - is evidenced by the fall of one pillar (the Shah's Iran), serious domestic troubles in the second pillar (Saudi Arabia), and, most important, the advent of a large, continuous and direct U.S. military presence in the Gulf. Such a U.S. presence is what the policy was designed to prevent. Further, I offer an original interpretation of the origins of the Nixon Doctrine. Only tangentially related to Vietnam, the Nixon Doctrine was centrally concerned with the Gulf, and in particular with providing security resources to Iran and Saudi Arabia to safeguard U.S. interests. The doctrine was driven as much by domestic political pressures as it was by geostrategic concerns. In order to implement the Nixon Doctrine, the U.S. privately advocated raising international oil prices in the early l970s in order to allow Iran and Saudi Arabia to purchase advanced weapons systems.

Author : Roham Alvandi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190610685

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Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah by Roham Alvandi Pdf

Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah offers a detailed account of three key historical episodes in the Nixon-Kissinger-Pahlavi partnership that shaped the global Cold War far beyond Iran's borders. It examines the emergence of Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf as the Nixon administration looked to the shah to fill the vacuum created by the British withdrawal from the region in 1971. It then turns to the peak of the partnership after Nixon and Kissinger's historic 1972 visit to Iran, when the shah succeeded in drawing the United States into his covert war against Iraq in Kurdistan. Finally, it focuses on the decline of the partnership under Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, through a history of the failed negotiations from 1974 to 1976 for an agreement on U.S. nuclear exports to Iran. Taken together, these episodes map the rise of the fall of Iran's Cold War partnership with the United States during the decade of superpower détente, Vietnam, and Watergate.

Author : Paul S. Boyer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 984 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001-07-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199771103

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The Oxford Companion to United States History by Paul S. Boyer Pdf

Here is a volume that is as big and as varied as the nation it portrays. With over 1,400 entries written by some 900 historians and other scholars, it illuminates not only America's political, diplomatic, and military history, but also social, cultural, and intellectual trends; science, technology, and medicine; the arts; and religion. Here are the familiar political heroes, from George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, to Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. But here, too, are scientists, writers, radicals, sports figures, and religious leaders, with incisive portraits of such varied individuals as Thomas Edison and Eli Whitney, Babe Ruth and Muhammed Ali, Black Elk and Crazy Horse, Margaret Fuller, Emma Goldman, and Marian Anderson, even Al Capone and Jesse James. The Companion illuminates events that have shaped the nation (the Great Awakening, Bunker Hill, Wounded Knee, the Vietnam War); major Supreme Court decisions (Marbury v. Madison, Roe v. Wade); landmark legislation (the Fugitive Slave Law, the Pure Food and Drug Act); social movements (Suffrage, Civil Rights); influential books (The Jungle, Uncle Tom's Cabin); ideologies (conservatism, liberalism, Social Darwinism); even natural disasters and iconic sites (the Chicago Fire, the Johnstown Flood, Niagara Falls, the Lincoln Memorial). Here too is the nation's social and cultural history, from Films, Football, and the 4-H Club, to Immigration, Courtship and Dating, Marriage and Divorce, and Death and Dying. Extensive multi-part entries cover such key topics as the Civil War, Indian History and Culture, Slavery, and the Federal Government. A new volume for a new century, The Oxford Companion to United States History covers everything from Jamestown and the Puritans to the Human Genome Project and the Internet--from Columbus to Clinton. Written in clear, graceful prose for researchers, browsers, and general readers alike, this is the volume that addresses the totality of the American experience, its triumphs and heroes as well as its tragedies and darker moments.

Author : James Brian McNabb
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 631 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9798216117735

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A Military History of the Modern Middle East by James Brian McNabb Pdf

This timely study synthesizes past history with the major military events and dynamics of the 20th- and 21st-century Middle East, helping readers understand the region's present-and look into its future. The Middle East has been-and will continue to be-a major influence on policy around the globe. This work reviews the impact of past epochs on the modern Middle East and analyzes key military events that contributed to forming the region and its people. By helping readers recognize historical patterns of conflict, the book will stimulate a greater understanding of the Middle East as it exists today. The work probes cause and effect in major conflicts that include the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the World Wars, the Arab-Israeli wars, and the U.S. wars with Iraq, examining the manner in which military operations have been conducted by both internal and external actors. New regional groups-for example, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-are addressed, and pertinent events in Afghanistan and Pakistan are scrutinized. Since military affairs are traditionally an extension of politics and economics, the three are considered together in historical context as they relate to war and peace. The book closes with a chapter on the Arab Awakening and its impact on the future balance of power.

Author : Bruno Pierri
Publisher : Edizioni Studium S.r.l.
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-01-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9788838248894

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American interests in the Persian Gulf and the implementation of the Nixon doctrine by Bruno Pierri Pdf

After the British withdrawal from the Persian Gulf, Iraq had acquired relevance for the U.S. and the USSR. Moscow was Baghdad’s main arms supplier, but the Baathist regime was also interested in reducing dependence from a single foreign country. Finally, the conflict against the Kurds was a danger of destabilisation in the area. The treaty of friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union and the nationalisation of the Iraq Petroleum Company, both in 1972, led Nixon to finance Kurdish resistance and endorse the sale of heavy weapons to Iran, which was becoming the hegemonic power. Therefore, an agreement was necessary and the 1975 Iran-Iraq treaty settled the border dispute between the two countries, while the Shah terminated support to the Kurds. The accords had been inspired by Kissinger in order to prevent the Soviets from exploiting Arab-Persian tensions with the aim of expanding their influence.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : United States
ISBN : STANFORD:36105112080721

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Contributions to Naval History by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 690 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07
Category : International cooperation
ISBN : PURD:32754082679220

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The Management of Security Cooperation by Anonim Pdf

Author : Brian K. Chappell
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783030598013

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State Responses to Nuclear Proliferation by Brian K. Chappell Pdf

Contemporary fears of rogue state nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism pose unique challenges for the global community. This book offers a unique approach by examining why states that have the military capability to severely damage a proliferating state’s nuclear program instead choose to pursue coercive diplomacy. The author argues cognitive psychological influences, including the trauma derived from national tragedies like the September 11th attacks and the Holocaust, and a history of armed conflict increase the threat perceptions of foreign policy decision-makers when confronting a state perceived to be challenging the existing power structure by pursuing a nuclear weapon. The powerful state’s degree of perceived threat, combined with its national security policies, military power projection capabilities, and public support then influence whether it will take no action, use coercive diplomacy/sanctions, or employ military force to address the weaker state’s nuclear ambitions.

Author : L. Potter
Publisher : Springer
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-01-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230618459

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The Persian Gulf in History by L. Potter Pdf

Exploring the history of the Persian Gulf from ancient times until the present day, leading authorities treat the internal history of the region and describe the role outsiders have played there. The book focuses on the unity and identity of Gulf society and how the Gulf historically has been part of a cosmopolitan Indian Ocean world.

Author : Charles Kupchan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011-02-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780415610544

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The Persian Gulf and the West by Charles Kupchan Pdf

This volume provides a broadly comparative and historical re-examination of the fundamental strategic dilemmas that confront the Western world in the Persian Gulf region. This systematic study of how the West has defined and dealt with its security interests in this region reveals three central strategic dilemmas: strategy versus capability, globalism versus regionalism, and unilateralism versus collectivism. The first part of the book focuses on US policy with particular emphasis on the Iranian Revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The author explains why there has been a persistent gap between American perceptions of the Middle East and the political and strategic realities of the region. The second part of the book examines the frustrated efforts of NATO members to form a cooperative response to their collective interests in the region.

Author : Charles Kupchan
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136834127

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The Persian Gulf and the West (RLE Iran D) by Charles Kupchan Pdf

This volume provides a broadly comparative and historical re-examination of the fundamental strategic dilemmas that confront the Western world in the Persian Gulf region. This systematic study of how the West has defined and dealt with its security interests in this region reveals three central strategic dilemmas: strategy versus capability, globalism versus regionalism, and unilateralism versus collectivism. The first part of the book focuses on US policy with particular emphasis on the Iranian Revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The author explains why there has been a persistent gap between American perceptions of the Middle East and the political and strategic realities of the region. The second part of the book examines the frustrated efforts of NATO members to form a cooperative response to their collective interests in the region.

Author : Hossein Amirsadeghi
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136834547

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The Security of the Persian Gulf (RLE Iran D) by Hossein Amirsadeghi Pdf

The Persian Gulf, important because of its vast energy resources, emerged into the limelight of geopolitics at the time of the British Labour government’s policy of withdrawal from East of Suez in 1968. Before 1968 it had been recognised that the Gulf lay in the legitimate sphere of influence of Britain, while the United States exerted its influence in the two pivotal littoral states of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The Soviets had been gaining influence in Iraq ever since the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958 and the Chinese were also fishing for influence by their support of the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Arabian Gulf. This book examines the political axes of the various super-powers with Iran and the Persian Gulf and discusses the implications of these problems for the issue of security in the region.

Author : Brandon Friedman
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9783030561826

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The End of Pax Britannica in the Persian Gulf, 1968-1971 by Brandon Friedman Pdf

This book examines how the rulers in the Persian Gulf responded to the British announcement of military withdrawal from the Gulf in 1968, ending 150 years of military supremacy in the region. The British system in the Gulf was accepted for more than a century not merely because the British were the dominant military power in the region. The balance of power mattered, but so did the framework within which the British exercised their power. The search for a new political framework, which began when the British announced withdrawal, was not simply a matter of which ruler would amass enough military power to fill the void left by the British: it was also a matter of the Gulf rulers – chiefly Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the ruling shaykhs of the lower Gulf – coming to a shared understanding of when and how the exercise of power would be viewed as legitimate. This book explores what shaped the rulers’ ideas and actions in the region as the British system came to an end, providing a much-needed political history of the region in the lead-up to the independence of the UAE, Bahrain, and Qatar in 1971.

Author : Joanne Jay Meyerowitz
Publisher : Temple University Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : History
ISBN : 1592132030

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History and September 11th by Joanne Jay Meyerowitz Pdf

This collection of essays sets the attacks on the United States in historical perspective. It rejects the notion of an age-old 'clash of civilizations' and instead examines the histories of American nationalism, anti-Americanism, US foreign policy and Islamic fundamentalism amongst other topics.

Author : Marc J. O'Reilly
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780739132036

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Unexceptional by Marc J. O'Reilly Pdf

Unexceptional: America's Empire in the Persian Gulf, 1941-2007 examines U.S. policy vis-^-vis the Persian Gulf since the Second World War. It asserts that the American experience in this strategic yet volatile region known for its plentiful oil and gas can be best understood as an unexceptional imperial endeavor similar in kind to that of the British, Ottoman, and other empires in previous centuries. Since 1941, the U.S. empire in the Gulf has achieved successes such as Operation Desert Storm and the invasion of Iraq. Setbacks have included the Iranian Revolution and the ongoing occupation of Iraq. Given these and many other events, which this book spotlights, America's Gulf empire has undergone repeated expansion and contraction_a typical imperial pattern. The result has been a cycle of waxing and waning U.S. influence in a critical region of the world. Until its occupation of Iraq, the United States practiced informal empire in the Gulf rather than colonialism. Currently, however, the formal empire established by the United States in Iraq jeopardizes the overall American position in the Gulf, which seemed unassailable in early 2003.