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Security of Gas Supply in Open Markets by International Energy Agency Pdf
Over the last decade, many IEA member countries have opened their energy markets to competition, with governments progressively withdrawing from direct management of the gas sector and focusing on establishing objectives and competition frameworks. With the continued growth of gas demand and the decline of domestic reserves, most IEA countries will need to import more gas, mainly for power generation, which will require access to gas reserves at competitive conditions, as well as timely investment in new infrastructure to ensure a reliable gas supply. This publication, part of a series on energy market reforms, examines recent developments in security of gas supply and reliability in all IEA regions, in the light of these new demand and supply trends. It includes a CD-ROM containing the views of the main stakeholders (governments, regulators, industry, customers and other organisations) involved.
Building Competitive Gas Markets in the EU by Jean-Michel Glachant,Michelle Hallac,Miguel Vazquez Pdf
This highly unique book focuses on market design issues common to most EU gas markets, particularly in the context of closer integration. It explores in detail the characteristics and requirements of national gas markets in Europe, which are constructed as virtual hubs based on entry/exit schemes as a requirement of European law. The expert contributors analyse gas supply and demand patterns in the EU, showing that both have changed following the introduction of liquefied natural gas on the supply side and the growth of gas-fired power plants on the demand side. The repeated interactions between the transmission operators activity and the gas commodity markets are addressed, as is the design of commercial networks in EU markets. The contributors also question whether the relationship between commercial and physical networks, in terms of the new flexibility requirements of users, actually works. By way of conclusion, two proposals for the EU gas target model are presented, both of which tackle the fundamental issues raised in this book, as well as the organization of short-term transactions and the mechanisms for investment in vital new long-life infrastructure needed to integrate EU markets. This volume will be of great interest to practitioners, as well as academics, researchers and students in the fields of energy economics and industrial economics. Both European and non-European energy companies and regulatory authorities looking for an independent and analytical overview of European gas markets will also find this book to be a highly valuable resource.
Measuring Energy Security by Mr.Prakash Loungani,Mr.Frederick L. Joutz,Gail Cohen Pdf
We present evidence on one facet of energy security in OECD economies - the extent of diversification in sources of oil and natural gas supplies. Viewed from the perspective of the energy-importing countries as a whole, there has not been much change in diversification in oil supplies over the last decade, but diversification in sources of natural gas supplies has increased steadily. We document the cross-country heterogeneity in the extent of diversification. We also show how the extent of diversification changes if account is taken of the political risk attached to suppliers; the size of the importing country; and transportation risk.
China’s Gas Development Strategies by Shell International B.V.,Development Research Center DRC Pdf
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China’s energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country’s transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government’s strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government’s 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making. Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.
This edited collection highlights the different meanings that have been attached to the notion of energy security and how it is taken to refer to different objects. Official policy definitions of energy security are broadly similar across countries and emphasize the reliability and affordability of access to sufficient energy resources for a community to uphold its normal economic and social functions. However, perceptions of energy security vary between states causing different actions to be taken, both in international relations and in domestic politics. Energy Security in Europe moves the policy debates on energy security beyond a consideration of its seemingly objective nature. It also provides a series of contributions that shed light on the conditions under which similar material factors are met with very different energy security policies and divergent discourses across Europe. Furthermore, it problematizes established notions prevalent in energy security studies, such as whether energy security is ‘geopolitical’, and an element of high politics, or purely ‘economic’, and should be left for the markets to regulate. This book will be of particular relevance to students and academics in the fields of energy studies and political science seeking to understand the divergence in perspectives and understandings of energy security challenges between EU member states and in multilateral relationships between the EU as a whole.
Nataliya Esakova performs an analysis of the interdependencies and the nature of cooperation between energy producing, consuming and transit countries focusing on the gas sector. For the analysis the theoretical framework of the interdependence theory by Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye and the international regime theory are applied to the recent developments within the gas relationship between the European Union and Russia in the last decade. The objective of the analysis is to determine, whether a fundamental regime change in terms of international regime theory is taking place, and, if so, which regime change explanation model in terms of interdependence theory is likely to apply.
Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee
Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Trade and Industry Committee Publisher : The Stationery Office Page : 100 pages File Size : 53,5 Mb Release : 2006-03-29 Category : Political Science ISBN : 0215028155
Politics, Markets and EU Gas Supply Security by Sandu-Daniel Kopp Pdf
Sandu-Daniel Kopp investigates whether carbon reduction targets are compatible with market-driven competition in gas (and power) industries, and whether security of supply is compatible with competitive markets. He examines the policy trade-offs which need to be made between the three different elements, and whether these policy judgements should be economically or politically based. The analysis shows the need for a complex set of politically determined options to protect (competitive) markets from price risks and emergency events and demonstrates that this has thus far failed the policy test. Overall, the author argues that the three major elements of EU energy policy are incompatible in important respects and thereby challenges much of the conventional wisdom of EU and Member State policies of the past decade.
Facing Global Environmental Change by Hans Günter Brauch,Navnita Chadha Behera,Patricia Kameri-Mbote,John Grin,Úrsula Oswald Spring,Béchir Chourou,Czeslaw Mesjasz,Heinz Krummenacher Pdf
The year 2007 could perhaps accurately be described as the year when climate change finally received the attention that this challenge deserves globally. Much of the information and knowledge that was created in this field during the year was the result of the findings of the Fourth - sessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which were disseminated on a large scale and reported extensively by the media. This was the result not only of a heightened interest on the part of the public on various aspects of climate change, but also because the IPCC itself proactively attempted to spread the findings of its AR4 to the public at large. The interest generated on the scientific realities of climate change was further enhanced by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to the IPCC and former Vice President of the US, Al Gore. By taking this decision in favour of a leader who has done a great deal to create awareness on c- mate change, and a body that assesses all scientific aspects of climate change and disseminates the result of its findings, the Norwegian Nobel Committee has clearly drawn the link between climate change and peace in the world.
Energy Security and Climate Policy by International Energy Agency Pdf
World energy demand is surging. Oil, coal and natural gas still meet most global energy needs, creating serious implications for the environment. One result is that CO 2 emissions, the principal cause of global warming, are rising. This study underlines the close link between efforts to ensure energy security and those to mitigate climate change. Decisions on one side affect the other. The book presents a framework to assess interactions between energy security and climate change policies, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. The quantitative analysis is based on the development of energy security indicators, tracking the evolution of policy concerns linked to energy resource concentration. The indicators are applied to a reference scenario and CO 2 policy cases for five case-study countries: The Czech Republic, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.. -->
A new look at the different perspectives on energy security policies of European and Asian countries. The book explains the reasons for the failure of EU common energy policies and the deficiencies in the policies towards Central Asia. It examines Chinese energy diplomacy, and the possibility of energy competition and cooperation in Northeast Asia.
At a time when the topic of energy is front and centre, this book examines the basic concepts that are essential to grasping the energy issues of the 21st century. All the main questions that people have about energy, especially oil and gas, are addressed, providing students, academics, journalists, representatives of government and other institutions and interested readers in general with the information they need to understand the complex, multifaceted energy sector. Abundantly illustrated, this book represents five years of exhaustive research on a fascinating and highly controversial topic. It discusses all the processes related to fossil forms of energy, from the formation of hydrocarbons (crude oil and natural gas) to the delivery of oil and gas to consumers. Il also examines renewable energy options and climate change issues in addressing the major geopolitical challenges facing the energy sector.
Security of Energy Supply in Europe by Julian Barquin,Jean-Michel Glachant,Francois Leveque,Franziska H”lzl,William J. Nuttall,Christian von Hirschhausen Pdf
In economic, technical and political terms, the security of energy supply is of the utmost importance for Europe. Alongside competition and sustainability, supply security represents a cornerstone of the EU s energy policy, and in times of rising geopolitical conflict plays an increasingly important role in its external relations. Within this context, the contributors analyse and explore the natural gas, nuclear, and hydrogen energy sectors, which will be of critical significance for the future of energy supplies in Europe. The book opens with an extensive exploration of the very definition of supply security and moves beyond sector-specific debates to highlight the political sensitivity surrounding energy security. The expert contributors apply a policy perspective, underpinned by theoretical discussion, to economic analysis in order to yield policy-relevant conclusions. They illustrate that the EU lacks a coherent transnational energy policy, that national energy policies fail to match EU goals and that, ultimately, sustainable energy policies, more competition, and better regulation will improve global welfare. Academics and EU policymakers both at national and international levels will find that the topical policy recommendations, extensive overview of supply security, and detailed perspectives on the natural gas, nuclear and hydrogen sectors presented herewith constitute an invaluable reference and research tool.
Asia's Energy Trends and Developments by Mark Hong,Amy Lugg Pdf
With Asia, — especially China and India, — leading world energy consumption, Asian energy trends are now of global interest, with deep implications for the world economy and geopolitics. Understanding the issues often require real-life case scenarios. This two-volume compilation presents the key topics on Asia's energy trends and developments that were presented at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore as part of its Energy Series Programme. A wide range of topics is covered, from nanotechnology, clean energy, hydropower, renewable energy and nuclear power to bilateral relations, energy security and energy efficiency — all with the unifying energy theme in the context of Asia. The nature of the issues is clearly illustrated in the case studies. The chapters are authored by international experts and innovators in their respective fields, from academia, government and private sectors, providing their perspectives on the energy debate in Asia. This compilation will provide the reader with insights into the overall trends and developments that have shaped and continue to influence energy policy, economic strategy and geopolitics in Asia. The case studies offer an especially useful reference point for experts and an understanding of the complex issues for laypersons. Contents:Volume 1:Climate Change: A Global Issue (Tan Yong Soon)Grooming Clean Energy as a Key Growth Area for Singapore (Goh Chee Kiong)Nanoenergy in Singapore (Hiranmayee Vedam)Innovation with Energy and Energy with Innovation (Geoffrey C Nicholson)Hydropower in Southeast Asia (Erik Knive)Philippine Experiences with Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Power Systems (N A Orcullo, Jr)The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Business: From Evolution to Revolution (Steve Puckett and Tony Regan)Developing Renewable Energy and Carbon Abatement Projects in Asia (William I Y Byun)Power Development Plan and Status of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Development in Indonesia (Djoko Prasetijo)Korean Nuclear Power Technology (Hae Ryong Hwang and Shin Whan Kim)Malaysian Perspectives Planning and Problems with Regard to Nuclear Energy (Shahidan Radiman)The Asian Development Bank's Regional Perspectives, Policies and Issues Regarding Nuclear Energy and Sustainable Development in Southeast Asia (Anthony J Jude)Birthing an ASEAN Nuclear Energy Cooperation Regime: Drivers, Status and Way Forward (Francisco G Delfin Jr)Should ASEAN Go Nuclear? (Lee Yoong Yoong)Myanmar and the Nuclear Option (Thaung Tun)Volume 2:The Logic of Energy Policy: The Case of Upstream Oil, Gas, Coal and Downstream Oil Sectors in Southeast Asia (Ridwan D Rusli)East Asia's Energy Challenges: General Energy Cooperation and the Question of Competition (Christopher Len)Contemporary Japanese–Russian Energy Cooperation: Problems, Current Developments and Perspectives (Svetlana Vassiliouk)Energy-Related Policy Issues in Terms of Japan–China Relations (Yuji Morita)India's Pipelines: Paradox, Problems and Possibilities (Marie Lall)The Caucasus: Conflict, Instability and Fossil Energy Export Route (Hooman Piemani)Kazakh Gas Policy in the Central Asian Region: Problems and Prospects (Zhanibek Saurbek)The Theory of Stable Arab Gas Diplomacy: Regional Energy Security Through the Arab Gas Pipeline (Mary E Stonaker) Readership: Students, researchers and the general public who are interested to understand a wide range of energy issues and various aspects of sustainable energy. Keywords:Asian Energy;Nuclear Energy in Asia;Country Case StudiesKey Features:It provides different perspectives from government, private and academic sectorsIt gives country-specific case studies that could be adapted and applied elsewhereIt considers the prospects for renewable energy sources with practical examples as well as the potential for creativity and innovation as a means to develop energy supply alternativesIt is written by energy experts focused on the Asia regionIt considers nuclear power as an option for Asian nationsIt has interesting information conveniently packaged in one easy to read volume
Long-term Energy Security Risks for Europe by Arianna Checchi,Arno Behrens,Christian Egenhofer Pdf
The aim of the paper is to identify and evaluate existing and potential EU energy supply risks on the basis of a sector-specific approach. Moving away from common generalisations on security of energy supply as well as from those studies that focus only on one sector, it brings together all types of fuel and analyses the risks related to each of them. The result is a comprehensive picture of the energy security challenges faced by the EU in the long-term. The paper can be seen as a tool to avoid overlapping, incoherence and contradictions in the process of assessing security of supply and aims to formulate a consistent and more unified European energy policy.