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Claims that science may becoming 'self-fulfilling' through its impact on objects of study have recently risen to prominence. Despite radical statements about the supposed consequences of such accounts, however, the central notion of scientific self-fulfillment has remained obscure, leading to skewed views of its actual prevalence and significance. Self-Fulfilling Science illuminates this underexplored phenomenon, drawing on insights from philosophy of science to address questions of its conceptualization, prevalence, and significance. The book critically engages with the popular notion that economic theories of homo economicus exhibit self-fulfillment, and explores its relevance to various metaphysical, ethical, and epistemic issues. Extreme claims of fundamental incompatibility with our usual notions of scientific success are ill-founded. Instead, self-fulfillment’s true epistemic significance lies in more local, nuanced philosophical issues such as theory evaluation and the thesis of underdetermination. In presenting a novel framework, this book facilitates deeper engagement with the developing field of self-fulfilling science, and is of interest to philosophers of science, social scientists, and social constructionists.
Science is often said to be self-correcting. However, through their impact on our beliefs and actions, scientific representations can also become self-fulfilling by causing objects of study to become more like science's view of them. Self-Fulfilling
Author : Roger E. A. Farmer Publisher : MIT Press Page : 330 pages File Size : 55,5 Mb Release : 1999 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 0262062038
The Macroeconomics of Self-fulfilling Prophecies by Roger E. A. Farmer Pdf
Farmer argues for the future of macroeconomics as a branch ofapplied general equilibrium theory. His main theme is thatmacroeconomics is best viewed as the study of equilibrium environmentsin which the welfare theorems break down.
Developments in the Methodology of Social Science by W. Leinfellner,Eckehart Köhler Pdf
Philosophy of Science deals with the problem, 'What is science?' It seems that the answer to this question can only be found if we have an answer to the question, 'How does science function?' Thus, the study of the methodology of social sciences is a prominent factor in any analysis of these sciences. The history of philosophy shows clearly that the answer to the question, 'How does science function?' was the conditio sine qua non of any kind of philosophy of science, epistemology and even of logic. Aristotle, Hume, Kant, Mill, Russell, to mention a few classical authors, clearly emphasized the primacy of methodology of science for any kind of philosophy of science. One may even state that analyses of the presup positions, the foundations, the aims, goals and purposes of science are nothing else than analyses of their general and specific formal, as well as practical and empirical methods. Thus, the whole program of any phi losophy of science is dependent on the analysis of the methods of sciences and the establishment of their criteria. If the study of scientific method is the predominant factor in the philosophy of science, then all the other problems will depend on the outcome of such a study. For example, the old question of a possible unity of all social sciences will be brought to a solution by the study of the presuppositions, the methods, as well as of the criteria germane to all social sciences.
A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy by Katherine Harvey Pdf
In recent years, the geopolitical rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran has dominated the headlines. Many have charted the polarization between a Saudi-led Sunni camp and an Iranian-led Shia one, assuming that a predominantly Shia state like Iraq would automatically ally with Iran. In this compelling account, Katherine Harvey tells a different story: Iraq's alignment with Iran was not a foregone conclusion. Rather, Saudi efforts to undermine Iran have paradoxically empowered it. Harvey investigates why the Saudis refused to engage with Iraq's post-2003 Shia-led government, despite continual outreach by Iraq's new leaders and considerable pressure from the United States. She finds that certain deeply ingrained assumptions predisposed Saudi leaders to see a Shia-led Iraq as naturally beholden to Iran: the view that Iran is inherently expansionist, and the belief that Arab Shia tend to be loyal to it. This outlook was simplistic, even downright inaccurate; and, in refusing to engage, the Saudis created a self-fulfilling prophecy. As Harvey demonstrates, members of Iraq's new government initially sought to establish a positive relationship with Saudi Arabia, and to pursue a course independent from Iran. But, isolated and rejected by Saudi King Abdullah, Iraq ultimately had nowhere else to turn.
Higher Education Transitions by Eva Kyndt,Vincent Donche,Keith Trigwell,Sari Lindblom-Ylänne Pdf
In the current era where lifelong learning is brought to the fore, higher education can no longer be regarded as an isolated trajectory within one’s educational career as many students face substantial challenges in crafting their professional future. More specifically, the transition from school to higher education and continuing to the labour market are often a difficult hurdles for many students. Almost half of students do not succeed in the first year and often withdraw from education, students are faced with a variety of contexts and may choose to study in a different (international) context, and they are then confronted with structural barriers in finding a (high-quality) job, as evidenced by increasing levels of youth unemployment and underemployment. Higher Education Transitions aims to deepen our understanding of the transitions taking place when students enter, progress and leave higher education to enter the labour market. Drawing on an international team of contributors, this guide includes three conceptual and fifteen empirical studies which include a range of quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Divided into three sections to reflect each important transition phase, topics include: transitions from secondary to higher education; transitions within higher education; transitions from higher education to the labour market. By considering transitions across different phases as a broad and interrelated process, this guide will be essential reading for higher education researchers, policy stakeholders and all those interested in the transitions into higher education and the labour market.
Social Perception and Social Reality by Lee Jussim Pdf
Social Perception and Social Reality contests the received wisdom in the field of social psychology that suggests that social perception and judgment are generally flawed, biased, and powerfully self-fulfilling. Jussim reviews a wealth of real world, survey, and experimental data collected over the last century to show that in fact, social psychological research consistently demonstrates that biases and self-fulfilling prophecies are generally weak, fragile, and fleeting. Furthermore, research in the social sciences has shown stereotypes to be accurate. Jussim overturns the received wisdom concerning social perception in several ways. He critically reviews studies that are highly cited darlings of the bias conclusion and shows how these studies demonstrate far more accuracy than bias, or are not replicable in subsequent research. Studies of equal or higher quality, which have been replicated consistently, are shown to demonstrate high accuracy, low bias, or both. The book is peppered with discussions suggesting that theoretical and political blinders have led to an odd state of affairs in which the flawed or misinterpreted bias studies receive a great deal of attention, while stronger and more replicable accuracy studies receive relatively little attention. In addition, the author presents both personal and real world examples (such as stock market prices, sporting events, and political elections) that routinely undermine heavy-handed emphases on error and bias, but are generally indicative of high levels of rationality and accuracy. He fully embraces scientific data, even when that data yields unpopular conclusions or contests prevailing conventions or the received wisdom in psychology, in other social sciences, and in broader society.
Cultures around the world have regarded self-fulfillment as the ultimate goal of human striving and as the fundamental test of the goodness of a human life. The ideal has also been criticized, however, as egotistical or as so value-neutral that it fails to distinguish between, for example, self-fulfilled sinners and self-fulfilled saints. Alan Gewirth presents here a systematic and highly original study of self-fulfillment that seeks to overcome these and other arguments and to justify the high place that the ideal has been accorded. He does so by developing an ethical theory that ultimately grounds the value of self-fulfillment in the idea of the dignity of human beings. Gewirth begins by distinguishing two models of self- fulfillment--aspiration-fulfillment and capacity-fulfillment--and shows how each of these contributes to the intrinsic value of human life. He then distinguishes between three types of morality--universalist, particularist, and personalist--and shows how each contributes to the values embodied in self-fulfillment. Building on these ideas, he develops a Odialectical' conception of reason that shows how human rights are central to self-fulfillment. Gewirth also argues that self-fulfillment has a social as well as an individual dimension: that the nature of society and the obstacles that disadvantaged groups face affect strongly the character of the self-fulfillment that persons can achieve. Bold in scope and rigorous in execution, Self-Fulfillment is a powerful new contribution to moral, social, and political philosophy.
The Science of Being Well by Wallace D Wattles Pdf
Originally published in 1910, The Science of Being Well applies the power of positive thinking to getting and maintaining good physical health. According to Wallace Wattles, thought is far more powerful than we imagine. It is the way in which humans can literally reshape reality according to their will; it is how we interact with the substance of the universe. Students of religious studies will be intrigued by this book from the New Thought tradition. And those wanting a new way to improve their health may find Wattles' approach empowering. American author WALLACE DELOIS WATTLES (1860-1911) overcame poverty and failure in his life to become a pioneer of the early self-help movement. Among his books are The Science of Being Great and How to Be a Genius.
Science of Being by Eugene Fersen is a transformative book that delves into the realms of personal development and spiritual growth. Fersen presents a comprehensive system of teachings and practices aimed at unlocking one's true potential and achieving a fulfilling life. Key Aspects of Science of Being: Universal Laws and Principles: Fersen explores the fundamental laws and principles that govern the universe, including the law of attraction, the power of thought, and the interconnectedness of all things. By understanding and aligning with these universal laws, readers can harness their inherent creative power and shape their reality. Self-Realization and Self-Mastery: The book emphasizes the importance of self-realization and self-mastery as key steps in personal development. Fersen provides practical guidance and exercises to help individuals awaken their inner potential, develop self-awareness, and overcome limitations. Through self-discipline and conscious living, readers can attain a higher level of consciousness and fulfillment. Harmonizing Body, Mind, and Spirit: Fersen emphasizes the integration of the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of our being. He offers insights on achieving balance, cultivating inner harmony, and nurturing the body, mind, and spirit connection. The book provides techniques for relaxation, visualization, meditation, and positive affirmations to support personal growth and well-being. Science of Being is a transformative guide that empowers readers to take charge of their lives, align with universal principles, and unlock their innate potential. By providing practical tools and spiritual wisdom, Fersen invites readers on a journey of self-discovery, self-realization, and personal transformation. This book serves as a valuable resource for individuals seeking personal development, spiritual enlightenment, and a deeper understanding of their place in the universe. Eugene Fersen, a Russian-born author and metaphysician, dedicated his life to exploring the realms of spirituality and self-realization. Born in 1874, Fersen developed a philosophy known as Science of Being and authored the influential book The Fundamental Principles of Science of Being. His teachings blended Eastern and Western philosophies, advocating for personal transformation through the cultivation of inner harmony, love, and consciousness. Fersen's works continue to inspire individuals seeking spiritual growth, offering practical guidance on living a fulfilling and purposeful life.
In the desert I saw a creature, naked, bestial, Who, squatting upon the ground, Held his heart in his hands. And ate of it. I said: "Is it good, friend?" "It is bitter-bitter," he answered; But I like it Because it is bitter, And because it is my heart. " Stephen Crane The Black Riders and Other Lines "It is the function of great art to purge and give meaning to human suffering," wrote Bernard Knox (1982, p. 149) in his introduction to Oedipus Rex. This is done by showing some causal connection between the hero's free will and his suffer ing, by bringing to the fore the interplay of the forces of destiny and human freedom. Knox states that Freud was wrong when he suggested that it was "the particular nature of the material" in Oedipus that makes the play so deeply moving, and not the contrast between destiny and human will. Knox believes that this play has an overpowering effect upon us, not only because we share the tendency of Oedipus to direct" our first sexual impulse towards our mother" and "our first murderous wish against our father," as Freud tells us, but also because the theological modification of the legend introduced by Sophocles calls into question the sacred beliefs of our time (Knox, 1982, pp. 133-137).
You may have read claims before that a book can change your life and the world. However in the opening pages of The Gospel of Science you will read comments from top experts in the fields of; Mind-Body and Personal Growth, Physics, Sociology, Economics, Government, and Theology, who after enjoying the hundreds of pages of exciting cutting edge research methodically and poetically cited in this unique book, came to the enthusiastic conclusion, that indeed--The Gospel of Science delivers on this promise. So if you want to change your life and world in extraordinarily exciting and healthful ways, this book is a profound place to begin. The Gospel of Science is an unprecedented book on cutting edge science revealing that each of us, and humanity as a whole, are on the cusp of profound personal and global transformation. Did you know that science has discovered a technique that can increase our IQ, our creativity, or ability to learn and adapt to new information, while healing our DNA, dramatically reducing illness, depression, and anxiety, and even reversing our aging process by years? If you find that exciting, you will find a vast resource of other thrilling new science in The Gospel of Science. What if, by enjoying all these profound benefits from this personal transformation, we were also laying the ground work for a new world? This book makes a solid data-driven case that a world of plenty, a more calm, peaceful, and exciting world is about to unfold its petals IF, and when, we are ready to allow it into being. Knowing it can happen is the first step, and letting go of our fears of the future is a crucial part of that first step, rather replacing those fears with science-based hope for our personal and collective future. The Gospel of Science will replace your fears with faith and hope--and this is an important thing to allow at this time in human history. The author of "The Gospel of Science" reveals how "self-fulfilling prophecy" is a powerful thing, so the way we see ourselves and our world now becomes vastly important to the world being created in the ether of our consciousness right now--and new science proves it. The Gospel of Science, citing voluminous emerging scientific data, leaves readers with a certainty in their answer to the most important question human beings can ask ourselves--Is the universe a friendly place? Einstein pointed out that our answer to this question is the most important answer we can give, because every action and the world we create is a result of our answer to this question. The Gospel of Science will leave you knowing that the answer to that question is an irrefutable "YES!" The Gospel of Science is not pollyannish about this answer, but methodically builds this conclusion over hundreds of pages of cited scientific articles, studies, and data.This unparalleled book shows scientific proof of a technique that makes us far more capable of "actualizing" the kind of life and world we seek. Do yourself and the world a huge favor, read The Gospel of Science, and then spread that gospel in every way you can.
Feedback Thought in Social Science and Systems Theory by George P. Richardson Pdf
This is a study of a method of thinking in the social sciences known as the loop concept. This concept underlies the notions of feedback and circular causality. After tracing its historical roots, the author argues that modern usage of feedback thinking in the social sciences divides into two main lines of development. He makes extensive use of the analysis of citations and texts from many branches of the social sciences to document this split and to trace its development and implications. The presumption underlying this work is that feedback thinking is one of the most penetrating patterns of thought in all social science. Part of the purpose of the text is to illuminate the significance of feedback thinking in social science and social policy - current as well as classical. (Quelle: amazon)
Author : Robert K. Merton Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 64 pages File Size : 48,5 Mb Release : 1996-09-15 Category : Philosophy ISBN : 0226520706
On Social Structure and Science by Robert K. Merton Pdf
Robert K. Merton is unarguably one of the most influential sociologists of his time. A figure whose wide-ranging theoretical and methodological contributions have become fundamental to the field, Merton is best known for introducing such concepts and procedures as unanticipated consequences, self-fulfilling prophecies, focused group interviews, middle-range theory, opportunity structure, and analytic paradigms. This definitive compilation encompasses the breadth and brilliance of his works, from the earliest to the most recent. Merton's foundational writings on social structure and process, on the sociology of science and knowledge, and on the discipline and trajectory of sociology itself are all powerfully represented, as are his autobiographical insights in a fascinating coda. Anchored by Piotr Sztompka's contextualizing introduction, Merton's vast oeuvre emerges as a dynamic and profoundly coherent system of thought, a constant source of vitality and renewal for present and future sociology.