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Author : Keith Devlin
Publisher : Chapman and Hall/CRC
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1992-02
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105018387188
Author : Keith J. Devlin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781489929679
The purpose of this book is to provide the student beginning undergraduate mathematics with a solid foundation in the basic logical concepts necessary for most of the subjects encountered in a university mathematics course. The main distinction between most school mathematics and university mathematics lies in the degree of rigour demanded at university level. In general, the new student has no experience of wholly rigorous definitions and proofs, with the result that, although competent to handle quite difficult problems in, say, the differential calculus, he/she is totally lost when presented with a rigorous definition oflimits and derivatives. In effect, this means that in the first few weeks at university the student needs to master what is virtually an entire new language {'the language of mathematics'} and to adopt an entirely new mode ofthinking. Needless to say, only the very ablest students come through this process without a great deal of difficulty.
Author : Michael L. O'Leary
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-08
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780470905883
A mathematical introduction to the theory and applications of logic and set theory with an emphasis on writing proofs Highlighting the applications and notations of basic mathematical concepts within the framework of logic and set theory, A First Course in Mathematical Logic and Set Theory introduces how logic is used to prepare and structure proofs and solve more complex problems. The book begins with propositional logic, including two-column proofs and truth table applications, followed by first-order logic, which provides the structure for writing mathematical proofs. Set theory is then introduced and serves as the basis for defining relations, functions, numbers, mathematical induction, ordinals, and cardinals. The book concludes with a primer on basic model theory with applications to abstract algebra. A First Course in Mathematical Logic and Set Theory also includes: Section exercises designed to show the interactions between topics and reinforce the presented ideas and concepts Numerous examples that illustrate theorems and employ basic concepts such as Euclid’s lemma, the Fibonacci sequence, and unique factorization Coverage of important theorems including the well-ordering theorem, completeness theorem, compactness theorem, as well as the theorems of Löwenheim–Skolem, Burali-Forti, Hartogs, Cantor–Schröder–Bernstein, and König An excellent textbook for students studying the foundations of mathematics and mathematical proofs, A First Course in Mathematical Logic and Set Theory is also appropriate for readers preparing for careers in mathematics education or computer science. In addition, the book is ideal for introductory courses on mathematical logic and/or set theory and appropriate for upper-undergraduate transition courses with rigorous mathematical reasoning involving algebra, number theory, or analysis.
Author : A.A. Fraenkel,Y. Bar-Hillel,A. Levy
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1973-12-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080887050
Foundations of Set Theory discusses the reconstruction undergone by set theory in the hands of Brouwer, Russell, and Zermelo. Only in the axiomatic foundations, however, have there been such extensive, almost revolutionary, developments. This book tries to avoid a detailed discussion of those topics which would have required heavy technical machinery, while describing the major results obtained in their treatment if these results could be stated in relatively non-technical terms. This book comprises five chapters and begins with a discussion of the antinomies that led to the reconstruction of set theory as it was known before. It then moves to the axiomatic foundations of set theory, including a discussion of the basic notions of equality and extensionality and axioms of comprehension and infinity. The next chapters discuss type-theoretical approaches, including the ideal calculus, the theory of types, and Quine's mathematical logic and new foundations; intuitionistic conceptions of mathematics and its constructive character; and metamathematical and semantical approaches, such as the Hilbert program. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, logicians, and statisticians.
Author : William S. Hatcher
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-05-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781483189635
The Logical Foundations of Mathematics offers a study of the foundations of mathematics, stressing comparisons between and critical analyses of the major non-constructive foundational systems. The position of constructivism within the spectrum of foundational philosophies is discussed, along with the exact relationship between topos theory and set theory. Comprised of eight chapters, this book begins with an introduction to first-order logic. In particular, two complete systems of axioms and rules for the first-order predicate calculus are given, one for efficiency in proving metatheorems, and the other, in a "natural deduction" style, for presenting detailed formal proofs. A somewhat novel feature of this framework is a full semantic and syntactic treatment of variable-binding term operators as primitive symbols of logic. Subsequent chapters focus on the origin of modern foundational studies; Gottlob Frege's formal system intended to serve as a foundation for mathematics and its paradoxes; the theory of types; and the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. David Hilbert's program and Kurt Gödel's incompleteness theorems are also examined, along with the foundational systems of W. V. Quine and the relevance of categorical algebra for foundations. This monograph will be of interest to students, teachers, practitioners, and researchers in mathematics.
Author : J.L. Bell,M. Machover
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 620 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1977-01-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780080934747
A comprehensive one-year graduate (or advanced undergraduate) course in mathematical logic and foundations of mathematics. No previous knowledge of logic is required; the book is suitable for self-study. Many exercises (with hints) are included.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1986-05-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0080874274
This book provides graduate students and professional mathematicians with a formal unified treatment of logic and set theory. The formalization can be used without change to build just about any mathematical structure on some suitable foundation of definitions and axioms. In addition to most of the topics considered standard fare for set theory several special ones are treated. This book will be found useful as a text for a substantial one-semester course in set theory and that the student will find continuing use for the formal and highly flexible language
Author : Michael C. Gemignani
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780486435060
This text emphasizes logic and the theory of sets. Students who take no further courses in the field will find it an excellent resource for developing an appreciation for the nature of mathematics. Others will discover the foundations for future studies — set theory, logic, counting, numbers, functions, and more. 1968 edition. 43 figures. 25 tables.
Author : Yu. I. Manin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2009-10-13
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781441906151
1. The ?rst edition of this book was published in 1977. The text has been well received and is still used, although it has been out of print for some time. In the intervening three decades, a lot of interesting things have happened to mathematical logic: (i) Model theory has shown that insights acquired in the study of formal languages could be used fruitfully in solving old problems of conventional mathematics. (ii) Mathematics has been and is moving with growing acceleration from the set-theoretic language of structures to the language and intuition of (higher) categories, leaving behind old concerns about in?nities: a new view of foundations is now emerging. (iii) Computer science, a no-nonsense child of the abstract computability theory, has been creatively dealing with old challenges and providing new ones, such as the P/NP problem. Planning additional chapters for this second edition, I have decided to focus onmodeltheory,the conspicuousabsenceofwhichinthe ?rsteditionwasnoted in several reviews, and the theory of computation, including its categorical and quantum aspects. The whole Part IV: Model Theory, is new. I am very grateful to Boris I. Zilber, who kindly agreed to write it. It may be read directly after Chapter II. The contents of the ?rst edition are basically reproduced here as Chapters I–VIII. Section IV.7, on the cardinality of the continuum, is completed by Section IV.7.3, discussing H. Woodin’s discovery.
Author : Kenneth Kunen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 1904987141
Mathematical logic grew out of philosophical questions regarding the foundations of mathematics, but logic has now outgrown its philosophical roots, and has become an integral part of mathematics in general. This book is designed for students who plan to specialize in logic, as well as for those who are interested in the applications of logic to other areas of mathematics. Used as a text, it could form the basis of a beginning graduate-level course. There are three main chapters: Set Theory, Model Theory, and Recursion Theory. The Set Theory chapter describes the set-theoretic foundations of all of mathematics, based on the ZFC axioms. It also covers technical results about the Axiom of Choice, well-orderings, and the theory of uncountable cardinals. The Model Theory chapter discusses predicate logic and formal proofs, and covers the Completeness, Compactness, and Lowenheim-Skolem Theorems, elementary submodels, model completeness, and applications to algebra. This chapter also continues the foundational issues begun in the set theory chapter. Mathematics can now be viewed as formal proofs from ZFC. Also, model theory leads to models of set theory. This includes a discussion of absoluteness, and an analysis of models such as H( ) and R( ). The Recursion Theory chapter develops some basic facts about computable functions, and uses them to prove a number of results of foundational importance; in particular, Church's theorem on the undecidability of logical consequence, the incompleteness theorems of Godel, and Tarski's theorem on the non-definability of truth.
Author : Richard L Epstein,Walter A Carnielli
Publisher : Advanced Reasoning Forum
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-24
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780981550732
Now in a new edition!--the classic presentation of the theory of computable functions in the context of the foundations of mathematics. Part I motivates the study of computability with discussions and readings about the crisis in the foundations of mathematics in the early 20th century while presenting the basic ideas of whole number, function, proof, and real number. Part II starts with readings from Turing and Post leading to the formal theory of recursive functions. Part III presents sufficient formal logic to give a full development of Gödel's incompleteness theorems. Part IV considers the significance of the technical work with a discussion of Church's Thesis and readings on the foundations of mathematics. This new edition contains the timeline "Computability and Undecidability" as well as the essay "On mathematics".
Author : Shashi Mohan Srivastava
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-16
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781461457466
This is a short, modern, and motivated introduction to mathematical logic for upper undergraduate and beginning graduate students in mathematics and computer science. Any mathematician who is interested in getting acquainted with logic and would like to learn Gödel’s incompleteness theorems should find this book particularly useful. The treatment is thoroughly mathematical and prepares students to branch out in several areas of mathematics related to foundations and computability, such as logic, axiomatic set theory, model theory, recursion theory, and computability. In this new edition, many small and large changes have been made throughout the text. The main purpose of this new edition is to provide a healthy first introduction to model theory, which is a very important branch of logic. Topics in the new chapter include ultraproduct of models, elimination of quantifiers, types, applications of types to model theory, and applications to algebra, number theory and geometry. Some proofs, such as the proof of the very important completeness theorem, have been completely rewritten in a more clear and concise manner. The new edition also introduces new topics, such as the notion of elementary class of structures, elementary diagrams, partial elementary maps, homogeneous structures, definability, and many more.
Author : K. Kunen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780080570587
Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, Volume 102: Set Theory: An Introduction to Independence Proofs offers an introduction to relative consistency proofs in axiomatic set theory, including combinatorics, sets, trees, and forcing. The book first tackles the foundations of set theory and infinitary combinatorics. Discussions focus on the Suslin problem, Martin's axiom, almost disjoint and quasi-disjoint sets, trees, extensionality and comprehension, relations, functions, and well-ordering, ordinals, cardinals, and real numbers. The manuscript then ponders on well-founded sets and easy consistency proofs, including relativization, absoluteness, reflection theorems, properties of well-founded sets, and induction and recursion on well-founded relations. The publication examines constructible sets, forcing, and iterated forcing. Topics include Easton forcing, general iterated forcing, Cohen model, forcing with partial functions of larger cardinality, forcing with finite partial functions, and general extensions. The manuscript is a dependable source of information for mathematicians and researchers interested in set theory.
Author : Christian Posthoff,Bernd Steinbach
Publisher : Springer
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030024208
The expanded and updated 2nd edition of this classic text offers the reader a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of logic functions and equations and their applications across computer science. The approach emphasizes a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles as well as numerical and computer-based solution methods. Updated throughout, some major additions for the 2nd edition include: - an expanded introductory section on logic equations; - a new chapter on sets, lattices, and classes of logic functions; - a new chapter about SAT-problems; - a new chapter about methods to solve extremely complex problems; and - an expanded section with new decomposition methods utilizing the Boolean Differential Calculus extended to lattices of logic functions. The book provides insight into applications across binary arithmetic, coding, complexity, logic design, programming, computer architecture, and artificial intelligence. Based on the extensive teaching experience of the authors, Logic Functions and Equations is highly recommended for a one- or two-semester course in computer science and related programs. It provides straightforward high-level access to these methods and enables sophisticated applications, elegantly bridging the gap between mathematics and the theoretical foundations of computer science.
Author : Michael L. O'Leary
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : UOM:39015053530641
For a one-semester freshman or sophomore level course on the fundamentals of proof writing or transition to advanced mathematics course. Rather than teach mathematics and the structure of proofs simultaneously, this text first introduces logic as the foundation of proofs and then demonstrates how logic applies to mathematical topics. This method ensures that the students gain a firm understanding of how logic interacts with mathematics and empowers them to solve more complex problems in future math courses.