Sex Differences In The Central Nervous System

Author : Rebecca M. Shansky
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128021989

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Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System by Rebecca M. Shansky Pdf

Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System offers a comprehensive examination of the current state of sex differences research, from both the basic science and clinical research perspectives. Given the current NIH directive that funded preclinical research must consider both females and males, this topic is of interest to an increasing percentage of the neuroscience research population. The volume serves as an invaluable resource, offering coverage of a wide range of topics: sex differences in cognition, learning, and memory, sex hormone signaling mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions, epigenetics, social behavior, neurologic disease, psychological disorders, and stress. Discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations are included. Details how sex hormones have widespread effects on the nervous system and influence the way males and females function Assists readers in determining how sex impacts their research and practice, and assists in determining how to adjust research programs to incorporate sex influences Includes discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations, and at various developmental stages Features revised and updated chapters by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available

Author : Rebecca M. Shansky
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0128021144

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Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System by Rebecca M. Shansky Pdf

Sex Differences in the Central Nervous System offers a comprehensive examination of the current state of sex differences research, from both the basic science and clinical research perspectives. Given the current NIH directive that funded preclinical research must consider both females and males, this topic is of interest to an increasing percentage of the neuroscience research population. The volume serves as an invaluable resource, offering coverage of a wide range of topics: sex differences in cognition, learning, and memory, sex hormone signaling mechanisms, neuroimmune interactions, epigenetics, social behavior, neurologic disease, psychological disorders, and stress. Discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations are included. Details how sex hormones have widespread effects on the nervous system and influence the way males and females function Assists readers in determining how sex impacts their research and practice, and assists in determining how to adjust research programs to incorporate sex influences Includes discussions of research in both animal models and human patient populations, and at various developmental stages Features revised and updated chapters by leaders in the field around the globe-the broadest, most expert coverage available

Author : Jill B. Becker,Karen J. Berkley,Nori Geary,Elizabeth Hampson,James P. Herman,Elizabeth Young
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2007-12-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198042556

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Sex Differences in the Brain by Jill B. Becker,Karen J. Berkley,Nori Geary,Elizabeth Hampson,James P. Herman,Elizabeth Young Pdf

Within the basic and clinical biomedical research community, there is increasing recognition that differences between males and females across the lifespan affect an individual's health, his/her development of disease, signs and symptoms of pathophysiology, and response to therapy. This book is intended as a resource for scientists, clinicians, and students of the nervous system and behavior- a trove of practical information about how to study sex differences in the brain as well as a discussion of what is already known on the topic.

Author : Margaret M. McCarthy
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615040605

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Sex and the Developing Brain by Margaret M. McCarthy Pdf

The brains of males and females, men and women, are different-that is a fact. What is debated is how different and how important those differences are. Sex differences in the brain are determined by genetics, hormones, and experience, which in humans includes culture, society, and parental and peer expectations. The importance of nonbiological variables to sex differences in humans is paramount, making it difficult if not impossible to parse out those contributions that are truly biological. The study of animals provides us the opportunity to understand the magnitude and scope of biologically based sex differences in the brain and understanding the cellular mechanisms provides us insight into novel sources of brain plasticity. Many sex differences are established during a developmental sensitive window by differences in the hormonal milieu of males versus females. The neonatal testis produces large amounts of testosterone, which gains access to the brain and is further metabolized into active androgens and estrogens, which modify brain development. Major parameters that are influenced by hormones include neurogenesis, cell death, neurochemical phenotype, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis. Variance in these parameters results in sex differences in the size of particular brain regions, the projections between brain regions, and the number and type of synapses within particular brain regions. The cellular mechanisms are both region and endpoint specific and invoke many surprising systems such as prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, and cell death proteins. By understanding when, why, and how sex differences in the brain are established, we may also learn the source of strong gender biases in the relative risk and severity of numerous neurological diseases and disorders of mental health, including but not limited to autism, dyslexia, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and maj

Author : Cynthia L. Jordan,S. Marc Breedlove
Publisher : Perspectives Cshl
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-31
Category : Brain
ISBN : 1621823970

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Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior by Cynthia L. Jordan,S. Marc Breedlove Pdf

"The extent to which there are differences between the sexes is an area of interest to physiologists, neuroscientists, and clinicians, as well as social scientists and the general public. This book examines recent research on the biological basis of sex differences, including differences in the brain, behavior, the immune system, and disease states"--

Author : Margaret M. McCarthy
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781615047291

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Sex and the Developing Brain by Margaret M. McCarthy Pdf

The brains of males and females, men and women, are different, that is a fact. What is debated is how different and how important are those differences. Sex differences in the brain are determined by genetics, hormones, and experience, which in humans includes culture, society, and parental and peer expectations. The importance of nonbiological variables to sex differences in humans is paramount, making it difficult if not impossible to parse out those contributions that are truly biological. The study of animals provides us the opportunity to understand the magnitude and scope of biologically based sex differences in the brain, and understanding the cellular mechanisms provides us insight into novel sources of brain plasticity. Many sex differences are established during a developmental sensitive window by differences in the hormonal milieu of males versus females. The neonatal testis produces large amounts of testosterone which gains access to the brain and is further metabolized into active androgens and estrogens which modify brain development. Major parameters that are influenced by hormones include neurogenesis, cell death, neurochemical phenotype, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis. Variance in these parameters results in sex differences in the size of particular brain regions, the projections between brain regions, and the number and type of synapses within particular brain regions. The cellular mechanisms are both region and endpoint specific and invoke many surprising systems such as prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, and cell death proteins. Epigenetic modifications to the genome both establish and maintain sex differences in the brain and behavior. By understanding when, why, and how sex differences in the brain are established, we may also learn the source of strong gender biases in the relative risk and severity of numerous neurological diseases and disorders of mental health. Boys are much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum or attention and hyperactivity disorders, as well as speech and language deficits, compared to girls. By contrast, women are more likely to suffer from affective disorders, such as depression, anxiety, compulsion, and eating disorders and more likely to experience autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Schizophrenia with an early onset is more common in males but a late-onset version is markedly more frequent in females. Male biased disorders have origins in development while female biased disorders are almost exclusively post-puberty. This remarkable shift in disease risk demands our attention. Novel insights into the biological origins of disease are also gained by comparing and contrasting the same processes in different sexes.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2001-07-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309132975

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Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences Pdf

It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309187664

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Sex Differences and Implications for Translational Neuroscience Research by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders Pdf

Biological differences between the sexes influence not only individual health but also public health, biomedical research, and health care. The Institute of Medicine held a workshop March 8-9, 2010, to discuss sex differences and their implications for translational neuroscience research, which bridges the gap between scientific discovery and application.

Author : Arnold A. Gerall,Howard Moltz,Ingeborg L. Ward
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781489924537

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Sexual Differentiation by Arnold A. Gerall,Howard Moltz,Ingeborg L. Ward Pdf

Based on a large variety of experiments on both humans and animals, this volume presents novel conceptualizations of the organizing consequences of hormones throughout the lifespans of mammals.

Author : Claire Gibson,Liisa A. M. Galea
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2023-03-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031267239

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Sex Differences in Brain Function and Dysfunction by Claire Gibson,Liisa A. M. Galea Pdf

Does sex matter when it comes to brain function? This volume attempts to answer this very important question which is of relevance to the disciplines of psychology, neuroscience, psychiatry and neurology. Understanding how brain function and resultant behaviors may differ between the sexes impacts upon our knowledge of the pathology and development of treatments for various neurological and psychiatric disorders, particularly those that show significant sex differences in either prevalence and/or manifestation of symptoms. This volume covers three main themes of research into sex differences in basic neurobiology, psychology, preclinical research and clinical research. It begins by exploring our understanding of sex and gender in relation to both animal and human behaviors and discusses the relevance, and importance, of considering sex and gender when conducting research into brain function and behaviors. The second theme focuses on how sex and gender influence mental health and considers the impact of our immune system and the changes that occur with ageing. Finally, the third aspect focuses on examples of neurological disorder which show sex differences in terms of their aetiology and/or symptomology and considers the relevance in the development of treatment for these disorders including dementia, stroke and multiple sclerosis. This volume is of considerable interest to mental health and neurology professionals, including psychiatrists, neurologists, nurses, allied health clinicians and pharmacists. It is also helpful and important for preclinical researchers working in neuroscience, psychopharmacology and reproductive endocrinology.

Author : Annie Duchesne,Meng-Chuan Lai,Gillian Einstein,Belinda Pletzer,Marina A. Pavlova
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889638659

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Bridging Gaps Between Sex and Gender in Neurosciences by Annie Duchesne,Meng-Chuan Lai,Gillian Einstein,Belinda Pletzer,Marina A. Pavlova Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Brain
ISBN : 0444801049

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Sex Differences in the Brain by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780444641243

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Sex Differences in Neurology and Psychiatry by Anonim Pdf

Sex Differences in Neurology and Psychiatry, Volume 175, addresses this important issue by viewing major neurological and psychiatric conditions through the lens of sexual dimorphism, providing an entirely novel approach to understanding vulnerability factors, as well as potential new treatment strategies in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. The handbook comprises four major sections: (1) Introduction to sex differences in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, (2) Description of the impact of genetic, epigenetic, sex hormonal and other environmental effects on cerebral sex dimorphism, (3) Review of sex differences in neurologic disorders, and (4) Review of sex differences in psychiatric disorders. Explores sex differences in human neuroanatomy and neurophysiology Offers a pathway toward a gender-specific treatment of neurologic and psychiatric disorders Provides an overview of the genetics of sex hormones, human brain structure, and function, as well as the epigenetics, environment and social context

Author : Cordelia Fine
Publisher : Icon Books Ltd
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2005-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781848313965

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Delusions of Gender by Cordelia Fine Pdf

THE BRILLIANT AND HUGELY INFLUENTIAL BOOK BY THE WINNER OF THE 2017 ROYAL SOCIETY INSIGHT INVESTMENT SCIENCE BOOKS PRIZE 'Fun, droll yet deeply serious.' New Scientist 'A brilliant feminist critic of the neurosciences ... Read her, enjoy and learn.' Hilary Rose, THES 'A witty and meticulously researched exposé of the sloppy studies that pass for scientific evidence in so many of today's bestselling books on sex differences.' Carol Tavris, TLS Gender inequalities are increasingly defended by citing hard-wired differences between the male and female brain. That's why, we're told, there are so few women in science, so few men in the laundry room – different brains are just suited to different things. With sparkling wit and humour, Cordelia Fine attacks this 'neurosexism', revealing the mind's remarkable plasticity, the substantial influence of culture on identity, and the malleability of what we consider to be 'hardwired' difference. This modern classic shows the surprising extent to which boys and girls, men and women are made – not born.

Author : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Health And Medicine Division,Board On Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 030926510X

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Sex Differences in Brain Disorders: Emerging Transcriptomic Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Health And Medicine Division,Board On Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders Pdf

Accumulating evidence gathered over the past three decades has demonstrated a biological basis for differences between men and women with respect to clinical features and treatment responses to several neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders. Dramatic sex differences have also been identified in the brain transcriptomes of individuals with multiple brain disorders, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and autism. The brain transcriptome includes all of the messenger RNA as well as the non-protein-coding RNA molecules expressed in brain tissue and thus represents gene activity. To explore these sex-based transcriptomic differences further, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop on September 23, 2020, titled Sex Differences in Brain Disorders: Emerging Transcriptomic Evidence and Implications for Therapeutic Development. The workshop brought together a broad spectrum of stakeholders to share cutting-edge emerging evidence, discuss challenges, and identify future opportunities and potential directions. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.