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Shark Repellents From The Sea by Bernard J Zahuranec Pdf
Some species of sharks, because they are large, agile predators, are extremely dangerous to humans in water. During World War II, the long-time goal of an effective shark repellent was partially realized by the U.S. Navy's development of "Shark Chaser," a copper acetate-negrosine dye mixture. But neither Shark Chaser nor other noxious or even extre
Toxins, Drugs, and Pollutants in Marine Animals by L. Bolis,J. Zadunaisky,R. Gilles Pdf
The importance of toxins and other phanuacologically active com pounds obtained from marine animals cannot be emphasized enough. The use of these chemicals for defense or attack of other life fonus are of interest in themselves; however, they are of great importance in our understanding of their mechanisms of action in view of possible application in the defense of man (no doubt a predator) and in biol ogy and medicine. The toxin of the flat fish Pardachirus presented in some of the papers of this book is an example of a defense mechanism based on secretion of a toxin that could possibly be extended to being used to defend man himself from sharks, the marine predators par ex cellence. August, 1984 J. ZADUNAISKY Preface The study of toxins, drugs, and pollutants in the marine environment, and their impact on human life existed already in Babylon and Assyria, Egypt, Persia, India, China, Japan, Greece, Rome and South America. Nevertheless, less is known about ethnic marine biology than about ethnobotany. Only recently however, have active biotoxins been used as molecular probes in neuropharmacology, offering intriguing new insights into nervous activity and muscular functions. It is clear from the presentations at this meeting that much remains to be done, and certainly new, more pharmacologically oriented find ings lie ahead.
Author : Thomas P. Peschak Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 197 pages File Size : 45,9 Mb Release : 2014-02-27 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780226047928
At once feared and revered, sharks have captivated people since our earliest human encounters. Children and adults alike stand awed before aquarium shark tanks, fascinated by the giant teeth and unnerving eyes. And no swim in the ocean is undertaken without a slight shiver of anxiety about the very real—and very cinematic—dangers of shark bites. But our interactions with sharks are not entirely one-sided: the threats we pose to sharks through fisheries, organized hunts, and gill nets on coastlines are more deadly and far-reaching than any bite. In Sharks and People acclaimed wildlife photographer Thomas Peschak presents stunning photographs that capture the relationship between people and sharks around the globe. A contributing photographer to National Geographic, Peschak is best known for his unusual photographs of sharks—his iconic image of a great white shark following a researcher in a small yellow kayak is one of the most recognizable shark photographs in the world. The other images gathered here are no less riveting, bringing us as close as possible to sharks in the wild. Alongside the photographs, Sharks and People tells the compelling story of the natural history of sharks. Sharks have roamed the oceans for more than four hundred million years, and in this time they have never stopped adapting to the ever-changing world—their unique cartilage skeletons and array of super-senses mark them as one of the most evolved groups of animals. Scientists have recently discovered that sharks play an important role in balancing the ocean, including maintaining the health of coral reefs. Yet, tens of millions of sharks are killed every year just to fill the demand for shark fin soup alone. Today more than sixty species of sharks, including hammerhead, mako, and oceanic white-tip sharks, are listed as vulnerable or in danger of extinction. The need to understand the significant part sharks play in the oceanic ecosystem has never been so urgent, and Peschak’s photographs bear witness to the thrilling strength and unique attraction of sharks. They are certain to enthrall and inspire.
Women in ichthyology: an anthology in honour of ET, Ro and Genie by E.K. Balon,Michael N. Bruton,David L.G. Noakes Pdf
This special volume is dedicated to the contributions of women ichthyologists. Three colleagues were selected to represent all women ichthyologists, Ethelwynn Trewavas (ET), Rosemary Lowe-McConnell (Ro) and Eugenie Clark (Genie). All have had distinguished professional careers and have contributed in their own ways to their science. The career of each is highlighted by a personal interview with one of the editors of the volume, a bibliography of their lifetime publications, and a biography of their careers. Questions of historical inequities and current controversies in the treatment of women ichthyologists by their peers are raised and addressed by the women themselves. The personal and professional influences of these three women, and other women ichthyologists, are highlighted. A survey article by Pat Brown brings a number of women ichthyologists to the attention of a broader audience, and points the way for a more comprehensive historical consideration of the accomplishments and contributions of women ichthyologists. The volume continues with 16 solicited and contributed papers. ET's studies of taxonomy and life history are echoed in papers on the taxonomy and systematics of marine angelfishes, and of freshwater bitterlings, a review of reproduction in the North Atlantic ichthyofauna, and a comparison of reproductive styles and systematics of African minnows. Ro's studies on ecology, life history and behaviour are paralleled by papers on growth and metabolism in piranha, the community structure in tide pool fishes, and the social system and reproductive patterns in groupers. Genie's pioneering work on sexual roles and sex change, and her field studies of the behaviour of marine fishes are reflected in papers on gonadal structure and environmental sex determination in brook lamprey, sexual patterns in hawkfish, reproduction and systematics in phallostethids, gonadal structure and systematics in gobiids, reproductive and predator avoidance behaviour in razorfish, early ontogeny of an African mouth brooder, and alternative life histories in killifish.
The behavior and sensory biology of elasmobranch fishes: an anthology in memory of Donald Richard Nelson by Timothy C. Tricas,Samuel H. Gruber Pdf
The elasmobranch fishes include the living sharks, skates and rays that are important members of nearly all marine ecosystems. Their large size, secretive behavior, and wide-ranging habits make them difficult to observe in the field or to maintain in captivity. Consequently, little is known about their natural behavior and how it is mediated by their sensory systems. This volume is dedicated to the scientific contributions and memory of Donald Nelson, a pioneer in the study of shark behavior, sensory biology, and remote instrumentation. The two opening papers review Don Nelson's unique scientific accomplishments and provide insight into his strong bias towards study of animals in the field. These are followed by 14 scientific papers on elasmobranch behavior, sensory biology, and current monitoring technologies. The papers on elasmobranch sensory biology and behavior address questions on hearing, the lateral line, electroreception, the brain, orientation behavior, chemical irritants, feeding, and reproduction. The latter section of the volume presents papers on conventional tagging techniques, ultrasonic telemetry, physiological telemetry, remote monitoring techniques, archival tagging and satellite tagging. The intent of this volume is to familiarize both new and established scientists with the sensory biology and behavior of sharks and rays, and to encourage further behavioral research on these animals in their natural environment.
Handbook of Nonmedical Applications of Liposomes by Danilo D. Lasic,Yechezkel Barenholz Pdf
First published in 1996, liposomes have become an important model in fundamental biomembrane research, including biophysical, biochemical, and cell biological studies of membranes and cell function. They are thoroughly studied in several applications, such as drug delivery systems in medical applications and as controlled release systems, microencapsulating media, signal carriers, support matrices, and solubilizers in other applications. While medical applications have been extensively reviewed in recent literature, there is a need for easily accessible information on applications for liposomes beyond pharmacology and medicine. The Handbook of Nonmedical Applications of Liposomes fills this void.This unique new handbook series presents recent developments in the use of liposomes in many scientific disciplines, from studies on the origin of life, protein function, and vesicle shapes, to applications in cosmetics, diagnostics, ecology, bioreclamation, and the food industry. In these volumes many of the top experts contribute extensive reviews of their work.
The word "shark" triggers the interest of many students. This book describes the physical characteristics, behavior, and varieties of sharks. It dispels common myths about these unusual fish. The full-color photos and the arousing descriptions of sharks won't be a disappointment to even the most reluctant reader.
Author : A. Peter Klimley Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 525 pages File Size : 47,5 Mb Release : 2013-07-31 Category : Science ISBN : 9780226923086
The Biology of Sharks and Rays by A. Peter Klimley Pdf
The Biology of Sharks and Rays is a comprehensive resource on the biological and physiological characteristics of the cartilaginous fishes: sharks, rays, and chimaeras. In sixteen chapters, organized by theme, A. Peter Klimley covers a broad spectrum of topics, including taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and physiology. For example, he explains the body design of sharks and why the ridged, toothlike denticles that cover their entire bodies are present on only part of the rays’ bodies and are absent from those of chimaeras. Another chapter explores the anatomy of the jaws and the role of the muscles and teeth in jaw extension, seizure, and handling of prey. The chapters are richly illustrated with pictures of sharks, diagrams of sensory organs, drawings of the body postures of sharks during threat and reproductive displays, and maps showing the extent of the species’ foraging range and long-distance migrations. Each chapter commences with an anecdote from the author about his own personal experience with the topic, followed by thought-provoking questions and a list of recommended readings in the scientific literature. The book will be a useful textbook for advanced ichthyology students as well as an encyclopedic source for those seeking a greater understanding of these fascinating creatures.
Examines a handful of famous ocean explorers and naturalists--including Jacque Cousteau, Thor Heyerdahl, and Rachel Carson, among others--to demonstrate how their work helped shape the way many Americans would think about, and interact with, the ocean.
Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products by David H. Attaway,Oskar R. Zaborsky Pdf
Biotechnology may be defined as the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services (Bullet al. , 1982, p. 21) or as any technique that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific use (OTC, 1988). In line with these broad definitions we can consider marine biotechnology as the use of marine organisms or their constituents for useful purposes in a controlled fashion. This series will explore a range of scientific advances in support of marine biotechnology. It will provide information on advances in three categories: (1) basic knowledge, (2) ap plied research and development, and (3) commercial and institutional issues. We hope the presentation of the topics will generate interest and interaction among readers in the academic world, government, and industry. This first volume examines chemical and biological properties of some natural products that are useful or potentially useful in research and in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. One chapter describes a system for producing such substances on a large scale. Biotechnology incorporates molecular biology in order to go beyond tradi tional biochemical technology such as the production of antibiotic drugs from bacterial cultures in bioreactors. Development of the technology for production of antibiotics in this way resulted from fundamental advances in chemistry, phar macology, microbiology, and biochemical engineering.
Shark attack! The very expression sends a shiver down the spine. It conjures terrifying images of hidden menace from the undersea world, of rasping teeth, of injuries too horrifying to contemplate, of once-calm water foaming pink with blood. The reality of shark attack includes all these nightmares, and more. Few fears in the human imagination can compare with being eaten alive by this baleful killer fish. All of these things happen, usually without warning, to real people just like you or I. But they happen very, very rarely, and are but a tiny part of the truth behind this mysterious and misunderstood creature. Shark Attack explains the reality behind the killer facade.
DK Readers L3: Shark Attack! by Cathy East Dubowski Pdf
Sensationalized stories and stereotyping made sharks feared rather than revered. Shark Attack! explores the truth about these mysterious creatures. Let your kids explore a topic by themselves. Story elements mixed in with up-to-date knowledge about sharks, myths and interesting facts come together to build up your child's knowledge base and encourage them to read. There is so much to learn, and this book will help your child explore the ocean's biggest predator, sharks. Discover the truth about the most feared creatures of the ocean. Shark Attack! is full to the brim with facts for kids, colorful illustrations, photographs and stories that will feed their imagination. This shark book for kids is written, edited, and designed by a team of experts, vetted by educational consultants, and properly levelled to the reading age, this is the ultimate knowledge book for kids. Savage Killers or Endangered Victims? Did you know that the great white shark can grow up to 20ft (6m) and that not all sharks have teeth? Learn about the most ferocious creature in the sea in Shark Attack!, a Level 3 DK Reader. This book for kids is ideal for children who are just beginning to read alone. They will discover how sharks and humans interact and learn why sharks aren't that scary. The exciting photographs and illustrations will not only build their knowledge base but expose them to new vocabulary and challenging sentence structures. It also comes complete with information for you as a parent, glossary, quiz and more! This kid's educational book covers topics like: - Shark stories - Facts and myths about shark attacks - The deadliest sharks - Why we need sharks - And so much more! DK Level 3 books are the perfect educational book series for kids who are ready to read alone. This series covers engaging topics with fun interactive pages to build reading skills. Developed in consultation with leading literacy experts to cultivate a love of reading. Shark Attack! forms part of the DK Level 3 collection and includes other titles such as Star Wars: The Story of Darth Vader.
Sharks in the Arts by Vivienne Westbrook,Shaun Collin,Dean Crawford,Mark Nicholls Pdf
This book is the most thorough exploration to date of the many ways in which a wild creature has been absorbed, reimagined and represented across the ages in all of the major art forms. The authors consider not only how the identity of sharks in the natural environment became incorporated into a cultural environment but also how sharks came to be considered the most feared creatures in the open oceans as a consequence of this incorporation. Yet sharks are especially important in helping to maintain a balance that is essential to the health of the oceans. The book begins with a treatment of the three sharks at the top of global shark-attack files from scientific, economic and environmental perspectives. Subsequent chapters engage with cultural representations of sharks in poetry, drama, art, novels, screenplay adaptations and films. Through an exploration of the ways in which sharks have been represented in human culture through the centuries, this book alerts the global community to the importance of sharks as a common cultural heritage. It aims to change perceptions of sharks so that they can become more revered than feared. The authors of this book argue that an increased understanding of sharks should lead to the development of better strategies for shark and human interactions. This book will be of great interest to researchers and students of the Environmental Humanities, Cultural History and the Arts. It is also excellent supplementary reading for courses in Zoology and Marine Science.
