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Shedding of Plant Parts focuses on the anatomical, physiological, and ecological features of shedding of vegetative and reproductive parts of plants. This book encompasses both natural and induced shedding. Organized into 12 chapters, this book first outlines the extent of shedding of plant cells, tissues, and organs and summarizes the biological and economic implications of such shedding. Separate chapters follow that discuss anatomical and histochemical changes in leaf abscission; the physiological ecology and internal regulation of abscission; and the shedding of shoots, branches, bark, roots, pollen, seeds, and reproductive structures of forest trees. This book also explains the anatomical changes in abscission of reproductive structures, chemical thinning of flowers and fruits, and chemical control of fruit abscission. This book will be valuable to plant anatomists, pathologists, and physiologists, and to agronomists, arborists, biochemists, ecologists, entomologists, foresters, horticulturists, landscape architects, meteorologists, and soil scientists.
Research Methods in Plant Sciences: Allelopathy Vol. 5(Plant Physiology) by S.S. Narwal,B. Politycka,C.L. Goswami Pdf
Allelopathy is a new field of science, as the term Allelopathy was coined by Prof. Hans Molisch, a German Plant Physiologist in 1937. However, no standard methods are being used by various workers due to lack of compendium on the Techniques, hence, the results obtained are not easily comparable with each others. Till now lot of allelopathy resech has been done in various fields of Agricultural and Plant Sciences. However, there is no compilation of various Research Methods used. Every scientist is conducting research in his own way. It is causing lot of problems to researchers working in underdeveloped/Third World Countries in small towns without Library facilities. Therefore, to make available the standard methods for conducting allelopathy research independently, this multi-volume book has been planned. Since allelopathy is multi-disciplinary area of research, hence, volumes have been planned for each discipline. Prof. S.S. Narwal has planned this multi-volume Book Research Methods in Plant Sciences : Allelopathy. Three volumes (Volume 1. Soil Analysis, Volume 2. Plant Protection and Volume 3. Plant Pathogens) of this Book were released during the IV. International Allelopathy Conference, August 23-25, 2004 at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India. Volumes 4. Plant Analysis and Volume 5. Plant Physiology will be released in November, 2006. Three volumes (Volume 6. Cell Diagnostics, Volume 7. Chemistry Methods and Volume 8. Weed Studies) are under preparation. This volume of 28 Chapters, is divided into 7 Sections. Section I. Seed Physiology, includes 5 chapters describing the structure of seed, optimum conditions for seed germination, physiological and biochemical changes at cellular level. Section II. Growth and Development, describes leaf area, growth indices, senescence and abscission. Allelochemicals, present in soil or plant, can create chemical stress which may change the plant water status, plasma membrane properties, chlorophyll stability and waxes present on the organ surface. Methods to determine all these parameters are described in next 4 chapters in Section III. Stress Physiology. These sites can be explored by estimating chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosystems I and II activity, carbon dioxide exchange rate, activity of CO2 fixing enzymes, intermediate metabolite level, photosynthate partitioning, respiration and finally the crop growth dynamics. Methods to determine extent of all these sites are explained in 7 chapters in Section IV. Gas Exchange Processes. The main cause of changed physiological process is at the gene level, for which estimation of nucleic acids is very critical. It is briefly explained in section V. Biochemical Estimation. Section VI. Microtomy and Histochemistry, has 7 chapters. Basic procedure to process the test plant material for microtomy, use of light and electron microscopy to study cellular changes, measurement of cellular dimensions, stomatal index and frequency, pollen viability and in vivo pollen germination and histochemical localization of important enzymes and metabolites are the core topics. Currently, tissue cultures are commonly used to study the precise effect of allelochemicals on callus growth and differentiation. To achieve these objectives techniques of tissue cultures is described under section VI. Tissue Culture.
Physiology of Woody Plants by Theodore T. Kozlowski,Stephen G. Pallardy Pdf
This completely revised classic volume is an up-to-date synthesis of the intensive research devoted to woody plants. Intended primarily as a text for students and a reference for researchers, this interdisciplinary book should be useful to a broad range of scientists from agroforesters, agronomists, and arborists to plant pathologists, ecophysiologists, and soil scientists. Anyone interested in plant physiology will find this text invaluable. Includes supplementary chapter summaries and lists of general references Provides a solid foundation of reference information Thoroughly updated classic text/reference
Growth Control in Woody Plants by Theodore T. Kozlowski,Stephen G. Pallardy Pdf
The processes and mechanisms that control the growth of woody plants are of crucial importance for both economic and biological reasons. The comprehensive coverage of Growth Control in Woody Plants includes discussion of the growth controlling factors in both reproductive structures (flowers, fruit, seeds, pollen, etc.) and vegetative organs (stems, branches, leaves, and roots). Other major topics covered include seed germination, seedling growth, physiological and environmental regulation of growth, cultural practices, and biotechnology. This comprehensive treatment of the many factors that control the growth of woody plants can serve both as a valuable text and as a frequently used reference. * Includes comprehensive representation of a broad subject * Provides thorough bibliographic coverage * Well illustrated * Serves as a vital companion to Physiology of Woody Plants, Second Edition
The Physiological Ecology of Woody Plants by Theodore T. Kozlowski,Paul J. Kramer,Stephen G. Pallardy Pdf
The efficient management of trees and other woody plants can be improved given an understanding of the physiological processes that control growth, the complex environmental factors that influence those processes, and our ability to regulate and maintain environmental conditions that facilitate growth. Emphasizes genetic and environmental interactions that influence woody plant growth Outlines responses of individual trees and tree communities to environmental stress Explores cultural practices useful for efficient management of shade, forest, and fruit trees, woody vines, and shrubs
Integrative Plant Anatomy by William C. Dickison Pdf
From this modern and profusely illustrated book, the reader will learn not just the basics, which are amply reviewed, but also how plant anatomy is integrated with a wide variety of other disciplines, such as plant breeding, forensic analysis, medicine, food science, wood and fiber products, and the arts. The author presents the basic concepts and terminology of plant anatomy with a special emphasis on its significance and applications to other disciplines, and addresses the central role of anatomy by consolidating previously scattered information into a single volume. Integrative Plant Anatomy highlights the important contribution made by studying anatomy to the solutions of a number of present and future problems. It succeeds in integrating diverse areas of botany, as well as the non-biological sciences, the arts, and numerous other fields of human endeavor. Presents both the classical and modern approaches to the subject Teaches the importance of the subject to other disciplines such as the nonbiological sciences, the arts, and other fields of human endeavor Written and organized to be useful to students and instructors, but also to be accessible and appealing to a general audience Bridges the gap between conventional textbooks and comprehensive reference works Includes key terms and extensive additional readings Richly illustrated with line drawings and photographs
Response of Plants to Multiple Stresses by William E. Winner,Eva J. Pell Pdf
This book presents a whole-plant perspective on plant integrated responses to multiple stresses, including an analysis of how plants have evolved growth forms and phenological responses to cope with changing stress patterns in natural environments. Explores stress responses at both the structural and process levels Outlines structural, phenological, and physiological responses that optimize production under multiple stresses Combines physiological and evolutionary perspectives
Senescence and Aging in Plants reviews the state of knowledge in the processes involved in plant senescence and aging. The book begins by discussing the emergence of senescence as a concept; experimental analysis of senescence; and patterns of senescence. It then examines membrane deterioration during senescence; photosynthesis in relation to leaf senescence; senescence of detached plant organs; changing patterns of nucleic acid and protein synthesis during senescence; and degradative and associated assimilatory aspects of nitrogen removal. This is followed by chapters on aspects of ethylene that may impinge upon its role in promoting senescence of higher plants; the role of cytokinins in plant senescence; the promoters and retardants of senescence; and the role of calcium in plant senescence. The concept of whole plant senescence is discussed, which can be subdivided into patterns, correlative controls, cessation of vegetative growth, declining assimilatory processes, assimilate partitioning, and hormonal controls. The final chapters cover the deterioration of cellular membranes during the plant aging process and seed aging.
Physiology of Woody Plants by Stephen G. Pallardy Pdf
Woody plants such as trees have a significant economic and climatic influence on global economies and ecologies. This completely revised classic book is an up-to-date synthesis of the intensive research devoted to woody plants published in the second edition, with additional important aspects from the authors' previous book, Growth Control in Woody Plants. Intended primarily as a reference for researchers, the interdisciplinary nature of the book makes it useful to a broad range of scientists and researchers from agroforesters, agronomists, and arborists to plant pathologists and soil scientists. This third edition provides crutial updates to many chapters, including: responses of plants to elevated CO2; the process and regulation of cambial growth; photoinhibition and photoprotection of photosynthesis; nitrogen metabolism and internal recycling, and more. Revised chapters focus on emerging discoveries of the patterns and processes of woody plant physiology. * The only book to provide recommendations for the use of specific management practices and experimental procedures and equipment *Updated coverage of nearly all topics of interest to woody plant physiologists * Extensive revisions of chapters relating to key processes in growth, photosynthesis, and water relations * More than 500 new references * Examples of molecular-level evidence incorporated in discussion of the role of expansion proteins in plant growth; mechanism of ATP production by coupling factor in photosynthesis; the role of cellulose synthase in cell wall construction; structure-function relationships for aquaporin proteins
Air Pollution, Global Change and Forests in the New Millennium by D.F. Karnosky,K.E. Percy,A.H. Chappelka,C. Simpson,J. Pikkarainen Pdf
The chapters in this book present a snapshot of the state of knowledge of air pollution effects at the beginning of the 21st century. From their different disciplines, a distinguished collection of authors document their understanding of how leaves, trees, and forests respond to air pollutants and climate change. Scenarios of global change and air pollution are described. The authors describe responses of forests to climate variability, tropospheric ozone, rising atmospheric CO2, the combination of CO2 and ozone, and deposition of acidic compounds and heavy metals. The responses to ozone receive particular attention because of increasing concern about its damaging effects and increasing concentrations in rural areas. Scaling issues are addressed - from leaves to trees, from juvenile trees to mature trees, from short-term responses to long-term responses, and from small-scale experiments and observations to large-scale forest ecosystems. This book is one major product of a conference sponsored by the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the USDA Forest Service Global Change Northern Stations Program, the Arthur Ross Foundation, NCASI, the Canadian Forest Service, and Michigan Technological University. The conference, held in May 2000 in Houghton, Michigan, USA, was appropriately titled "Air Pollution, Global Change, and Forests in the New Millennium". The Editors, David Karnosky, Kevin Percy, Art Chappelka, Caroline Simpson, and Janet Pikkarainen organized the conference and edited this book.
Soil Water Measurement, Plant Responses, and Breeding for Drought Resistance by T.T. Kozlowski Pdf
Water Deficits and Plant Growth, Volume IV: Soil Water Measurement, Plant Responses, and Breeding for Drought Resistance explores the physiological effects of water deficits on plants and their implications on crop yield, water use, and drought resistance. This book also considers drought-resistance measurements and their application to breeding programs. This volume is organized into eight chapters and begins with an overview of measurement of soil water content and the state of water in soils. Particular emphasis is placed on methods developed from technological advances. The next two chapters focus on the structure and functioning of stomata and stomatal conductance in control of gas exchange. The discussion then shifts to the effects of water supply on photosynthesis, leaf shedding, flow of latex, and nitrogen-fixing root nodules. The final chapter is a comprehensive treatment of plant breeding for drought resistance, emphasizing breeding and testing methods as well as parameters and application to breeding programs of drought resistance. This book is a valuable resource for scientists and investigators in fields such as botany, agronomy, forestry, agriculture, and biology.
