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Author : Anne Trontell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
ISBN : UOM:39015041308043
Author : H.F. Stich,R.H.C. San
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 535 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461258476
The recent surge of interest in designing, validating, and implementing short-term tests for carcinogens has been spurred by the fairly convincing correlation be tween the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chemicals and physical agents and by the assumption that DNA alteration, mutations, and chromosome aberrations are somehow involved in neoplastic transformation. Moreover, it has been tacitly assumed that the mutagenic capacity alone of compounds would induce regulatory agencies to pass rules for their removal from the environment and would lead the public to avoid them. The actual response, however, is quite different. Governmental departments shy away from making any decisions on the basis of in vitro test systems. The public at large is becoming irritated by daily an nouncements that many of their cherished habits could adversely affect their health. Industry appears to feel threatened and may reduce its search for new beneficial chemicals. The reluctance to accept wholeheartedly the mutagenicity tests for the detection of carcinogens is partly due to uncertainty about the in volvement of mutations in neoplastic transformation, partly due to the present difficulty of extrapolating results from various endpoints obtained on numerous organisms to man, and partly due to a multitude of complex events that lead in vivo to the evolvement of benign or malignant tumors.
Author : H.C. Grice
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642493713
The International Life Sciences Institute (lLSI) is a scientific foundation wh ich addresses critical health and safety issues of national and international concern. ILSI promotes international cooperation by pro viding the mechanism for scientists from government, industry and universities to work together on cooperative programs to generate and disseminate scientific data. The members and trustees of the Institute believe that questions regarding health and safety are best resolved when scientists can ex amine and discuss issues, as an independent body, se~arate from the political pressures of individual countries and the economic concerns of individual companies. Frequently, meaningful assessment of the risk of a test substance is hindered by the inherent inconsistencies in the system. The development and refinement of methods and systems to evaluate the safety of chemicals have evolved in a rapid and largely unplanned fashion. Attempts to improve the system have largely been directed toward broad general concerns, with little attention being given to specific problems or issues. A failure to resolve these problems has frequently resulted in increased testing costs and complications in the assessment and extrapolation of the results. Publicity surrounding toxicologic issues has created chronic public apprehension about the ability of science and government to deal effectively with these problems. In response to these difficulties, ILSI has assembled highly qualified and renowned scientists from research institutes, universities, government and industry, with relevant scientific knowledge and expertise regarding the issues that complicate risk assessment procedures.
Author : Byron E. Butterworth
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Medical
ISBN : UCAL:B4456694
Author : D. McGregor,S. Venitt
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Medical
ISBN : UCSD:31822026437095
Lifetime assays for carcinogenicity in experimental animals, together with data on genetic and related effects on a variety of organisms, have long been the foundation for predictions of carcinogenic hazard to human beings. Recent scientific advances have provided new assays and novel test systems that are beginning to supplement, and in the future may even replace, the well-established tests that have been widely used for the last four decades. This publication reviews the evidence that justifies the use of lesions that precede histologically defined malignancy as endpoints to predict carcinogenicity. It evaluates the utility of non-mammalian species and of genetically engineered rodents as subjects for carcinogenicity tests and mutations in cancer-related genes in human and experimental animal tumours as 'footprints' of environmental carcinogens. It evaluates the use of established and novel assays for genetic toxicity in the prediction of carcinogenicity. Finally it formulates recommendations on the use of such data in the process of evaluation of carcinogenic hazards by the IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.
Author : Anne Trontell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
ISBN : UCR:31210012791180
Author : K. H. Norpoth,R. C. Garner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Medical
ISBN : UOM:39015000262694
The varying cancer incidence from country to country and region to region suggests that en vironmental factors play a considerable role in the aetiology of cancer. Whether these factors in the environment moderate the effect of car cinogenic chemicals or whether they might them selves be carcinogenic is not known at the present time. What is known is that there are various chemicals, both naturally occurring and man-made, which can induce cancer in man. In the Western world estimates vary as to how much cancer is occupational in origin; the figures range from 1% to 40%. It is our feeling that probably about 10% of cancer has a direct oc cupational origin. Nevertheless this number is considerable and it behoves us therefore to identify those chemicals which are carcinogenic and to reduce human exposure. Recent work on the mode of action of carcinogenic chemicals suggests that the majority exert their effect through an activation step to give elec trophilic metabolites. Such metabolites have as a common feature the ability to react with cel lular nucleophiles to give covalently bound products. Such reaction will occur after carcino gen treatment of animals with nucleic acids par ticularly in target organs. It is reaction with nucleic acids that provides the basis of a num ber of short-term tests for carcinogens, since the basic composition of DNA is similar in micro-organisms and in human cells.
Author : DonaldL. Wise
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 952 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351418942
""This unique, single-source reference offers a thorough treatment of the remediation of soils contaminated by hazardous wastes and the scientific and engineering issues that must be addressed in creating practical solutions for their reclamation.
Author : David J. Kirkland
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1990-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0521393477
A summary of the essential texts that must be performed on all new compounds before they can be registered for use in the UK.
Author : John Ashby,International Program on Chemical Safety
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1985-01-01
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
ISBN : 0444806156
Author : John Ashby
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Medical
ISBN : CORNELL:31924050734106
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1996-02-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309175715
Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Toxicology
ISBN : UCR:31210012936843
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428904309
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : Legare Street Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-27
Category : History
ISBN : 1015698875
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.