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Smarandache 问题研究 (Chinese) by Yuan Yi,Xiaoyu Kang Pdf
This book is a collection of papers and definitions in Chinese language related to Smarandache n-structures, generalized palindromes, functions, sequences, numbers, neutrosophic logic/set/probability/statistics, Smarandache geometries, etc.
Smarandache Unsolved problems and New Progress (in Chinese language) by Editors: Liu Yanni, Li Ling, Liu Baoli,Yanni Liu,Ling Li,Baoli Liu Pdf
New improved results of the research in Chinese language on Smarandache¿s codification used in computer programming, smarandacheials, totient and congruence functions, sequences, irrational constants in number theory, multi-space and geometries.
Smarandache Geometries & Map Theories with Applications (I) [English and Chinese] by Linfan Mao Pdf
800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} Smarandache Geometries as generalizations of Finsler, Riemannian, Weyl, and Kahler Geometries. A Smarandache geometry (SG) is a geometry which has at least one smarandachely denied axiom (1969). An axiom is said smarandachely denied (S-denied) if in the same space the axiom behaves differently (i.e., validated and invalided; or only invalidated but in at least two distinct ways). Thus, as a particular case, Euclidean, Lobachevsky-Bolyai-Gauss, and Riemannian geometries may be united altogether, in the same space, by some SGs. These last geometries can be partially Euclidean and partially non-Euclidean. The novelty of the SG is the fact that they introduce for the first time the degree of negation in geometry, similarly to the degree of falsehood in fuzzy or neutrosophic logic. For example an axiom can be denied in percentage of 30 Also SG are defined on multispaces, i.e. unions of Euclidean and non-Euclidean subspaces, or unions of distinct non-Euclidean spaces. As an example of S-denying, a proposition , which is the conjunction of a set i of propositions, can be invalidated in many ways if it is minimally unsatisfiable, that is, such that the conjunction of any proper subset of the i is satisfied in a structure, but itself is not. Here it is an example of what it means for an axiom to be invalidated in multiple ways [2] : As a particular axiom let's take Euclid's Fifth Postulate. In Euclidean or parabolic geometry a line has one parallel only through a given point. In Lobacevskian or hyperbolic geometry a line has at least two parallels through a given point. In Riemannian or elliptic geometry a line has no parallel through a given point. Whereas in Smarandache geometries there are lines which have no parallels through a given point and other lines which have one or more parallels through a given point (the fifth postulate is invalidated in many ways). Therefore, the Euclid's Fifth Postulate (which asserts that there is only one parallel passing through an exterior point to a given line) can be invalidated in many ways, i.e. Smarandachely denied, as follows: - first invalidation: there is no parallel passing through an exterior point to a given line; - second invalidation: there is a finite number of parallels passing through an exterior point to a given line; - third invalidation: there are infinitely many parallels passing through an exterior point to a given line.
Let’s Flying by Wing - Mathematical Combinatorics & Smarandache Multi-Spaces (Chinese) by Linfan Mao Pdf
This book is for young students, words of one mathematician, also being aphysicist and an engineer to young students. By recalling each of his growth and successsteps, beginning as a construction worker, obtained a certification of undergraduate learnby himself and a doctor¿s degree in university, after then continuously overlooking theseobtained achievements, raising new scientific objectives in mathematics and physics bySmarandache¿s notion and combinatorial principle for his research.
Let's Flying by Wing - Mathematical Combinatorics & Smarandache Multi-Spaces (3rd Edition), 让我们插上翅膀飞翔 --- 数学组合与Smarandache 重空间 毛林繁 （第3版） by Linfan Mao Pdf
This book is for students and young scholar, words of a mathematician, also a physicist and an economic scientist to them through by the experience himself and his philosophy. By recalling each of his growth and success steps, i.e., beginning as a construction worker, obtained a certification of undergraduate learn by himself and a doctor's degree in university, promoting mathematical combinatorics for contradictory system on the reality of things and economic systems, and after then continuously overlooking these obtained achievements, raising new scientific topics in mathematics， physics and economy by Smarandache's notions and mathematical combinatorics in his research, tell us the truth that “all roads lead to Rome”, which maybe inspires students and young scholars in mathematical sciences, physics and economy, and also beneficial to the development of bidding business and state governance in China.
Theory and Practice in Construction Project Bidding & Purchase (in Chinese language) by 毛林繁 Pdf
A tendering is a negotiating process for a contract through by a tendered issuing an invitation, bidders submitting bidding documents and the tendered accepting a bidding by sending out a notiFication of award. It is a main measure for completing market economy in China. According to laws and new regulations, rulers and codes new issued, this book introduces fundamental knowledge and techniques in theory and practice for a construction contract by bids, such as those of macro-economic policies, investing and constructing management, the tendering and bidding law with its regulations and how to compile a qualiFication document for a designing, consulting, constructing, purchasing project or a corporate body of a project management. By Smarandache multi-spaces, a mathematical evaluation model for bids is established and examples are included. The Tendering and Bidding Law of China, 5 regulations related and 100 answers for tendering and bidding in China can be found in the attachment. It is referable to researchers on theory or persons working in purchasing and students in universities.
Neutrosophic Interpretation of Tao Te Ching (道德经的中智学解读和扩充 —正反及中智道德经), English‐Chinese Bilingual（英汉双语） by Florentin Smarandache & Fu Yuhua Pdf
The purpose of this book is to extend the foundation and application range of 'Tao TeChing'. The reasons for this are as follows. Firstly, we are willing to point out that 'Tao TeChing' already has some limitation, because many questions we are interested in cannot beanswered within 'Tao Te Ching'. For example, 'Tao Te Ching' basically discussed the mattersin China, however considering all possible situations it should matter in foreign countries aswell, i.e. the ¿global village¿. This was impossible in Lao Tzu¿s time. Secondly, if the original¿Tao Te Ching¿ is regarded as ¿Positive Tao Te Ching¿, its opposite is ¿Negative Tao TeChing¿, while the intermediate or compound state is ¿Neutral Tao Te Ching¿. Thus, our bookpresents the way to extend the original ¿Tao Te Ching¿ in various neutrosophicinterpretations.In a same way it is possible to neutrosophically interpret any theory T in any field:positive T, negative T, and Neutrosophic T.¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿TTT T
