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Author : Peter Nonacs,Heikki Helanterä,Karen Marie Kapheim
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-01-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832512111
Author : Nils Anthes,Peter M. Kappeler,Ralph Bergmüller,Wolf Blanckenhorn,H. Jane Brockmann,Claudia Fichtel,Lutz Fromhage,Joachim Frommen,Wolfgang Goymann,Juergen Heinze,Katharina Hirschenhauser,Heribert Hofer,Sylvia Kaiser,Bart Kempenaers,Gerald Kerth,Judith Ingrid Korb,Kurt M. Kotrschal,Cornelila Kraus,Martha Manser,Nico Michiels,Robin F. A. Moritz,Mario Pahl,Dustin Penn,Norbert Sachser,Martin Schaefer,Carel P. van Schaik,Jutta M. Schneider,Isabella Schreiber,Michael Taborsky,Jürgen Tautz,Fritz Trillmich,Shaowu Zhang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 712 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-04-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642026249
This up-to-date review examines key areas of animal behaviour, including communication, cognition, conflict, cooperation, sexual selection and behavioural variation. Various tests are covered, including recent empirical examples.
Author : John Maynard Smith,Eörs Szathmáry
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1997-10-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780198502944
During evolution there have been several major changes in the way genetic information is organized and transmitted from one generation to the next. These transitions include the origin of life itself, the first eukaryotic cells, reproduction by sexual means, the appearance of multicellular plants and animals, the emergence of cooperation and of animal societies. This is the first book to discuss all these major transitions and their implications for our understanding of evolution.Clearly written and illustrated with many original diagrams, this book will be welcomed by students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, and genetics.
Author : Jonathan Birch
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198733058
From mitochondria to meerkats, the natural world is full of spectacular examples of social behaviour. In the early 1960s W. D. Hamilton changed the way we think about how such behaviour evolves. He introduced three key innovations - now known as 'Hamilton's rule,' 'kin selection,' and 'inclusive fitness' - and his pioneering work kick-started a research programme now known as social evolution theory. His work has been enormously influential, but remains the subject of fierce controversy. This is a book about the philosophical foundations and future prospects of social evolution theory. In Part I, 'Foundations', Jonathan Birch provides a careful exposition and defence of Hamilton's ideas, with a few modifications along the way. In Part II, 'Extensions', Birch shows how these ideas can be applied to phenomena including cooperation in microorganisms, cooperation among the cells of a multicellular organism, and culturally evolved cooperation in the earliest human societies. Birch argues that real progress can be made in understanding microbial evolution, evolutionary transitions, and human evolution by viewing them through the lens of social evolution theory, provided the theory is interpreted with care and adapted where necessary. This book, the first book-length philosophical study of Hamilton's ideas, places social evolution theory on a firm philosophical footing and sets out exciting new directions for further work. It is essential reading for philosophers of science, evolutionary biologists, and evolutionary social scientists. -- from dust jacket.
Author : Craig Benjamin,Esther Quaedackers,David Baker
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 507 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-08-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000186581
The Routledge Companion to Big History guides readers though the variety of themes and concepts that structure contemporary scholarship in the field of big history. The volume is divided into five parts, each representing current and evolving areas of interest to the community, including big history’s relationship to science, social science, the humanities, and the future, as well as teaching big history and ‘little big histories’. Considering an ever-expanding range of theoretical, pedagogical and research topics, the book addresses such questions as what is the relationship between big history and scientific research, how are big historians working with philosophers and religious thinkers to help construct ‘meaning’, how are leading theoreticians making sense of big history and its relationship to other creation narratives and paradigms, what is ‘little big history’, and how does big history impact on thinking about the future? The book highlights the place of big history in historiographical traditions and the ways in which it can be used in education and public discourse across disciplines and at all levels. A timely collection with contributions from leading proponents in the field, it is the ideal guide for those wanting to engage with the theories and concepts behind big history.
Author : Harry Smit
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107055193
Harry Smit examines the elements of current evolutionary theory and how they bear on the evolution of the human mind.
Author : Jacobus J. Boomsma
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2022-11-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191063213
Evolutionary change is usually incremental and continuous, but some increases in organizational complexity have been radical and divisive. Evolutionary biologists, who refer to such events as “major transitions”, have not always appreciated that these advances were novel forms of pairwise commitment that subjugated previously independent agents. Inclusive fitness theory convincingly explains cooperation and conflict in societies of animals and free-living cells, but to deserve its eminent status it should also capture how major transitions originated: from prokaryote cells to eukaryote cells, via differentiated multicellularity, to colonies with specialized queen and worker castes. As yet, no attempt has been made to apply inclusive fitness principles to the origins of these events. Domains and Major Transitions of Social Evolution develops the idea that major evolutionary transitions involved new levels of informational closure that moved beyond looser partnerships. Early neo-Darwinians understood this principle, but later social gradient thinking obscured the discontinuity of life's fundamental organizational transitions. The author argues that the major transitions required maximal kinship in simple ancestors - not conflict reduction in already elaborate societies. Reviewing more than a century of literature, he makes testable predictions, proposing that open societies and closed organisms require very different inclusive fitness explanations. It appears that only human ancestors lived in societies that were already complex before our major cultural transition occurred. We should therefore not impose the trajectory of our own social history on the rest of nature. This thought-provoking text is suitable for graduate-level students taking courses in evolutionary biology, behavioural ecology, organismal developmental biology, and evolutionary genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. It will also appeal to a broader, interdisciplinary audience, including the social sciences and humanities.
Author : Alexandra Maryanski,Richard Machalek,Jonathan H. Turner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 669 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317258339
"Handbook on Evolution and Society" brings together original chapters by prominent scholars who have been instrumental in the revival of evolutionary theorizing and research in the social sciences over the last twenty-five years. Previously unpublished essays provide up-to-date, critical surveys of recent research and key debates. The contributors discuss early challenges posed by sociobiology, the rise of evolutionary psychology, the more conflicted response of evolutionary sociology to sociobiology, and evolutionary psychology. Chapters address the application and limitations of Darwinian ideas in the social sciences. Prominent authors come from a variety of disciplines in ecology, biology, primatology, psychology, sociology, and the humanities. The most comprehensive resource available, this vital collection demonstrates to scholars and students the new ways in which evolutionary approaches, ultimately derived from biology, are influencing the diverse social sciences and humanities.
Author : Brett Calcott,Kim Sterelny
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262294539
Drawing on recent advances in evolutionary biology, prominent scholars return to the question posed in a pathbreaking book: how evolution itself evolved. In 1995, John Maynard Smith and Eörs Szathmáry published their influential book The Major Transitions in Evolution. The "transitions" that Maynard Smith and Szathmáry chose to describe all constituted major changes in the kinds of organisms that existed but, most important, these events also transformed the evolutionary process itself. The evolution of new levels of biological organization, such as chromosomes, cells, multicelled organisms, and complex social groups radically changed the kinds of individuals natural selection could act upon. Many of these events also produced revolutionary changes in the process of inheritance, by expanding the range and fidelity of transmission, establishing new inheritance channels, and developing more open-ended sources of variation. Maynard Smith and Szathmáry had planned a major revision of their work, but the death of Maynard Smith in 2004 prevented this. In this volume, prominent scholars (including Szathmáry himself) reconsider and extend the earlier book's themes in light of recent developments in evolutionary biology. The contributors discuss different frameworks for understanding macroevolution, prokaryote evolution (the study of which has been aided by developments in molecular biology), and the complex evolution of multicellularity.
Author : Jonathan Silvertown
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2024-04-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780198876410
For all the "selfishness" of genes, they team up to survive. Is the history of life in fact a story of cooperation? Amid the violence and brutality that dominates the news, it's hard to think of ourselves as team players. But cooperation, Jonathan Silvertown argues, is a fundamental part of our make-up, and deeply woven into the whole four-billion-year history of life. Starting with human society, Silvertown digs deeper, to show how cooperation is key to the cells forming our organs, to symbiosis between organisms, to genes that band together, to the dawn of life itself. Cooperation has enabled life to thrive and become complex. Without it, life would never have begun.
Author : Anne-Geneviève Bagnères,Martine Hossaert-McKey
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119330486
The book features comparative perspectives on the field of chemical ecology, present and future, offered by scientists from a wide variety of disciplines. The scientists contributing to this book –biologists, ecologists, biochemists, chemists, biostatisticians – are interested in marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems and work on life forms ranging from micro-organisms to mammals, including humans, living in areas from the tropics to polar regions. Here, they cross their analyses of the present state of chemical ecology and its perspectives for the future. Those presented here include complex, multispecies communities and cover a wide range both of organisms and of the types of molecules that mediate the interactions between them. Up to now, no book has presented a solid scientific treatment of a wide range of examples. This book illustrates a diverse panel of the most advanced aspects of this rapidly expanding field.
Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007-12-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309104050
In December 2006, the National Academy of Sciences sponsored a colloquium (featured as part of the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia series) on "Adaptation and Complex Design" to synthesize recent empirical findings and conceptual approaches toward understanding the evolutionary origins and maintenance of complex adaptations. Darwin's elucidation of natural selection as a creative natural force was a monumental achievement in the history of science, but a century and a half later some religious believers still contend that biotic complexity registers conscious supernatural design. In this book, modern scientific perspectives are presented on the evolutionary origin and maintenance of complex phenotypes including various behaviors, anatomies, and physiologies. After an introduction by the editors and an opening historical and conceptual essay by Francisco Ayala, this book includes 14 papers presented by distinguished evolutionists at the colloquium. The papers are organized into sections covering epistemological approaches to the study of biocomplexity, a hierarchy of topics on biological complexity ranging from ontogeny to symbiosis, and case studies explaining how complex phenotypes are being dissected in terms of genetics and development.
Author : Dustin R. Rubenstein,Patrick Abbot
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107043398
A comparative view of the major features of animal social life and the evolution of cooperative group living.
Author : Jana Šmardová
Publisher : Masarykova univerzita
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-01
Category : Crafts & Hobbies
ISBN : 9788028003777
Lze se pro dobré fungování lidské společnosti poučit nebo inspirovat studiem nádorů? Jak vznikají? Proč nás tolik zajímají? Co nás učí? Mnohobuněčný organismus je v této knize prezentován jako komplexní systém tvořený mnoha buňkami, které spolupracují, zatímco nádory jsou důsledkem opuštění spolupráce a porušování jejích základních principů. Autorka na základě obecné teorie systémů hledá paralely a extrapolace pravidel spolupráce a forem jejich porušování i v jiných komplexních systémech, včetně lidské společnosti. Vedle detailnějšího vhledu do podstaty vzniku a vývoje nádorů kniha nabízí zamyšlení nad otázkou, zda i lidé, podobně jako nádorové buňky, neporušují nebezpečně a sebedestruktivně klíčová pravidla podmiňující dobré fungování systému, jehož jsou součástí.
Author : Matthew Croasmun
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780190665272
We can have a sense that when we try to do right by one another, we aren't merely striving against ourselves. The feeling is that we are struggling against something--someone-else. As if there's a force-a person- that wishes us ill. In his letter to the Romans, the apostle Paul describes just such a person: Sin, a cosmic tyrant who constrains our moral freedom, confuses our moral judgment, and condemns us to slavery and to death. Commentators have long argued about whether Paul literally means to say Sin is a person or is simply indulging in literary personification, but regardless of Paul's intentions, for modern readers it would seem clear enough: there is no such thing as a cosmic tyrant. Surely it is more reasonable to suppose "Sin" is merely a colorful way of describing individual misdeeds or, at most, a way of evoking the intractability of our social ills. In The Emergence of Sin, Matthew Croasmun suggests we take another look. The vision of Sin he offers is at once scientific and theological, social and individual, corporeal and mythological. He argues both that the cosmic power Sin is nothing more than an emergent feature of a vast human network of transgression and that this power is nevertheless real, personal, and one whom we had better be ready to resist. Ultimately, what is on offer here is an account of the world re-mythologized at the hands of chemists, evolutionary biologists, sociologists, and entomologists. In this world, Paul's text is not a relic of a forgotten mythical past, but a field manual for modern living.
