Social Origins Of The Iranian Revolution

Author : Misagh Parsa
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : History
ISBN : 0813514126

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Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution by Misagh Parsa Pdf

Misagh Parsa develops a structural theory of the causes and outcomes of revolution, applying the theory in particular to Iran. He focuses on the ends and means of various groups of Iranians before, during, and after the revolution. For Parsa, revolution is not a direct result of ideologies, which may be less important than structural factors such as the nature of the state and the economy, as well as each group's interests, capacity for mobilization, autonomy, and solidarity structures. Existing theories of revolution explain earlier revolutions better than the Iranian revolution. In Iran most of the protest was in urban areas, the peasants never played a major role, and power was transferred to the clergy, not to an intelligentsia. In the 1970s, oil revenues increased, the economy developed rapidly but unevenly, and the state's expanded intervention undermined market forces and politicized capital accumulation. Systematic repression of workers, aid to the upper class, and attacks on secular and religious opposition showed that the state was serving the interests of particular groups. When the state tried to check high inflation by imposing price controls on bazaaris (merchants, shopkeepers, artisans), their protests forced the state to introduce reforms, providing an opportunity for industrial workers, white-collar workers, intellectuals, and the clergy to mobilize against the state. Thus, structural features rendered the state vulnerable to challenge and attack. Parsa's thorough explanation of the collective actions of each major group in Iran in the three decades prior to the revolution shows how a coalition of classes and groups, using mosques as safe gathering places and led by a segment of the clergy, brought down the monarch of 1979. In the years since the revolution, the conflicts that existed before the revolution seem to be reemerging, in slightly altered form. The clergy now has control, and the state has become centrally and powerfully involved in the economy of the country.

Author : Mohammad Amjad
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 694 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Iran
ISBN : UCR:31210006412520

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Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution by Mohammad Amjad Pdf

Author : Haleh Esfandiari
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1997-07
Category : History
ISBN : 0801856191

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Reconstructed Lives by Haleh Esfandiari Pdf

Iranian women tell in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. The Islamic revolution of 1979 transformed all areas of Iranian life. For women, the consequences were extensive and profound, as the state set out to reverse legal and social rights women had won and to dictate many aspects of women's lives, including what they could study and how they must dress and relate to men. Reconstructed Lives presents Iranian women telling in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. Through a series of interviews with professional and working women in Iran—doctors, lawyers, writers, professors, secretaries, businesswomen—Haleh Esfandiari gathers dramatic accounts of what has happened to their lives as women in an Islamic society. She and her informants describe the strategies by which women try to and sometimes succeed in subverting the state's agenda. Esfandiari also provides historical background on the women's movement in Iran. She finds evidence in Iran's experience that even women from "traditional" and working classes do not easily surrender rights or access they have gained to education, career opportunities, and a public role.

Author : Mehran Kamrava
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781315404523

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Revolution in Iran by Mehran Kamrava Pdf

Observers of Iran have often ascribed the main cause of the revolution to economic problems under the Shah’s regime. This book, first published in 1990, on the other hand focuses on the political and social factors which contributed of the Pahlavi dynasty. Mehran Kamrava looks at the revolution in detail as a political phenomenon, making use of extensive interviews with former revolutionary leaders, cabinet ministers and diplomats to show the central role of the political collapse of the regime in bringing about the revolution. He concentrates on the internal and the international developments leading to this collapse, and the social environment in which the revolution’s leaders emerged.

Author : John Foran
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429722868

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Fragile Resistance by John Foran Pdf

This book analyzes the processes of social transformation in Iran from the height of the country's power in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries under the Safavid dynasty to the aftermath of the startling revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy in 1979.

Author : Stephanie Cronin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107190849

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Social Histories of Iran by Stephanie Cronin Pdf

A social history of modern Iran 'from below' focused on subaltern groups and contextualised by developments within Middle Eastern and global history.

Author : Hassan Bashir,Seyed Ghahreman Safavi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Iran
ISBN : STANFORD:36105023573236

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The Roots of the Islamic Revolution in Iran by Hassan Bashir,Seyed Ghahreman Safavi Pdf

Author : John Foran
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0816624879

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A Century of Revolution by John Foran Pdf

This volume offers a much needed look into the historical, social, and political developments leading up to the Iranian revolution. Bringing together a group of scholars, historians, and social scientists, most of them Iranian in origin, the book documents an extraordinary revolutionary heritage that predates this century.

Author : Michael Axworthy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 535 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190468965

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Revolutionary Iran by Michael Axworthy Pdf

In Revolutionary Iran, Michael Axworthy guides us through recent Iranian history from shortly before the 1979 Islamic revolution through the summer of 2009, when Iranians poured into the streets of Tehran by the hundreds of thousands, demanding free, democratic government. Axworthy explains how that outpouring of support for an end to tyranny in Iran paused and then moved on to other areas in the region like Egypt and Libya, leaving Iran's leadership unchanged. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 was a defining moment of the modern era. Its success unleashed a wave of Islamist fervor across the Middle East and signaled a sharp decline in the appeal of Western ideologies in the Islamic world. Axworthy takes readers through the major periods in Iranian history over the last thirty years: the overthrow of the old regime and the creation of the new one; the Iran-Iraq war; the reconstruction era following the war; the reformist wave led by Mohammed Khatami; and the present day, in which reactionaries have re-established control. Throughout, he emphasizes that the Iranian revolution was centrally important in modern history because it provided the world with a clear model of development that was not rooted in Western ideologies. Whereas the world's major revolutions of the previous two centuries had been fuelled by Western, secular ideologies, the Iranian Revolution drew its inspiration from Islam. Revolutionary Iran is both richly textured and from one of the leading authorities on the region; combining an expansive scope with the most accessible and definitive account of this epoch in all its humanity.

Author : Suzanne Maloney
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815737940

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The Iranian Revolution at Forty by Suzanne Maloney Pdf

How Iran—and the world around it—have changed in the four decades since a revolutionary theocracy took power Iran's 1979 revolution is one of the most important events of the late twentieth century. The overthrow of the Western-leaning Shah and the emergence of a unique religious government reshaped Iran, dramatically shifted the balance of power in the Middle East and generated serious challenges to the global geopolitical order—challenges that continue to this day. The seizure of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran later that same year and the ensuing hostage crisis resulted in an acrimonious breach between America and Iran that remains unresolved to this day. The revolution also precipitated a calamitous war between Iran and Iraq and an expansion of the U.S. military's role in maintaining security in and around the Persian Gulf. Forty years after the revolution, more than two dozen experts look back on the rise of the Islamic Republic and explore what the startling events of 1979 continue to mean for the volatile Middle East as well as the rest of the world. The authors explore the events of the revolution itself; whether its promises have been kept or broken; the impact of clerical rule on ordinary Iranians, especially women; the continuing antagonism with the United States; and the repercussions not only for Iran's immediate neighborhood but also for the broader Middle East. Complete with a helpful timeline and suggestions for further reading, this book helps put the Iranian revolution in historical and geopolitical perspective, both for experts who have long studied the Middle East and for curious readers interested in fallout from the intense turmoil of four decades ago.

Author : Jahangir Amuzegar
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1991-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 0791407314

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Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution by Jahangir Amuzegar Pdf

Going back to the turn of the century, this book offers a cogent analysis and an objective assessment of the origins and dimensions of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. It reassesses the narrowly focused post-revolution explanations, as it traces the fate of the Pahlavi dynasty to deep-rooted and structural weaknesses and contradictions in Iranian society, economy, and politics. This critical examination leaves the reader with a deeper understanding of Iran's modern history and an appreciation for the interplay of forces currently at work within the Islamic Republic. It also provides persuasive commentary on the inherent plight of other Third World countries plagued with similar legacies and pre-revolutionary conditions.

Author : Ali Gheissari,Vali Nasr
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2006-06-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0198040873

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Democracy in Iran by Ali Gheissari,Vali Nasr Pdf

Today Iran is once again in the headlines. Reputed to be developing nuclear weapons, the future of Iraq's next-door neighbor is a matter of grave concern both for the stability of the region and for the safety of the global community. President George W. Bush labeled it part of the "Axis of Evil," and rails against the country's authoritarian leadership. Yet as Bush trumpets the spread of democracy throughout the Middle East, few note that Iran has one of the longest-running experiences with democracy in the region. In this book, Ali Gheissari and Vali Nasr look at the political history of Iran in the modern era, and offer an in-depth analysis of the prospects for democracy to flourish there. After having produced the only successful Islamist challenge to the state, a revolution, and an Islamic Republic, Iran is now poised to produce a genuine and indigenous democratic movement in the Muslim world. Democracy in Iran is neither a sudden development nor a western import, Gheissari and Nasr argue. The concept of democracy in Iran today may appear to be a reaction to authoritarianism, but it is an old idea with a complex history, one that is tightly interwoven with the main forces that have shaped Iranian society and politics, institutions, identities, and interests. Indeed, the demand for democracy first surfaced in Iran a century ago at the end of the Qajar period, and helped produce Iran's surprisingly liberal first constitution in 1906. Gheissari and Nasr seek to understand why democracy failed to grow roots and lost ground to an autocratic Iranian state. Why was democracy absent from the ideological debates of the 1960s and 1970s? Most important, why has it now become a powerful social, political, and intellectual force? How have modernization, social change, economic growth, and the experience of the revolution converged to make this possible?

Author : Hamid Algar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114368736

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Roots of the Islamic Revolution in Iran by Hamid Algar Pdf

Author : Robert E. Looney
Publisher : New York : Pergamon Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105037413247

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Economic Origins of the Iranian Revolution by Robert E. Looney Pdf

Study of the impact of ill-conceived economic policies on the 1979 revolution in Iran, Islamic Republic - discusses theoretical issues, economic development trends since 1949, development planning objectives modernization and import substitution-based industrialization, land reforms, inappropriate choice of technology and technological change; economic disparities; issues relating to increased petroleum revenue, increasing public expenditure, irrational agricultural policies, commercial policies, price policies and counter-inflationary monetary policies, etc. Bibliography.

Author : Kevan Harris
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520280816

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A Social Revolution by Kevan Harris Pdf

For decades, political observers and pundits have characterized the Islamic Republic of Iran as an ideologically rigid state on the verge of collapse, exclusively connected to a narrow social base. In A Social Revolution, Kevan Harris convincingly demonstrates how they are wrong. Previous studies ignore the forceful consequences of three decades of social change following the 1979 revolution. Today, more people in the country are connected to welfare and social policy institutions than to any other form of state organization. In fact, much of Iran’s current political turbulence is the result of the success of these social welfare programs, which have created newly educated and mobilized social classes advocating for change. Based on extensive fieldwork conducted in Iran between 2006 and 2011, Harris shows how the revolutionary regime endured though the expansion of health, education, and aid programs that have both embedded the state in everyday life and empowered its challengers. This first serious book on the social policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran opens a new line of inquiry into the study of welfare states in countries where they are often overlooked or ignored.