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Soil-fertilizer-plant Research, 1975-1978 by Anonim Pdf
This report summarizes findings in the agronomic area of fertilizer research from July 1, 1975, through September 30, 1978. Similar 3-year reports were issued in 1957 and at 3-year intervals thereafter.
Potential whistle-blower bewares. Whistling blowing act might lead to career suicide. So think carefully before you plunge into action, because ultimately the price you have to pay is your dismissal. Government agency apparently is rarely prepared to admit mistakes or attend to the views expressed by their workers. In fact, more often than not, they would rather deny the charges from workers and continue to not respond to it or even lie about it. Government agency often issues its policy statement encouraging its employees to freely express their view without fear of recrimination or retributions. But be careful before you take the bait, which I did. Employees should know that there is also an unwritten policy, which is to harass or retaliate against people critical of or who disagree with any action taken by the agency. These people are labeled troublemakers and will eventually be terminated. Remember government rarely practices what it preaches, period. Government will often spend an enormous amount of time and resources to orchestrate the removal of the so-called whistle blowers, a.k.a. troublemakers. These whistle blowers are often persecuted for the only crime they committed which is to tell the truth, and would ultimately be dismissed from their jobs. My advice to the would-be whistle blower is this: do not blow the whistle unless you are prepared to lose everything. It is better to remain silence than to speak out to lose your job.
Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen from Plant-Soil Systems by J.R. Freney,J.R. Simpson Pdf
A growing interest has been shown recently in the dymanics of nitrogen in agricultural and natural ecosystems. This has been caused by increasing demands for food and fibre by a rapidly expanding world population, and by a growing concern that increased land clearing, cultivation and use of both fertilizer and biologically fixed nitrogen can have detrimental effects on the environment. These include effects on water quality, eutrophication of surface waters and changes in atmospheric composition all caused by increased cycling of nitrogenous compounds. The input and availability of nitrogen frequently affects the productivity of farming systems more than any other single management factor, but often the nitrogen is used inefficiently. Much of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to the soil is not utilised by the crop: it is lost either in solution form, by leaching of nitrate, or in gaseous forms as ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide or dinitrogen. The leached nitrate can contaminate rivers and ground waters, while the emitted ammonia can contaminate surface waters or combine with atmospheric sulfur dioxide to form aerosols which affect visibility, health and climate. There is also concern that increased evolution of nitrous oxide will deplete the protective ozone layer of the stratosphere. The possibility of a link between the intensity of agricultural use of nitrogen, nitrous oxide emissions and amounts of stratospheric ozone has focussed attention on these interactions.
Nitrogen Economy of Flooded Rice Soils by S.K. de Datta,W.H. Patrick Pdf
The steadily increasing cost of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in more emphasis on basic and applied studies to improve nitrogen use efficiency in lowland rice. The efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in farmers' fields is shockingly low ~ a luxury resource-scarce farmers in tropical Asia can ill afford. We believe it is critical to quantify the basic transformation processes and develop management practices for higher N use efficiency for two reasons. They are: 1. Nitrogen fertilizer together with water management is a key factor for achieving the yield potentials of modern rices. 2. Fertilizer nitrogen prices are high and most Asian rice farmers are poor. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines; Internation al Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), USA; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia; U.S. Universities (Louisiana, Cornell, California, Arkansas and others); and Dr Justus Leibig University in West Germany are actively engaged in individual or collaborative research that addresses basic transformation processes on N gains and losses and management practices to maximize N use efficiency in rice. It is appropriate to update and summarize, in a double issue of Fertilizer Research, the 10 papers presented at the special symposium organized by the American Society of Agronomy (ASA) at the 75th Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. in 1983. S.K. De Datta, Head of Agronomy Department, IRRI, was chairman of the International Agronomy Division of ASA (A-6) in 1982 and 1983.
Fertilizer sulfur and food production by Mohinder Mudahar Pdf
Fertilizer is a vital component of strategies for expanding foodproduction. The rapid growth in population and the widening food deficits inmany tropical countries ofAsia, Africa, and Latin America call attention to those aspects of fertilization that have been neglected but are expected to yield large economic payoffs in the future. Fertilizer sulfur falls into this category. In the past fertilizer sulfur received little attention from researchers and policymakers since sulfur deficiency was not considered a serious problem. It was not a problem because of low crop yields, extensive cropping, and the incidental supply of sulfur through rain, irrigation water, manures, and sulfurcontaining fertilizers. However, the situation has changed in the last three decades. Moder nagriculture based on high crop yields, intensive cropping, improved crop varieties, and greater use of sulfur-free fertilizers and environmental regula tions restricting sulfur emissions are creating large gaps between sulfur sup ply and sulfur requirements. Sulfur deficiencies are widespread and grow ing. Consequently, the full potential of a modern agricultural system in tropical countries is not being realized. This research effort results from the recognition of the seriousness of the sulfur problem and its adverse impact on food production as well as IFDC's dedication to the development and transfer of economically ef ficient fertilizer technology to tropical countries. This study represents a comprehensive analysis ofthe technical and economic linkages between fer tilizer sulfur and food production, and it provides guidelines for future directions in fertilizer sulfur research and public policy.
Management of Gypsiferous Soils by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Soil Resources, Management, and Conservation Service Pdf
Gypsiferous soils in the world; Characteristics of gypsiferous soils; Fertility of gypsiferous soils; Effect gypsum and calcium carbonate on plants; improvement of productivity of gypsiferous soils; Laboratory methods for analysing gypsifeous soils.