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Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems by Andreas Schulte,Daddy Ruhiyat Pdf
An understanding of the characteristics and the ecology of soils, particularly those of forest ecosystems in the humid tropics, is central to the development of sustainable forest management systems. The present book examines the contribution that forest soil science and forest ecology can make to sustainable land use in the humid tropics. Four main issues are addressed: characteristics and classification of forest soils, chemical and hydrological changes after forest utilization, soil fertility management in forest plantations and agroforestry systems as well as ecosystem studies from the dipterocarp forest region of Southeast Asia. Additionally, case studies include work from Guyana, Costa Rica, the Philippines, Malaysia, Australia and Nigeria.
Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Forest Ecosystems by Carl F. Jordan Pdf
Brings together much of the recent literature on nutrient cycling due to conversion of forests to croplands, pastures, and plantation forests. It explains why nutrients are often very critical in tropical humid ecosystems and discusses principles that can guide land managers to conserve nutrients and sustain productivity.
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Tropical Forest Ecosystems by Adam Markham Pdf
Climate change represents one of the most alarming long-term threats to ecosystems the world over. This new collection of papers provides, for the first time, an overview of the potentially serious impact that climate change may have on tropical forests. The authors, a multi-disciplinary group of leading experts in climatology, forestry, ecology and conservation biology, present a state-of-knowledge snapshot of how tropical forests are likely to react to the changes being wrought on our planet's atmosphere and climate. Tropical forests represent extraordinary harbours for biological diversity, and yet as deforestation and degradation continue apace, they are under greater pressure from human impacts than ever before. Climate change adds yet another threat to these valuable ecosystems, and this volume demonstrates just how significant a problem this may really be. The authors identify certain types of forest, including tropical montane cloud forest that may be particularly vulnerable. They also show the strong likelihood of global warming aggravating problems in already fragmented forest areas.
Ecology and Management of Forest Soils by Dan Binkley,Richard F. Fisher Pdf
Forest soils are the foundation of the entire forest ecosystem and complex, long-term interactions between trees, soil animals, and the microbial community shape soils in was that are very distinct from agricultural soils. The composition, structure, and processes in forest soils at any given time reflect current conditions, as well as the legacies of decades (and even millennia) of interactions that shape each forest soil. Reciprocal interactions are fundamental; vegetation alters soil physical properties, which influence soil biology and chemistry, which in turn influence the growth and success of plants. These dynamic systems may be strongly influenced by intentional and unintentional management, ranging from fire to fertilization. Sustaining the long-term fertility of forest soils depends on insights about a diverse array of soil features and changes over space and time. Since the third edition of this successful book many new interests in forest soils and their management have arisen, including the role of forest soils in sequestering carbon, and how management influences rates of carbon accumulation. This edition also expands the consideration of how soils are sampled and characterized, and how tree species differ in their influence on soil development. Clearly structured throughout, the book opens with the origins of forest soil science and ends with the application of soil science principles to land management. This new edition provides: A completely revised and updated Fourth Edition of this classic textbook in the field A coherent overview of the major issues surrounding the ecology and management of forest soils Global in scope with coverage of soil types ranging from the tropical rainforest soils of Latin America to the boreal forest soils of Siberia New chapters on Management: Carbon sequestration; Evidence-based approaches and applications of geostatistics, GIS and taxonomies A clear overview of each topic, informative examples/case studies, and an overall context for helping readers think clearly about forest soils An introduction to the literature of forest soil science and to the philosophy of forest soil science research This coherent overview of the major issues surrounding the ecology and management of forest soils will be particularly useful to students taking courses in soil science, forestry, agronomy, ecology, natural resource management, environmental management and conservation, as well as professionals in forestry dealing with the productivity of forests and functioning of watersheds.
Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystems by H. Lieth,M.J.A. Werger Pdf
After publication of the first volume of the Tropical Rain Forest, the International Journal of Mycology and Lichenology commented ``This is a welcome addition to the literature on the ecology of tropical rain forests. The book provides a wealth of data and stimulating discussions and is of great interest to ecologists interested in tropical areas.'' Whereas the first volume dealt with system-ecological aspects such as community organization and processes, the present volume concentrates on biogeographical aspects such as species composition, diversity, and geographical variation. Recent ecological research in the tropical rain forest has greatly extended our understanding of biogeographical patterns of variation in the various groups of organisms, and has revealed many of the ecological and evolutionary forces that led to the present patterns of variation. Many important systems of co-evolution between the tropical rain forest ecosystems have also come to light, and the loss of species and related damage is better understood in quantitative terms. This volume presents a comprehensive review of these and other features of the rain forest ecosystem structure, and the ecological processes operating that system. General chapters on abiotic and biotic factors are followed by specific chapters on all major groups of organisms. Prospects for the future are discussed and research needs clearly stated. Also the human exploitation of the system, its effects and its limits are discussed. The book is extensively illustrated by photographs, graphs, and tables, and comprehensive bibliographies follow each chapter. Author, systematic and subject indices complete the book. It is a must for all ecologists, agriculturists, foresters, agronomists, hydrologists, soil scientists, entomologists, human ecologists, nature conservationists, and planners dealing with tropical areas. Biologists and environmentalists will also find the volume of great interest.
Tropical Forest Ecosystem Responses to Increasing Nutrient Availability by Jürgen Homeier,Selene Báez,Dietrich Hertel,Christoph Leuschner Pdf
Deforestation and land use change have led to a strong reduction of tropical forest cover during the last decades. Climate change will amplify the pressure to the remaining refuges in the next years. In addition, tropical regions are facing increasing atmospheric inputs of nutrients, which will have unknown consequences for the structure and functioning of these systems, no matter if they are within protected areas or not. Even remote areas are expected to receive rising amounts of nutrients. The effects of higher rates of atmospheric nutrient deposition on the biological diversity and ecosystem functioning of tropical ecosystems are poorly understood and our knowledge of nutrient fluxes and nutrient limitation in tropical forest ecosystems is still limited. Yet, it will be of paramount importance to know the effects of increased nutrient availability to conserve these ecosystems with their biological and functional diversity. During the last years, research efforts have more and more focused on the understanding of the role of nutrients in tropical ecosystems and several coordinated projects have been established that study the effects of experimental nutrient addition. This Research Topic combines results from experiments and from observational studies with the aim to review and conclude on our current knowledge on the role of additional nutrients in ecosystems.
Forest soil characteristics are not only unique but their interpretation also differs from cropland soils. Just as there are diverse forest types, there are many soil variants that need different management. Today, forest plantations are being intensively managed for profitable timber, pulpwood and energy production. Site selection, species selection, site productivity evaluation, silvicultural treatments, and soil amendments need crucial soil information. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, chemical and biological properties of forest soils and their implications on forest vegetation. Topics discussed include: major forest types of the world and their associated soils; forest biomass and nutrient dynamics; organic matter turnover and nutrient recycling; forest soil disturbance; forest soil and climate change; and forest soil management and silvicultural treatments.
Mineral Nutrients in Tropical Forest and Savanna Ecosystems by J. Proctor Pdf
Tropical forest nutrients, where do we stands? A tour de horizon; Soil characteristics and classification in relation to the mineral nutrition of tropical wooded ecosystems; podelogical processes and nutrientsupplical soils; Variations in soil nutrients in relation to soil moisture ststus in a tropical forested ecosystem; Nitrification and humid tropical ecosystems: potential controls on nitrogen retention; The effect of humus acids and soil heating on the availability of phosphate in oxide-rich tropical soils; Factores affecting nutrient cycling in trpical soils; Mineral nutrients in some betwana savanna types; root symbioses of trees in savannas; Mineral nutrient dynamics during savanna-forest tranformation in central america; Mineral nutrients in tropical dry deciduous forest and savanna ecosystems in india; Mycorrhizas in tropical forest; Chemical relationships between vegetation, soil and water in contrasting inundation areas of amazonia; Are process rates higher in tropical forest ecosystems? Patterns of nutrient accumulation and release in amazonian forests the upper rio negro basin; Soil nutrients and plant secondary compouds; Chemical elements in forests on volcan barva, costa rica; A biossay study of soils in the blue mountains of jamaica; Nutrient effects of modification of shifting cultivare in west Africa; Role of weeds in nutrient cycling in the cropping phase of milpa agriculture in belize, central america; Mineralization of nutrients after forest clearance and their upteke during cropping; Nutrient dynamics in forest fallows in southe-east Asia; Nutriernt cycling in forest falows in nort-easteern India; The use mathematical models in the development of shifting cultivation systems; Nutritional constraintsin secondary vegetation and upland rice in south-west ivory coast; Nutryent cycling in moist tropical forests: the hydrological; fremework; The role of mineral nutrients in the tropics: a plant ecologist's view; Mineral nutrients in tropical ecosystems: a soil scientist's view.
Forest Ecosystems by Juan A. Blanco,Yueh-Hsin Lo Pdf
The common idea for many people is that forests are just a collection of trees. However, they are much more than that. They are a complex, functional system of interacting and often interdependent biological, physical, and chemical components, the biological part of which has evolved to perpetuate itself. This complexity produces combinations of climate, soils, trees and plant species unique to each site, resulting in hundreds of different forest types around the world. Logically, trees are an important component for the research in forest ecosystems, but the wide variety of other life forms and abiotic components in most forests means that other elements, such as wildlife or soil nutrients, should also be the focal point in ecological studies and management plans to be carried out in forest ecosystems. In this book, the readers can find the latest research related to forest ecosystems but with a different twist. The research described here is not just on trees and is focused on the other components, structures and functions that are usually overshadowed by the focus on trees, but are equally important to maintain the diversity, function and services provided by forests. The first section of this book explores the structure and biodiversity of forest ecosystems, whereas the second section reviews the research done on ecosystem structure and functioning. The third and last section explores the issues related to forest management as an ecosystem-level activity, all of them from the perspective of the "other" parts of a forest.
Properties and Management of Forest Soils by William L. Pritchett,Richard F. Fisher Pdf
Balanced coverage of the principles of soil science and their application to management of forest soils. Topics range from classification systems and biological, physical, and chemical properties of soils, to silviculture and current methods of tree nutrition and fertilization. This edition is updated to include new information on long-term productivity, soil management in different forest types, plus new chapters on tropical forest soils and predicting response to cultural practices.
Forest Ecosystems by David A. Perry,Ram Oren,Stephen C. Hart Pdf
2009 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice This acclaimed textbook is the most comprehensive available in the field of forest ecology. Designed for advanced students of forest science, ecology, and environmental studies, it is also an essential reference for forest ecologists, foresters, and land managers. The authors provide an inclusive survey of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests with an emphasis on ecological concepts across scales that range from global to landscape to microscopic. Situating forests in the context of larger landscapes, they reveal the complex patterns and processes observed in tree-dominated habitats. The updated and expanded second edition covers • Conservation • Ecosystem services • Climate change • Vegetation classification • Disturbance • Species interactions • Self-thinning • Genetics • Soil influences • Productivity • Biogeochemical cycling • Mineralization • Effects of herbivory • Ecosystem stability
Restoration of Tropical Forest Ecosystems by Helmut Lieth,M. Lohmann Pdf
The destruction of the tropical forests proceeds Nobody at the symposium believed that the rapidly. We all know that this has global ecologi tropical forest area would remain untouched. cal and economical consequences. The problem The population explosion takes care of that argu is of such magnitude that it can only be com ment. The two main problem areas before us are pared to warfare. The destruction of tropical first the wise utilization of that portion of the forests is not only detrimental to the global forest which will be used - especially the intro ecology but also poses a serious threat to the duction of planned forestry in such areas, and people living in this area. Furthermore the over second, the development of a good plan for utilization of such a valuable resource poses a nature conservation in the tropics. serious threat to the next generations. The papers presented at the symposium will Apart from the problem generated for the most certainly not solve all the problems but we people in those regions and on earth in general hope they contribute to the very much needed, there is a moral obligation to preserve the vast continued discussion of possible solutions which biological diversity in the tropical forests. We must be implemented in the near future.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Processes in Tropical Forests by Gordon H. Orians,Rodolfo Dirzo,J. Hall Cushman Pdf
Although biologists have directed much attention to estimating the extent and causes of species losses, the consequences for ecosystem functioning have been little studied. This book examines the impact of biodiversity on ecosystem processes in tropical forests - one of the most species-rich and at the same time most endangered ecosystems on earth. It covers the relationships between biodiversity and primary production, secondary production, biogeochemical cycles, soil processes, plant life forms, responses to disturbance, and resistance to invasion. The analyses focus on the key ecological interfaces where the loss of keystone species is most likely to influence the rate and stability of ecosystem processes.
"Fresh, exciting, and more comprehensive than many other texts. Perry introduces a whole new view of forest ecosystems. This will challenge, stimulate, and redefine current understanding and management." -- Michael Amaranthus, U.S. Forest Service