Solar Flare 4

Author : B.V. Somov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1991-12-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 0792312619

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Physical Processes in Solar Flares by B.V. Somov Pdf

Solar flares are very complex electromagnetic phenomena of a cataclysmic nature. Particles are accelerated to very high velocities and a variety of physical processes happen inside and outside flares. These processes can be studied by a large number of techniques from Earth and from space. The aim is to discover the physics behind solar flares. This goal is complicated because information about the flare mechanism can be obtained only in an indirect way by studying the secondary effects. This book provides three stages in the solution of the solar flare problem. Chapter one describes the connection between observational data and theoretical concepts, where it is stressed that next to investigating flares, the related non-stationary large-scale phenomena must be studied as well. The second chapter deals with secondary physical processes, in particular the study of high-temperature plasma dynamics during impulsive heating. The last chapter presents a model built on the knowledge of the two previous chapters and it constructs a theory of non-neutral turbulent current sheets. The author believes that this model will help to solve the problem of solar flares. For solar physicists, plasma physicists, high-energy particle physicists.

Author : Guangli Huang,Victor F. Melnikov,Haisheng Ji,Zongjun Ning
Publisher : Springer
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811028694

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Solar Flare Loops: Observations and Interpretations by Guangli Huang,Victor F. Melnikov,Haisheng Ji,Zongjun Ning Pdf

This book provides results of analysis of typical solar events, statistical analysis, the diagnostics of energetic electrons and magnetic field, as well as the global behavior of solar flaring loops such as their contraction and expansion. It pays particular attention to analyzing solar flare loops with microwave, hard X-ray, optical and EUV emissions, as well as the theories of their radiation, and electron acceleration/transport. The results concerning influence of the pitch-angle anisotropy of non-thermal electrons on their microwave and hard X-ray emissions, new spectral behaviors in X-ray and microwave bands, and results related to the contraction of flaring loops, are widely discussed in the literature of solar physics. The book is useful for graduate students and researchers in solar and space physics.

Author : James Haick III
Publisher : James Haick
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781427696588

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Solar Flare #4 by James Haick III Pdf

After being rescued, a major revelation is revealed about someone close to Jake. Jake begins planning to begin his journey in search for his daughter who is 3 states away.

Author : Oddbjørn Engvold,Jean-Claude Vial,Andrew Skumanich
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128143353

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The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics by Oddbjørn Engvold,Jean-Claude Vial,Andrew Skumanich Pdf

The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics illustrates the significance of the Sun in understanding stars through an examination of the discoveries and insights gained from solar physics research. Ranging from theories to modeling and from numerical simulations to instrumentation and data processing, the book provides an overview of what we currently understand and how the Sun can be a model for gaining further knowledge about stellar physics. Providing both updates on recent developments in solar physics and applications to stellar physics, this book strengthens the solar–stellar connection and summarizes what we know about the Sun for the stellar, space, and geophysics communities. Applies observations, theoretical understanding, modeling capabilities and physical processes first revealed by the sun to the study of stellar physics Illustrates how studies of Proxima Solaris have led to progress in space science, stellar physics and related fields Uses characteristics of solar phenomena as a guide for understanding the physics of stars

Author : Marc Remillard
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2011-10-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1466421398

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Solar Flare Survival by Marc Remillard Pdf

Solar Flare SurvivalWe live only 8 light minutes from a massive, tumultuous, unpredictable star. The Sun provides us with the energy to sustain life on our planet, but that gift comes with a price. There has been more intense solar activity in the last 50 years than there has been in the past 11,000 years.As we approach the apexes of both the 11-year solar cycle and the longer Grand Solar Cycle, our Sun is continuing to produce increasingly destructive storms. A proton storm blasted from the Sun can travel as fast as 4 million miles per hour and have the energy of 100 billion atomic bombs. In the last 20 years we have witnessed solar storms powerful enough to destroy most of the electronics on our planet and impact human health. So far none of them have been pointed in our direction.We now know that the question is not if a major event will occur--But when?Solar Flare Survival first discusses what our scientists have learned so far about the Sun and how it affects our planet.Furthur chapters illustrate how the Sun can, and has in the past wreaked havoc on worldwide national power grids, spacecraft, and electronics.Key questions are discussed objectively drawing from some of the latest technology and current scientific studies.How do solar flares affect the human body?Can solar flares trigger earthquakes?Is a Faraday cage that has been designed to withstand a geomagnetic storm adequate for an EMP attack as well?Faraday cage theory, design and construction for the common man.Where to get current alerts and information about extreme space weather, and how to understand them.

Author : P.K.F. Grieder
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1117 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2001-07-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080530055

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Cosmic Rays at Earth by P.K.F. Grieder Pdf

In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.

Author : S. Matsushita,Wallace H. Campbell
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 644 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483222516

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Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena by S. Matsushita,Wallace H. Campbell Pdf

Physics of Geomagnetic phenomena, Volume I covers the significant advances in geomagnetism and the penetrations into the generation of geomagnetic field phenomena. This volume is composed of three chapters. Chapter I deals briefly with the discovery and developments in geomagnetism, followed by discussions on some fundamental topics of the field, including the aurora and geomagnetic storms. This chapter also considers the instruments, geomagnetic stations, and the correlations between geomagnetic indices. Chapter II describes the magnetic properties of minerals and various processes of acquisition of remanent magnetization. This chapter also provides palaeomagnetic data for the direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field in ancient times. Chapter III explores geomagnetic variations caused by solar flares and eclipses. This book will prove useful to physicists, students in upper atmospheric and space topics, and scientists in allied fields with a background in geomagnetism.

Author : Natalia Buzulukova
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 798 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128127018

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Extreme Events in Geospace by Natalia Buzulukova Pdf

Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences helps deepen the understanding, description, and forecasting of the complex and inter-related phenomena of extreme space weather events. Composed of chapters written by representatives from many different institutions and fields of space research, the book offers discussions ranging from definitions and historical knowledge to operational issues and methods of analysis. Given that extremes in ionizing radiation, ionospheric irregularities, and geomagnetically induced currents may have the potential to disrupt our technologies or pose danger to human health, it is increasingly important to synthesize the information available on not only those consequences but also the origins and predictability of such events. Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences is a valuable source for providing the latest research for geophysicists and space weather scientists, as well as industries impacted by space weather events, including GNSS satellites and radio communication, power grids, aviation, and human spaceflight. The list of first/second authors includes M. Hapgood, N. Gopalswamy, K.D. Leka, G. Barnes, Yu. Yermolaev, P. Riley, S. Sharma, G. Lakhina, B. Tsurutani, C. Ngwira, A. Pulkkinen, J. Love, P. Bedrosian, N. Buzulukova, M. Sitnov, W. Denig, M. Panasyuk, R. Hajra, D. Ferguson, S. Lai, L. Narici, K. Tobiska, G. Gapirov, A. Mannucci, T. Fuller-Rowell, X. Yue, G. Crowley, R. Redmon, V. Airapetian, D. Boteler, M. MacAlester, S. Worman, D. Neudegg, and M. Ishii. Helps to define extremes in space weather and describes existing methods of analysis Discusses current scientific understanding of these events and outlines future challenges Considers the ways in which space weather may affect daily life Demonstrates deep connections between astrophysics, heliophysics, and space weather applications, including a discussion of extreme space weather events from the past Examines national and space policy issues concerning space weather in Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Author : Stanford University. Institute for Plasma Research,P. A. Sturrock
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:123342666

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Solar Flares by Stanford University. Institute for Plasma Research,P. A. Sturrock Pdf

Author : Yuhong Fan,George Fisher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461437611

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Solar Flare Magnetic Fields and Plasmas by Yuhong Fan,George Fisher Pdf

This volume is devoted to the dynamics and diagnostics of solar magnetic fields and plasmas in the Sun’s atmosphere. Five broad areas of current research in Solar Physics are presented: (1) New techniques for incorporating radiation transfer effects into three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models of the solar interior and atmosphere, (2) The connection between observed radiation processes occurring during flares and the underlying flare energy release and transport mechanisms, (3) The global balance of forces and momenta that occur during flares, (4) The data-analysis and theoretical tools needed to understand and assimilate vector magnetogram observations and (5) Connecting flare and CME phenomena to the topological properties of the magnetic field in the Solar Atmosphere. The role of the Sun’s magnetic field is a major emphasis of this book, which was inspired by a workshop honoring Richard C. (Dick) Canfield. Dick has been making profound contributions to these areas of research over a long and productive scientific career. Many of the articles in this topical issue were first presented as talks during this workshop and represent substantial original work. The workshop was held 9 – 11 August 2010, at the Center Green campus of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. This volume is aimed at researchers and graduate students active in solar physics, solar-terrestrial physics and magneto-hydrodynamics. Previously published in Solar Physics journal, Vol. 277/1, 2012.

Author : Richard C. Canfield
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Computer programs
ISBN : UOM:39015095131366

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A Simplified Method for Computing Radiative Energy Loss Due to Spectral Lines by Richard C. Canfield Pdf

The paper lists Fortran-IV programs that implement a simplified method for computing radiative loss rates due to spectral lines. As it is planned to apply these techniques to solar flare models, the programs are set up to take into account Lyman alpha, Balmer-alpha and H-, the principal contributors to radiative energy loss in solar flares.

Author : M. A. Shea
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Solar flares
ISBN : UOM:39015095135482

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Results Obtained During the Campaign for Integrated Observations of Solar Flares (CINOF) by M. A. Shea Pdf

The Campaign for Integrated Observations of Solar Flares (CINOF) was a period of extensive solar flare studies conducted 5-29 June 1972. Specific scientists were designated as CINOF coordinators to study selected events. This compilation contains seven reports: Five reports detailing solar phenomena associated with CINOF selected flares, one report detailing observations of a flare initiated shock wave propagating through the interplanetary medium, and one report on the solar particle and associated interplanetary measurements during this period.

Author : Whitley Strieber
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781101616338

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Solar Flares by Whitley Strieber Pdf

There is a force out there that could destroy our world in minutes. . . . Solar flares—brief bursts of radiation from our sun—have always existed and have never been particularly dangerous. Nature hasn’t changed. But we have. By making our world so dependent on electricity delivered by huge, unprotected power grids we have inadvertently placed humanity at terrible risk. As bestselling author Whitley Strieber explores in this urgent new work, a powerful solar flare could demolish our electrical delivery system, wiping away centuries of civilization in minutes and drastically changing our world. Such a scenario is altogether plausible—and it is the single most dangerous single thing that could happen to our civilization, more dangerous than the most massive earthquake or volcano, more dangerous than climate change, more dangerous even than nuclear war. What is worse, solar flares of a now-dangerous intensity are not all that uncommon; and not only that, our electrical and electronic infrastructure is becoming so extensive, and thus so fragile, that smaller and smaller solar flares can pose more and more serious hazards. Due to the astonishing unwillingness of power companies to cooperate, good programs that would make us safer, and that are supported by both political parties, have been routinely prevented from being enacted. In Solar Flares: What You Need to Know, Strieber reveals the dangers behind solar flares, tracks the disastrous damage they could cause, surveys what they would do to our world in the here-and-now, and explains what nations and individuals must do to prepare for them.

Author : Joseph N. Pelton,Firooz Allahdadi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015-04-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319039512

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Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary Defense by Joseph N. Pelton,Firooz Allahdadi Pdf

Covers in a comprehensive fashion all aspects of cosmic hazards and possible strategies for contending with these threats through a comprehensive planetary defense strategy. This handbook brings together in a single reference work a rich blend of information about the various types of cosmic threats that are posed to human civilization by asteroids, comets, bolides, meteors, solar flares and coronal mass ejections, cosmic radiation and other types of threats that are only recently beginning to be understood and studied, such as investigation of the “cracks” in the protective shield provided by the Van Allen belts and the geomagnetosphere, of matter-antimatter collisions, orbital debris and radiological or biological contamination. Some areas that are addressed involve areas about which there is a good deal of information that has been collected for many decades by multiple space missions run by many different space agencies, observatories and scientific researchers. Other areas involving research and studies that have only recently gotten underway are discussed by some of the world’s foremost experts in each of these areas, who provide up-to-date and scientifically verifiable information. Although much of the work in these various areas have been conducted by space agencies, an expanding range of work is also being carried out by observatories, by universities and other research centers, and even by private foundations and professional organizations. The purpose of this work is thus several-fold: to include the latest information and most systematic research from around the world in a single reference work; to note where there are significant gaps in knowledge where new research, spacecraft, observatories, or other initiatives are needed to fill in critical missing information; and to give the best possible information about preventative actions that might be taken against cosmic threats and identify various alternative strategies that are now under way or planned to cope with these various threats.

Author : Sten Odenwald
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2002-08-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780231505932

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The 23rd Cycle by Sten Odenwald Pdf

On March 13, 1989, the entire Quebec power grid collapsed, automatic garage doors in California suburbs began to open and close without apparent reason, and microchip production came to a halt in the Northeast; in space, communications satellites had to be manually repointed after flipping upside down, and pressure readings on hydrogen tank supplies on board the Space Shuttle Discovery peaked, causing NASA to consider aborting the mission. What was the cause of all these seemingly disparate events? Sten Odenwald gives convincing evidence of the mischievous—and potentially catastrophic—power of solar storms and the far-reaching effects of the coming "big one" brewing in the sun and estimated to culminate in the twenty-third cycle in the year 2001 and beyond. When the sun undergoes its cyclic "solar maximum," a time when fierce solar flares and storms erupt, fantastic auroras will be seen around the world. But the breathtaking spectacles will herald a potentially disastrous chain of events that merit greater preparation than Y2K. Is anyone listening? The 23rd Cycle traces the previously untold history of solar storms and the ways in which they were perceived by astronomers—and even occasionally covered up by satellite companies. Punctuated with an insert containing dramatic color images showing the erupting sun, the book also includes a history of the record of auroral sightings, accounts of communications blackouts from the twentieth century, a list of industries sensitive to solar storms, and information about radiation and health issues.