Solidification

Author : Martin Eden Glicksman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 517 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781441973443

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Principles of Solidification by Martin Eden Glicksman Pdf

“Principles of Solidification” offers comprehensive descriptions of liquid-to-solid transitions encountered in shaped casting, welding, and non-biological bulk crystal growth processes. The book logically develops through careful presentation of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic theories and models of solidification occurring in a variety of materials. Major topics encompass the liquid-state, liquid-solid transformations, chemical macro- and microsegregation, purification by fractional crystallization and zone refining, solid-liquid interfaces, polyphase freezing, and rapid solidification processing. Solid-liquid interfaces are discussed quantitatively both as sharp and diffuse entities, with supporting differential geometric descriptions. The book offers: • Detailed mathematical examples throughout to guide readers • Applications of solidification and crystal growth methodologies for preparation and purification of metals, ceramics, polymers and semiconductors • Appendices providing supporting information on special topics covered in the chapters. Readers in materials, metallurgical, chemical, and mechanical engineering will find this to be a useful source on the subjects of solidification and crystal growth. Chemists, physicists, and geologists concerned with melting/freezing phenomena will also find much of value in this book.

Author : Michel Rappaz,Jonathan A. Dantzig
Publisher : EPFL Press
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2009-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0849382386

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Solidification by Michel Rappaz,Jonathan A. Dantzig Pdf

Solidification is one of the oldest processes for producing useful implements and remains one of the most important modern commercial processes. This text describes the fundamentals of the technology in a coherent way, using consistent notation.

Author : Doru Michael Stefanescu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319156934

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Science and Engineering of Casting Solidification by Doru Michael Stefanescu Pdf

The 3rd edition of this popular textbook covers current topics in all areas of casting solidification. Partial differential equations and numerical analysis are used extensively throughout the text, with numerous calculation examples, to help the reader in achieving a working knowledge of computational solidification modeling. The features of this new edition include: • new chapters on semi-solid and metal matrix composites solidification • a significantly extended treatment of multiscale modeling of solidification and its applications to commercial alloys • a survey of new topics such as solidification of multicomponent alloys and molecular dynamic modeling • new theories, including a theory on oxide bi-films in the treatment of shrinkage problems • an in-depth treatment of the theoretical aspects of the solidification of the most important commercial alloys including steel, cast iron, aluminum-silicon eutectics, and superalloys • updated tables of material constants.

Author : Dieter M. Herlach,Douglas M. Matson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527647927

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Solidification of Containerless Undercooled Melts by Dieter M. Herlach,Douglas M. Matson Pdf

All metallic materials are prepared from the liquid state as their parent phase. Solidification is therefore one of the most important phase transformation in daily human life. Solidification is the transition from liquid to solid state of matter. The conditions under which material is transformed determines the physical and chemical properties of the as-solidified body. The processes involved, like nucleation and crystal growth, are governed by heat and mass transport. Convection and undercooling provide additional processing parameters to tune the solidification process and to control solid material performance from the very beginning of the production chain. To develop a predictive capability for efficient materials production the processes involved in solidification have to be understood in detail. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the solidification of metallic melts processed and undercooled in a containerless manner by drop tube, electromagnetic and electrostatic levitation, and experiments in reduced gravity. The experiments are accompanied by model calculations on the influence of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic conditions that control selection of nucleation mechanisms and modify crystal growth development throughout the solidification process.

Author : Zygmunt Lipnicki
Publisher : Springer
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-03-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319534329

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Dynamics of Liquid Solidification by Zygmunt Lipnicki Pdf

This monograph comprehensively describes phenomena of heat flow during phase change as well as the dynamics of liquid solidification, i.e. the development of a solidified layer. The book provides the reader with basic knowledge for practical designs, as well as with equations which describe processes of energy transformation. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and experts in the field of heat flow, but the book may also be beneficial for both practicing engineers and graduate students.

Author : Stephen H. Davis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2001-10-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 1139429639

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Theory of Solidification by Stephen H. Davis Pdf

The processes of freezing and melting were present at the beginnings of the Earth and continue to dominate the natural and industrial worlds. The solidification of a liquid or the melting of a solid involves a complex interplay of many physical effects. This 2001 book presents in a systematic way the field of continuum solidification theory based on instability phenomena. An understanding of the physics is developed by using examples of increasing complexity with the object of creating a deep physical insight applicable to more complex problems. Applied mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and materials scientists will all find this volume of interest.

Author : S.H. Davis,H.E. Huppert,U. Müller,M.G. Worster
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401128094

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Interactive Dynamics of Convection and Solidification by S.H. Davis,H.E. Huppert,U. Müller,M.G. Worster Pdf

The phase transformation from liquid to solid is a phenomenon central to a wide range of manufacturing and natural processes. The presence of phase transformation can drive convection in the melt through the liberation of latent heat, the rejection of solute, and the change of density upon freezing. The fluid mechanics itself can playa central role; the phase transformation can be strongly altered by convective transport in the liquid through the modification of the thermal and solutal environment of the solid-liquid interface; these local fields control the freezing characteristics at the interface. The convection can be generated naturally by buoyancy forces arising from gradients of temperature and concentration in the liquid, by density changes upon freezing, and by thermocapillary and solutocapillary forces on liquid-solid interfaces. The interactive coupling between solidification and convection forms the subject of this volume. Such coupled processes are significant on a large range of scales. Among the applications of interest are the manufacture of single crystals, the processing of surfaces using laser or molecular beams, and the processes of soldering and welding. One wants to understand and predict macrosegregation in castings, transport and fractionation in geological and geophysical systems, and heat accumulation in energy redistribution and storage systems. This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Interactive Dynamics of Convection and Solidification" held in Chamonix, France, March 8-13, 1992.

Author : Brian Cantor,K O'Reilly
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420033502

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Solidification and Casting: by Brian Cantor,K O'Reilly Pdf

Written by leading experts in their respective fields, Solidification and Casting provides a comprehensive review of topics fundamental to metallurgy and materials science as well as indicates recent trends. From an industrial perspective, the book begins with chapters on the casting techniques most commonly used in industry today. It then d

Author : T. Michael Gilliam
Publisher : ASTM International
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Hazardous wastes
ISBN : 9780803114432

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Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes by T. Michael Gilliam Pdf

Annotation Provides current information on the use of stabilization and solidification (S/S), as well as an international perspective on the role of S/S for treating waste residues. Thirty-nine papers by researchers working with S/S technologies from both the low-level radioactive and chemically hazardous waste communities are presented in sections on: regulatory and technical guidance; specialty wastes--organics, ashes, and resins; laboratory-scale leachability studies; laboratory-scale process development; test method development; and large-scale evaluation or demonstration. Member price, $62. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Author : Hasse Fredriksson,Ulla Åkerlind
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 837 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119993056

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Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys by Hasse Fredriksson,Ulla Åkerlind Pdf

Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys Hasse Fredriksson KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Ulla Åkerlind University of Stockholm, Sweden Solidification or crystallization occurs when atoms are transformed from the disordered liquid state to the more ordered solid state, and is fundamental to metals processing. Conceived as a companion volume to the earlier works, Materials Processing during Casting (2006) and Physics of Functional Materials (2008), this book analyzes solidification and crystallization processes in depth. Starting from the thermodynamic point of view, it gives a complete description, taking into account kinetics and mass transfer, down to the final structure. Importantly, the book shows the relationship between the theory and the experimental results. Topics covered include: Fundamentals of thermodynamics Properties of interfaces Nucleation Crystal growth - in vapours, liquids and melts Heat transport during solidification processes Solidification structures - faceted, dendritic, eutectic and peritectic Metallic glasses and amorphous alloy melts Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys features many solved examples in the text, and exercises (with answers) for students. Intended for Masters and PhD students as well as researchers in Materials Science, Engineering, Chemistry and Metallurgy, it is also a valuable resource for engineers in industry.

Author : Roger D. Spence,Caijun Shi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2004-12-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420032789

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Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes by Roger D. Spence,Caijun Shi Pdf

The development of stabilization and solidification techniques in the field of waste treatment reflects the efforts to better protect human health and the environment with modern advances in materials and technology. Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes provides comprehensive information including case studies, selection criteria, and regulatory considerations on waste characterization, contaminant transport and leachability, testing methods for stabilized waste forms, and the interactions between contaminants and stabilizing components. The book describes various systems based on cement technology that are used for stabilization and solidification of wastes. It demonstrates how to design a stabilized waste form, including the use of statistical techniques for generating response surface models for large, complicated applications. It provides guidelines for the selection of bonding materials, such as hydraulic cements, polymers, and hydroceramics, and discusses several additives and sorbents used to enhance immobilization, binder properties, and contaminant stabilization. The book portrays the transport mechanisms of contaminants in treated wastes and how to predict the transport of contaminants with various mathematical models. Following a discussion of waste types, principles, and properties of cemented waste forms, such as microstructure and durability, it outlines the test methods used to evaluate them. Fusing research, technology, and general practice principles taken from the firsthand experience of scientists, engineers, regulators, and teachers, Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes can be used in advanced environmental engineering courses and as a reference for stabilization and solidification engineers, technology vendors and buyers, laboratory technicians, scientists, environmentalists, policymakers, and managers in treatment storage and disposal facilities.

Author : T.J. Smith
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789400936171

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Modelling the Flow and Solidification of Metals by T.J. Smith Pdf

The origin of this book can be traced to a Workshop held at the University of Cambridge in December 1985 under the auspices of the Wolfson Group for Studies of Fluid Flow and Mixing in Industrial Processes. This Group was es tablished at the University of Cambridge in January 1983 and includes mem bers from the Departments of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Engineering and Chemical Engineering. As its name suggests, the objective of the Group is to undertake, co"ordinate and stimulate research in various aspects of fluid flow and mixing in industrial processes. However, another equally important aim for the Group is to promote co-operation between the University and industry at all levels from collaborative research projects to joint colloquia. The Workshop in December 1985 on 'Mixing, Stirring and Solidification in Metallurgical Processes' which led to this book was one in an annual series of such meetings first held in December 1983. The existence of the Wolfson Group is due to the enthusiasm of its original advocate, the late Professor J. A. Shercliff FRS, Head of the Department of Engineering who, together with Professor G. K. Batchelor FRS, Professor J. F. Davidson FRS, Dr J. C. R. Hunt, and Dr R. E. Britter, were responsible for the initial application to the Wolfson Foundation and for the subsequent direction of the Group's activities.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Hazardous wastes
ISBN : UCR:31210012660781

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International Waste Technologies/Geo-Con in Situ Stabilization/solidification by Anonim Pdf

Author : D. T. J. Hurle,E. Jakeman
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483213781

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The Role of Convection and Fluid Flow in Solidification and Crystal Growth by D. T. J. Hurle,E. Jakeman Pdf

Physicochemical Hydrodynamics: The Role of Convection and Fluid Flow in Solidification and Crystal Growth focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and approaches involved in solidification and crystal growth brought about by convection and fluid flow. The selection first offers information on the techniques of crystal growth, convection in Czochralski growth melts, and Marangoni effects in crystal growth melts. Discussions focus on crystal growth under reduced gravity, Marangoni effects in growth from a crucible, thermocapillary convection in floating zones, near-field flow, Czochralski bulk flow, and melt, solution, and vapor growth. The text then examines the effect of convective flow on morphological stability and time-dependent natural convection in crystal growth systems. The manuscript elaborates on the effects of fluid flow on the solidification of industrial castings and ingots and application of holographic interferometry to hydrodynamic phenomena in crystal growth. Topics include effects of fluid flow on crystal structure, importance of macrosegregation defects in castings, value of convection in crystal growth, and occurrence of thermal oscillations in fluids. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the role of convection and fluid flow in solidification and crystal growth.

Author : Liebermann
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 804 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1993-05-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0824789512

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Rapidly Solidified Alloys by Liebermann Pdf

This volume details the principles underlying rapid solidification processing, material structure and properties, and their applications. This practical resource presents a manifold approach to both amorphous and crystalline rapidly solidified metallic alloys.;Written by over 30 internationally acclaimed specialists in their respective fields, Rapidly Solidified Alloys: surveys nucleation and growth studies in undercooled melts; examines various processes for the production of rapidly solidified alloys; discusses the compaction of amorphous alloys; describes surface remelting treatments for the rapid solidification of surface layers and the resultant improved workpiece properties; covers the closely related topics of structural relaxation, atomic transport and other thermally induced processes; demonstrates microstructure-property relationships in rapidly quenched crystalline alloy systems and their beneficial effects in applications; and elucidates the basic, engineeering, and applications-oriented magnetic properties of amorphous alloys.;Furnishing more than 2300 literature citations for further study of specific subjects, Rapidly Solidified Alloys is intended for materials, mechanical, product, and civil engineers; metallurgists; magneticians; physicists; physical chemists; and graduate students in these disciplines.