Some Antiviral And Antineoplastic Drugs And Other Pharmaceutical Agents

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : UOM:39015054424513

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Some Antiviral and Antineoplastic Drugs, and Other Pharmaceutical Agents by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Pdf

Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures phenolphthalein and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT) an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT) zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI) and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose. Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide teniposide mitoxantrone and amsacrine. Of these etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph hydroxyurea which is widely used in cancer treatment and increasingly in combination with didanosine in HIV infection could not be classified. Phenolphthalein a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.

Author : Michael Fenech,Siegfried Knasmüller
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 684 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781788011341

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The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology by Michael Fenech,Siegfried Knasmüller Pdf

Concerns about the adverse health effects of chemicals and radiation present in the environment and at workplaces have created the need for better detection systems to assess their potential to cause DNA damage in humans and other organisms across ecosystems. The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology is the first comprehensive volume concerning the use of micronucleus assays in genetic toxicology. It succinctly explains the mechanisms by which genotoxins cause micronucleus formation and its relation to diseases. Furthermore, it describes the methods which are currently used for the analyses of micronuclei in different types of cells in human in vivo biomonitoring studies, routine in vivo tests with rodents, in vitro studies with human and mammalian cells, environmental monitoring with invertebrates and vertebrates such as molluscs, fish and, also, in plant bioassays. Moreover, this book also focuses on the use of the micronucleus technique in other research areas, including the detection of DNA damage caused by important groups of genotoxic carcinogens (heavy metals, industrial chemicals, cytotoxic drugs, pesticides, ionising radiation, etc.) as well as study designs, statistical analyses, international regulatory guidelines, and the development of automated scoring devices for this assay. This book will serve as both, a reference and a guide to students, and investigators in biomedical, biochemical and pharmaceutical sciences interested in gaining a better understanding of the biology of micronuclei and their application in measuring DNA damage caused by natural or man-made genotoxins.

Author : Wim P. Ceelen,Edward Levine
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781482261196

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Intraperitoneal Cancer Therapy by Wim P. Ceelen,Edward Levine Pdf

Intraperitoneal Cancer Therapy: Principles and Practice is one of the first books to combine the latest clinical developments in the treatment of patients with peritoneal surface disease and the scientific principles that underlie the concept of intraperitoneal cancer therapy. The book covers basic concepts such as anatomy, physiology, pharmacology

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer,World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 774 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9789283212799

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Some Thyrotropic Agents by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer,World Health Organization Pdf

This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group which met in Lyon, 10-17 October 2000.

Author : Tim Marrs,Kevin Woodward
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 638 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781788014045

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Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union by Tim Marrs,Kevin Woodward Pdf

Consumer and environmental protection depend on the careful regulation of all classes of chemicals. Toxicology is the key science used to evaluate safety and so underpins regulatory decisions on chemicals. With the growing body of EU legislation involved in chemical regulation, there is a concomitant need to understand the toxicological principles underlying safety assessments Regulatory Toxicology in the European Union is the first book to cover regulatory toxicology specifically in Europe. It addresses the need for a wider understanding of the principles of regulatory toxicology and their application and presents the relationship between toxicology and legislative processes in regulating chemical commodities across Europe. This title has a broad scope, covering historical and current chemical regulation in Europe, the role of European agencies and institutions, and also the use of toxicology data for important classes of chemicals, including human and veterinary medicines, animal feed and food additives, biocides, pesticides and nanomaterials. This book is therefore extremely pertinent and timely in the toxicology field at present. This book is an essential reference for regulatory authorities, industrialists, academics, undergraduates and postgraduates working within safety and hazards, toxicology, the biological sciences, and the medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences across the European Union.

Author : P E. Came,L. A. Caliguiri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642684876

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Chemotherapy of Viral Infections by P E. Came,L. A. Caliguiri Pdf

" . . . the motto for the therapeutics of the future will have to be de sedibus et causis pharmacorum. " P. EHRLICH, 1909 Exciting events in the basic disciplines of virology, immunology, and pharmacology continue to advance the understanding of the pathogenesis and control of virus diseases. At the same time, the rational development of antiviral agents is attracting, to an increasing extent, the interest of workers in other disciplines. Improvements in technology facilitate the definition of potential target sites for antiviral intervention and unmask new viral and host genes. The outcome is a further steady development of new antiviral agents which approach the "magic bullets" first proposed by PAUL EHRLICH. Remarkable advances in protein synthetic methods that yield polypeptides which inhibit active sites of viral proteins have aided substantially in the basic and clinical study of these antiviral agents. In addition, the extremely rapid progression in recombinant DNA techniques, leading to the synthesis of large quantities of gene products, is also increasing our opportunities at a dashing pace. New information and developing technology facilitate research on the mechanism of action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of new agents. The list of clinically effective antiviral agents is expanding and the number of potentially useful compounds is growing rapidly. This book is a combined theoretical text and practical manual which, it is hoped, will be of use to all who have an interest in virus diseases, particularly scientists, physicians and graduate students.

Author : Barry I. Castleman,Stephen L. Berger
Publisher : Wolters Kluwer
Page : 918 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780735552609

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Asbestos by Barry I. Castleman,Stephen L. Berger Pdf

Written by one of the leading asbestos experts for attorneys, occupational and environmental health professionals, and others in the field of toxic substances control, this updated resource provides a comprehensive examination of the public health history of asbestos. Includes extensive discussion of corporate knowledge and responsibility for asbestos hazards and detailed discussion of alternatives to asbestos.

Author : David Schottenfeld,Joseph F. Fraumeni
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1411 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2006-08-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195149616

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Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention by David Schottenfeld,Joseph F. Fraumeni Pdf

Drawing widely from international sources, the new edition of this reference book on cancer causes, incidence, mortality and survival patterns, also includes chapters on social class, obesity, physical activity and chemoprevention plus other related topics in the field.

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer,World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 642 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789283212898

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Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer,World Health Organization Pdf

This eighty-ninth volume of the IARC Monographs is the third and last of a series on tobacco-related agents. Volume 83 reported on the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking (second-hand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke) (IARC 2004a). Volume 85 summarized the evidence on the carcinogenic risk of chewing betel quid with and without tobacco (IARC 2004b). That volume explored the variety of products chewed in South Asia and other parts of the word that contain areca nut in combination with other ingredients, often including tobacco. In this eighty-ninth volume, the carcinogenic risks associated with the use of smokeless tobacco, including chewing tobacco and snuff, are considered in a first monograph. The second monograph reviews some tobacco-specific nitrosamines. These agents were evaluated earlier in Volume 37 of the Monographs (IARC 1985) and information gathered since that time has been summarized and evaluated.

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789283212829

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Some Traditional Herbal Medicines, Some Mycotoxins, Naphthalene and Styrene by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer Pdf

This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group which met in Lyon, 12-19 February 2002.

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789283212805

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Non-ionizing Radiation by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer Pdf

This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 19-26 June 2001.

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Meeting,World Health Organization,International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 690 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789283212904

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Human Papillomaviruses by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Meeting,World Health Organization,International Agency for Research on Cancer Pdf

This ninetieth volume of the IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humansconsiders human papillomaviruses (HPVs) which were evaluated by a previous Working Group (IARC, 1995). The monograph in the present volume incorporates new data that have become available during the past decade. HPVs represent the most common infectious agents that are transmitted sexually throughout the world; the major risk factors are behaviors associated with sexual activity. Although most infections are asymptomatic and are cleared within a period of 2 years, genital HPV infection can lead to clinical disease, including anogenital warts, cervical neoplasia, cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. The risk for persistence of infection and progression of the more than 40 genital HPV types to grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) and cancer differs widely. Persistent infection with carcinogenic HPVs occurs in virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Previous evaluations of HPVs have classified types 16 and 18 as carcinogenic to humans (group 1), types 31 and 33 as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) and some types other than 16, 18, 31 and 33 as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). At that time, the evaluation of types 16 and 18 was based on the strong association between infection with these HPVs and cervical cancer. For types 31 and 33, the association was less strong. The new epidemiological data reviewed in the present volume strongly support and further confirm the previous evaluation of types 16 and 18, and provide new evidence for other HPVs. This information, which includes strong evidence of carcinogenicity at sites other than the cervix, supports new evaluations for several other HPV types in addition to those mentioned above. Since the Working Group was convened in 2005, important innovations in HPV prophylaxis have occurred and these needed to be included in this volume. To date two prophylactic vaccines have been developed and used in large multicentric trials. This prophylactic vaccination is expected to reduce the incidence of HPV-related genital diseases. However, the benefits of prophylactic vaccines in a broad public health perspective will be achieved only if such vaccines can be provided to those groups of women for whom access to cervical cancer screening services is most problematic. Therefore, the development of second-generation vaccines that are expected to be cheaper, easier to deliver and to provide T-cell response against pre-existing HPV infections is highly desirable.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Carcinogenicity testing
ISBN : UCBK:C078435684

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Report on Carcinogens by Anonim Pdf

Author : Kevin Woodward
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781849735483

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Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans by Kevin Woodward Pdf

Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans is the first definitive guide to discuss the adverse effects of veterinary medicinal products in humans. The chapters focus on occupational safety and consumer issues and examine the circumstances under which exposure is likely to occur. To be in context, it reviews this against the background of adverse health effects from other sources in the veterinary and farming professions. The book examines adverse drug effects reported to regulatory agencies (mainly the FDAÆs Center for Veterinary Medicine) and then considers a series of individual drugs, including antibiotics, anaesthetics and organophosphorus compounds. The chapters also discuss the fundamental aspects of regulatory issues relating to safety assessment, and examine the manner in which user safety is assessed prior to authorisation/approval and what measures can be taken after authorisation/approval in the light of findings from pharmacovigilance activities. There is growing concern over the issue of antimicrobial resistance and the contribution made by veterinary medicinal products. This too is addressed along with the significance to human health and measures that can be taken to mitigate the effects (if any) of the use of antibiotics in animals e.g. prudent use measures. The book will be an essential resource for medical practitioners in hospitals and general practice, pharmaceutical industry scientists, analysts, regulators and risk managers.

Author : Heide Schatten
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-07-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781627030359

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The Centrosome by Heide Schatten Pdf

The Centrosome: Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Functions and Dysfunctions in Disease includes chapters on classic and modern aspects of centrosome research to cover topics of current interest that have not been covered in depth in most books on the market so far. It extends on previous topics and includes new exciting aspects of centrosome research focused on primary cilia and their dysfunctions that are implicated in numerous diseases. Each chapter will be written by experts in their fields who will contribute their unique expertise in specific research fields and include cell and molecular details that are important for the specific subtopics. The book will be comprehensive, concise and will include reviews of key topics in the field. Cutting edge new information will be balanced with background information that will be readily understandable for the newcomer and the experienced centrosome researcher alike.