Space Science And The International Traffic In Arms Regulations

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2008-03-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309116091

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Space Science and the International Traffic in Arms Regulations by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board Pdf

ITAR, which controls defense trade, includes the U.S. Munitions List (USML) which specifies categories of defense articles and services covered by the regulations. In 1999, space satellites were added to the USML. In 2002 ITAR was amended to exclude U.S. universities from having to obtain ITAR licenses when performing fundamental research involving foreign countries and/or persons. Despite this provision, there remains considerable uncertainty among university researchers about whether the regulations apply to their research leading to a rather conservative interpretation of the regulations and the imposition of burdens that might not be necessary. To explore this concern, NASA asked the NRC to organize a workshop of all stakeholders on the implications of ITAR for space science. This book presents a summary of the workshop discussions including those on perspectives on recent developments and implementation of ITAR; overarching issues; problems arising from ITAR's implementation; and opportunities for near-term actions and improvements.

Author : Michael Mineiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011-11-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9400725671

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Space Technology Export Controls and International Cooperation in Outer Space by Michael Mineiro Pdf

Export controls definitively impact international cooperation in outer space. Civil and commercial space actors that engage in international endeavors must comply with space technology export controls. In the general discourse, members of the civil and commercial space community have an understanding of their domestic export control regime. However, a careful reading of the literature on space technology export controls reveals that certain questions relevant to international engagements have not been identified or answered. What is the legal-political origin of space technology export controls? How do they relate to the current international legal structure? What steps can be taken to evolve our current unilateral paradigm of space technology within the context of peaceful exploration and use of outer space? In this book, these and other relevant questions on space technology export controls are identified and assessed through an insightful case-study of the U.S. commercial communication export control regime. The findings of this case-study are used in an international legal-political analysis of international space law, public international law, and international cooperation. Breaking new ground in international legal theory, a self-justified security dilemma that is manifest in international law is identified and explained as the origin for the current paradigm of space technology export controls.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Political Science
ISBN : PSU:000061500648

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NASA's Space Science Programs by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials and Manufacturing Board,Committee on Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309212144

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Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials and Manufacturing Board,Committee on Materials Needs and R&D Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems Pdf

The ongoing development of military aerospace platforms requires continuous technology advances in order to provide the nation's war fighters with the desired advantage. Significant advances in the performance and efficiency of jet and rocket propulsion systems are strongly dependent on the development of lighter more durable high-temperature materials. Materials development has been significantly reduced in the United States since the early 1990s, when the Department of Defense (DOD), the military services, and industry had very active materials development activities to underpin the development of new propulsion systems. This resulted in significant improvements in all engine characteristics and established the United States in global propulsion technology. Many of the significant advances in aircraft and rocket propulsion have been enabled by improved materials and, materials manufacturing processes. To improve efficiency further, engine weight must be reduced while preserving thrust. Materials Needs and Research and Development Strategy for Future Military Aerospace Propulsion Systems examines whether current and planned U.S. efforts are sufficient to meet U.S. military needs while keeping the U.S. on the leading edge of propulsion technology. This report considers mechanisms for the timely insertion of materials in propulsion systems and how these mechanisms might be improved, and describes the general elements of research and development strategies to develop materials for future military aerospace propulsion systems. The conclusions and recommendations asserted in this report will enhance the efficiency, level of effort, and impact of DOD materials development activities.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Best Practices for a Future Open Code Policy for NASA Space Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309482714

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Open Source Software Policy Options for NASA Earth and Space Sciences by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Best Practices for a Future Open Code Policy for NASA Space Science Pdf

Modern science is ever more driven by computations and simulations. In particular, the state of the art in space and Earth science often arises from complex simulations of climate, space weather, and astronomical phenomena. At the same time, scientific work requires data processing, presentation, and analysis through broadly available proprietary and community software.1 Implicitly or explicitly, software is central to science. Scientific discovery, understanding, validation, and interpretation are all enhanced by access to the source code of the software used by scientists. This report investigates and recommends options for NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) as it considers how to establish a policy regarding open source software to complement its existing policy on open data. In particular, the report reviews existing data and software policies and the lessons learned from the implementation of those policies, summarizes community perspectives, and presents policy options and recommendations for implementing an open source software policy for NASA SMD.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee on a Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics)
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309164283

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Solar and Space Physics by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board,Committee on a Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) Pdf

From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outward to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun's influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics-the disciplines NASA refers to as heliophysics-have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space. Solar and Space Physics, from the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for a Decadal Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, is the second NRC decadal survey in heliophysics. Building on the research accomplishments realized during the past decade, the report presents a program of basic and applied research for the period 2013-2022 that will improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that drive the Sun's activity and the fundamental physical processes underlying near-Earth plasma dynamics, determine the physical interactions of Earth's atmospheric layers in the context of the connected Sun-Earth system, and enhance greatly the capability to provide realistic and specific forecasts of Earth's space environment that will better serve the needs of society. Although the recommended program is directed primarily at NASA and the National Science Foundation for action, the report also recommends actions by other federal agencies, especially the parts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration charged with the day-to-day (operational) forecast of space weather. In addition to the recommendations included in this summary, related recommendations are presented in this report.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2009-07-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309139960

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Approaches to Future Space Cooperation and Competition in a Globalizing World by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board Pdf

Numerous countries and regions now have very active space programs, and the number is increasing. These maturing capabilities around the world create a plethora of potential partners for cooperative space endeavors, while at the same time heightening competitiveness in the international space arena. This book summarizes a public workshop held in November 2008 for the purpose of reviewing past and present cooperation, coordination, and competition mechanisms for space and Earth science research and space exploration; identifying significant lessons learned; and discussing how those lessons could best be applied in the future, particularly in the areas of cooperation and collaboration. Presentations and initial discussion focused on past and present experiences in international cooperation and competition to identify "lessons learned." Those lessons learned were then used as the starting point for subsequent discussions on the most effective ways for structuring future cooperation or coordination in space and Earth science research and space exploration. The goal of the workshop was not to develop a specific model for future cooperation or coordination, but rather to explore the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches and stimulate further deliberation on this important topic.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Law
ISBN : PSU:000066761457

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Impacts of U.S. Export Control Policies on Science and Technology Activities and Competitiveness by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007) Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1850 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : United States
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050144158

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Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2001 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1282 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : United States
ISBN : LOC:00068838009

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Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2001: Testimony of members of Congress and other interested individuals and organizations by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1100 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : United States
ISBN : LOC:00078989968

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Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2002: Testimony of members of Congress and other interested individuals and organizations by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1104 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : United States
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050198741

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Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2002 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Heliophysics Performance Assessment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2009-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309136563

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A Performance Assessment of NASA's Heliophysics Program by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on Heliophysics Performance Assessment Pdf

Since the 1990s, the pace of discovery in the field of solar and space physics has accelerated, largely owing to NASA investments in its Heliophysics Great Observatory fleet of spacecraft. These enable researchers to investigate connections between events on the Sun and in the space environment by combining multiple points of view. Recognizing the importance of observations of the Sun-to-Earth system, the National Research Council produced a solar and space physics decadal survey in 2003, laying out the Integrated Research Strategy. This strategy provided a prioritized list of flight missions, plus theory and modeling programs, that would advance the relevant physical theories, incorporate those theories in models that describe a system of interactions between the Sun and the space environment, obtain data on the system, and analyze and test the adequacy of the theories and models. Five years later, this book measures NASA's progress toward the goals and priorities laid out in the 2003 study. Unfortunately, very little of the recommended priorities will be realized before 2013. Mission cost growth, reordering of survey mission priorities, and unrealized budget assumptions have delayed nearly all of the recommended NASA spacecraft missions. The resulting loss of synergistic capabilities in space will constitute a serious impediment to future progress.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2010-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309139465

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Forging the Future of Space Science by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Space Studies Board Pdf

From September 2007 to June 2008 the Space Studies Board conducted an international public seminar series, with each monthly talk highlighting a different topic in space and Earth science. The principal lectures from the series are compiled in Forging the Future of Space Science. The topics of these events covered the full spectrum of space and Earth science research, from global climate change, to the cosmic origins of life, to the exploration of the Moon and Mars, to the scientific research required to support human spaceflight. The prevailing messages throughout the seminar series as demonstrated by the lectures in this book are how much we have accomplished over the past 50 years, how profound are our discoveries, how much contributions from the space program affect our daily lives, and yet how much remains to be done. The age of discovery in space and Earth science is just beginning. Opportunities abound that will forever alter our destiny.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Role and Scope of Mission-Enabling Activities in NASA's Space and Earth Science Missions
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309148238

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An Enabling Foundation for NASA's Earth and Space Science Missions by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board,Committee on the Role and Scope of Mission-Enabling Activities in NASA's Space and Earth Science Missions Pdf

NASA's space and Earth science program is composed of two principal components: spaceflight projects and mission-enabling activities. Most of the budget of NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is applied to spaceflight missions, but NASA identifies nearly one quarter of the SMD budget as "mission enabling." The principal mission-enabling activities, which traditionally encompass much of NASA's research and analysis (R&A) programs, include support for basic research, theory, modeling, and data analysis; suborbital payloads and flights and complementary ground-based programs; advanced technology development; and advanced mission and instrumentation concept studies. While the R&A program is essential to the development and support of NASA's diverse set of space and Earth science missions, defining and articulating an appropriate scale for mission-enabling activities have posed a challenge throughout NASA's history. This volume identifies the appropriate roles for mission-enabling activities and metrics for assessing their effectiveness. Furthermore, the book evaluates how, from a strategic perspective, decisions should be made about balance between mission-related and mission-enabling elements of the overall program as well as balance between various elements within the mission-enabling component. Collectively, these efforts will help SMD to make a good program even better.