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Spatial database research has continued to advance greatly since three decades ago, addressing the growing data management and analysis needs of spatial applications. This research has produced a taxonomy of models for space, conceptual models, spatial query languages and query processing, spatial file organization and indexes, and spatial data mining. However, emerging needs for spatial database systems include the handling of 3D spatial data, temporal dimension with spatial data, and spatial data visualization. In addition, the rise of new systems such as sensor networks and multi-core processors is likely to have an impact in spatial databases. The goal of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent advancements in spatial databases and research needs in each area.
Spatial Database Systems by Albert K.W. Yeung,G. Brent Hall Pdf
This book places spatial data within the broader domain of information technology (IT) while providing a comprehensive and coherent explanation of the guiding principles, methods, implementation and operational management of spatial databases within the workplace. The text explains the key concepts, issues and processes of spatial data implementation and provides a holistic management perspective.
Spatial Databases by Philippe Rigaux,Michel Scholl,Agnès Voisard Pdf
The authors explore and explain current techniques for handling the specialised data that describes geographical phenomena in a study that will be of great value to computer scientists and geographers working with spatial databases.
The Accuracy Of Spatial Databases by Michael F. Goodchild,Sucharita Gopal Pdf
The book addresses the problem of accuracy of spatial databases, and comprises of papers drawn from a wide range of physical and human systems, taking approaches which vary from statistical to descriptive. Together they present both a comprehensive review of existing knowledge, techniques and experience, and an analysis of critical research needs in this area of spatial data handling.
Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R by Roger S. Bivand,Edzer Pebesma,Virgilio Gómez-Rubio Pdf
Applied Spatial Data Analysis with R, second edition, is divided into two basic parts, the first presenting R packages, functions, classes and methods for handling spatial data. This part is of interest to users who need to access and visualise spatial data. Data import and export for many file formats for spatial data are covered in detail, as is the interface between R and the open source GRASS GIS and the handling of spatio-temporal data. The second part showcases more specialised kinds of spatial data analysis, including spatial point pattern analysis, interpolation and geostatistics, areal data analysis and disease mapping. The coverage of methods of spatial data analysis ranges from standard techniques to new developments, and the examples used are largely taken from the spatial statistics literature. All the examples can be run using R contributed packages available from the CRAN website, with code and additional data sets from the book's own website. Compared to the first edition, the second edition covers the more systematic approach towards handling spatial data in R, as well as a number of important and widely used CRAN packages that have appeared since the first edition. This book will be of interest to researchers who intend to use R to handle, visualise, and analyse spatial data. It will also be of interest to spatial data analysts who do not use R, but who are interested in practical aspects of implementing software for spatial data analysis. It is a suitable companion book for introductory spatial statistics courses and for applied methods courses in a wide range of subjects using spatial data, including human and physical geography, geographical information science and geoinformatics, the environmental sciences, ecology, public health and disease control, economics, public administration and political science. The book has a website where complete code examples, data sets, and other support material may be found: http://www.asdar-book.org. The authors have taken part in writing and maintaining software for spatial data handling and analysis with R in concert since 2003.
Spatial Databases by Philippe Rigaux,Michel Scholl,Agnès Voisard Pdf
Spatial Databases is the first unified, in-depth treatment of special techniques for dealing with spatial data, particularly in the field of geographic information systems (GIS). This book surveys various techniques, such as spatial data models, algorithms, and indexing methods, developed to address specific features of spatial data that are not adequately handled by mainstream DBMS technology. The book also reviews commercial solutions to geographic data handling: ArcInfo, ArcView, and Smallworld GISs; and two extensions to the relational model, PostgreSQL and Oracle Spatial. The authors examine these underlying GIS technologies, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and consider specific uses for which each product is best suited. * Examines the strengths of various query languages and approaches to query processing. * Explains the use of computational geometry in spatial databases GISs, providing necessary background and an in-depth look at key algorithms. * Covers spatial access methods, including the R-tree and several space-driven structures, and is filled with dozens of helpful illustrations.
Spatial Databases by Yannis Manolopoulos,Apostolos N. Papadopoulos,Michael Gr Vassilakopoulos Pdf
Spatial Databases: Technologies, Techniques and Trends introduces the reader to the world of spatial databases, and related subtopics. The broad range of topics covered within the chapters includes spatial data modeling, indexing of spatial and spatiotemporal objects, data mining and knowledge discovery in spatial and spatiotemporal management issues and query processing for moving objects. The reader will be able to get in touch with several important research issues the research community is dealing with today. Covering fundamental aspects up to advanced material, Spatial Databases: Technologies, Techniques and Trends appeals to a broad computer science audience. Although perfect for specialists, each chapter is self contained, making it easy for non-specialists to grasp the main issues involved.
Integrated Spatial Databases: Digital Images and GIS by Peggy Agouris,Anthony Stefanidis Pdf
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the International Workshop on Integrated Databases, Digital Images and GIS, ISD'99, held in Portland, Maine, USA in June 1999. The 18 revised full papers presented went through a double reviewing process and were selected from nearly 40 original submissions. The book is divided into parts on object extraction from raster images, geospatial analysis, formalisms and modeling, and data access.
Spatial Database for GPS Wildlife Tracking Data by Ferdinando Urbano,Francesca Cagnacci Pdf
This book guides animal ecologists, biologists and wildlife and data managers through a step-by-step procedure to build their own advanced software platforms to manage and process wildlife tracking data. This unique, problem-solving-oriented guide focuses on how to extract the most from GPS animal tracking data, while preventing error propagation and optimizing analysis performance. Based on the open source PostgreSQL/PostGIS spatial database, the software platform will allow researchers and managers to integrate and harmonize GPS tracking data together with animal characteristics, environmental data sets, including remote sensing image time series, and other bio-logged data, such as acceleration data. Moreover, the book shows how the powerful R statistical environment can be integrated into the software platform, either connecting the database with R, or embedding the same tools in the database through the PostgreSQL extension Pl/R. The client/server architecture allows users to remotely connect a number of software applications that can be used as a database front end, including GIS software and WebGIS. Each chapter offers a real-world data management and processing problem that is discussed in its biological context; solutions are proposed and exemplified through ad hoc SQL code, progressively exploring the potential of spatial database functions applied to the respective wildlife tracking case. Finally, wildlife tracking management issues are discussed in the increasingly widespread framework of collaborative science and data sharing. GPS animal telemetry data from a real study, freely available online, are used to demonstrate the proposed examples. This book is also suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, if accompanied by the basics of databases.
Spatial Data Analysis: Theory and Practice, first published in 2003, provides a broad ranging treatment of the field of spatial data analysis. It begins with an overview of spatial data analysis and the importance of location (place, context and space) in scientific and policy related research. Covering fundamental problems concerning how attributes in geographical space are represented to the latest methods of exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial modeling, it is designed to take the reader through the key areas that underpin the analysis of spatial data, providing a platform from which to view and critically appreciate many of the key areas of the field. Parts of the text are accessible to undergraduate and master's level students, but it also contains sufficient challenging material that it will be of interest to geographers, social and economic scientists, environmental scientists and statisticians, whose research takes them into the area of spatial analysis.
Ontologies and Big Data Considerations for Effective Intelligence by Lu, Joan,Xu, Qiang Pdf
Across numerous industries in modern society, there is a constant need to gather precise and relevant data efficiently and quickly. As such, it is imperative to research new methods and approaches to increase productivity in these areas. Ontologies and Big Data Considerations for Effective Intelligence is a key source on the latest advancements in multidisciplinary research methods and applications and examines effective techniques for managing and utilizing information resources. Featuring extensive coverage across a range of relevant perspectives and topics, such as visual analytics, spatial databases, retrieval systems, and ontology models, this book is ideally designed for researchers, graduate students, academics, and industry professionals seeking ways to optimize knowledge management processes.
Spatial database management deals with the storage, indexing, and querying of data with spatial features, such as location and geometric extent. Many applications require the efficient management of spatial data, including Geographic Information Systems, Computer Aided Design, and Location Based Services. The goal of this book is to provide the reader with an overview of spatial data management technology, with an emphasis on indexing and search techniques. It first introduces spatial data models and queries and discusses the main issues of extending a database system to support spatial data. It presents indexing approaches for spatial data, with a focus on the R-tree. Query evaluation and optimization techniques for the most popular spatial query types (selections, nearest neighbor search, and spatial joins) are portrayed for data in Euclidean spaces and spatial networks. The book concludes by demonstrating the ample application of spatial data management technology on a wide range of related application domains: management of spatio-temporal data and high-dimensional feature vectors, multi-criteria ranking, data mining and OLAP, privacy-preserving data publishing, and spatial keyword search. Table of Contents: Introduction / Spatial Data / Indexing / Spatial Query Evaluation / Spatial Networks / Applications of Spatial Data Management Technology
An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis by Martin Wegmann,Jakob Schwalb-Willmann,Stefan Dech Pdf
This is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their research. It will allow readers to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis introduces spatial data handling using the open source software Quantum GIS (QGIS). In addition, readers will be guided through their first steps in the R programming language. The authors explain the fundamentals of spatial data handling and analysis, empowering the reader to turn data acquired in the field into actual spatial data. Readers will learn to process and analyse spatial data of different types and interpret the data and results. After finishing this book, readers will be able to address questions such as “What is the distance to the border of the protected area?”, “Which points are located close to a road?”, “Which fraction of land cover types exist in my study area?” using different software and techniques. This book is for novice spatial data users and does not assume any prior knowledge of spatial data itself or practical experience working with such data sets. Readers will likely include student and professional ecologists, geographers and any environmental scientists or practitioners who need to collect, visualize and analyse spatial data. The software used is the widely applied open source scientific programs QGIS and R. All scripts and data sets used in the book will be provided online at book.ecosens.org. This book covers specific methods including: what to consider before collecting in situ data how to work with spatial data collected in situ the difference between raster and vector data how to acquire further vector and raster data how to create relevant environmental information how to combine and analyse in situ and remote sensing data how to create useful maps for field work and presentations how to use QGIS and R for spatial analysis how to develop analysis scripts
Advances in Spatial Data Handling by Sabine Timpf,Patrick Laube Pdf
This volume is based on the reviewed and edited proceedings of the International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling 2012, held in Bonn. The 15th SDH brought together scholars and professionals from the international GIScience community to present the latest research achievements and to share experiences in Geospatial dynamics, geosimulation and exploratory visualization.
As research in the geosciences and social sciences becomes increasingly dependent on computers, applications such as geographical information systems are becoming indispensable tools. But the digital representations of phenomena that these systems require are often of poor quality, leading to inaccurate results, uncertainty, error propagation, and