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Author : René Carré,Pierre Divenyi,Mohamad Mrayati Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG Page : 241 pages File Size : 53,7 Mb Release : 2017-04-24 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines ISBN : 9781501502019
Speech: A dynamic process by René Carré,Pierre Divenyi,Mohamad Mrayati Pdf
Speech: A dynamic process takes readers on a rigorous exploratory journey to expose them to the inherently dynamic nature of speech. The book addresses an intriguing question: Based only on physical principles alone, can the exploitation of a simple acoustic tube evolve into an optimal speech production system comparable to the one we possess? In the work presented, the tube is deformed step by step with the sole criterion of expending minimum effort to obtain maximum acoustic variations. At the end of this process, the tube is found divided into distinctive regions and an acoustic space emerges capable of generating speech sounds. Attaching this tube to a model, an inherently dynamic and efficient system is created. In the resulting system, optimal primitive trajectories are seen to naturally exist in the acoustic space and the regions defined in the tube correspond to the main places of articulation for oral vowels and plosive consonants. All this implies that these speech sounds are inherent properties of not only the modeled acoustic tube but also of the human speech production system. This book stands as a valuable resource for accomplished and aspiring speech scientists as well as for other interested persons in search for an introduction to speech acoustics that takes an unconventional path.
Author : René Carré,Pierre Divenyi,Mohamad Mrayati Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG Page : 239 pages File Size : 43,8 Mb Release : 2017-04-24 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines ISBN : 9781501502057
Speech: A dynamic process by René Carré,Pierre Divenyi,Mohamad Mrayati Pdf
Speech: A dynamic process takes readers on a rigorous exploratory journey to expose them to the inherently dynamic nature of speech. The book addresses an intriguing question: Based only on physical principles alone, can the exploitation of a simple acoustic tube evolve into an optimal speech production system comparable to the one we possess? In the work presented, the tube is deformed step by step with the sole criterion of expending minimum effort to obtain maximum acoustic variations. At the end of this process, the tube is found divided into distinctive regions and an acoustic space emerges capable of generating speech sounds. Attaching this tube to a model, an inherently dynamic and efficient system is created. In the resulting system, optimal primitive trajectories are seen to naturally exist in the acoustic space and the regions defined in the tube correspond to the main places of articulation for oral vowels and plosive consonants. All this implies that these speech sounds are inherent properties of not only the modeled acoustic tube but also of the human speech production system. This book stands as a valuable resource for accomplished and aspiring speech scientists as well as for other interested persons in search for an introduction to speech acoustics that takes an unconventional path.
Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception by P. L. Divenyi Pdf
That speech is a dynamic process strikes as a tautology: whether from the standpoint of the talker, the listener, or the engineer, speech is an action, a sound, or a signal continuously changing in time. This book presents a collection of papers which looks at speech as a dynamic process and highlights its particularities.
Speech Processing by Li Deng,Douglas O'Shaughnessy Pdf
Based on years of instruction and field expertise, this volume offers the necessary tools to understand all scientific, computational, and technological aspects of speech processing. The book emphasizes mathematical abstraction, the dynamics of the speech process, and the engineering optimization practices that promote effective problem solving in this area of research and covers many years of the authors' personal research on speech processing. Speech Processing helps build valuable analytical skills to help meet future challenges in scientific and technological advances in the field and considers the complex transition from human speech processing to computer speech processing.
Dynamics of Speech Production and Perception by P.L. Divenyi,S. Greenberg,G. Meyer Pdf
The idea that speech is a dynamic process is a tautology: whether from the standpoint of the talker, the listener, or the engineer, speech is an action, a sound, or a signal continuously changing in time. Yet, because phonetics and speech science are offspring of classical phonology, speech has been viewed as a sequence of discrete events-positions of the articulatory apparatus, waveform segments, and phonemes. Although this perspective has been mockingly referred to as "beads on a string", from the time of Henry Sweet's 19th century treatise almost up to our days specialists of speech science and speech technology have continued to conceptualize the speech signal as a sequence of static states interleaved with transitional elements reflecting the quasi-continuous nature of vocal production. This book, a collection of papers of which each looks at speech as a dynamic process and highlights one of its particularities, is dedicated to the memory of Ludmilla Andreevna Chistovich. At the outset, it was planned to be a Chistovich festschrift but, sadly, she passed away a few months before the book went to press. The 24 chapters of this volume testify to the enormous influence that she and her colleagues have had over the four decades since the publication of their 1965 monograph.
Speech dynamics refer to the temporal characteristics in all stages of the human speech communication process. This speech “chain” starts with the formation of a linguistic message in a speaker's brain and ends with the arrival of the message in a listener's brain. Given the intricacy of the dynamic speech process and its fundamental importance in human communication, this monograph is intended to provide a comprehensive material on mathematical models of speech dynamics and to address the following issues: How do we make sense of the complex speech process in terms of its functional role of speech communication? How do we quantify the special role of speech timing? How do the dynamics relate to the variability of speech that has often been said to seriously hamper automatic speech recognition? How do we put the dynamic process of speech into a quantitative form to enable detailed analyses? And finally, how can we incorporate the knowledge of speech dynamics into computerized speech analysis and recognition algorithms? The answers to all these questions require building and applying computational models for the dynamic speech process. What are the compelling reasons for carrying out dynamic speech modeling? We provide the answer in two related aspects. First, scientific inquiry into the human speech code has been relentlessly pursued for several decades. As an essential carrier of human intelligence and knowledge, speech is the most natural form of human communication. Embedded in the speech code are linguistic (as well as para-linguistic) messages, which are conveyed through four levels of the speech chain. Underlying the robust encoding and transmission of the linguistic messages are the speech dynamics at all the four levels. Mathematical modeling of speech dynamics provides an effective tool in the scientific methods of studying the speech chain. Such scientific studies help understand why humans speak as they do and how humans exploit redundancy and variability by way of multitiered dynamic processes to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of human speech communication. Second, advancement of human language technology, especially that in automatic recognition of natural-style human speech is also expected to benefit from comprehensive computational modeling of speech dynamics. The limitations of current speech recognition technology are serious and are well known. A commonly acknowledged and frequently discussed weakness of the statistical model underlying current speech recognition technology is the lack of adequate dynamic modeling schemes to provide correlation structure across the temporal speech observation sequence. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, the majority of current research activities in this area favor only incremental modifications and improvements to the existing HMM-based state-of-the-art. For example, while the dynamic and correlation modeling is known to be an important topic, most of the systems nevertheless employ only an ultra-weak form of speech dynamics; e.g., differential or delta parameters. Strong-form dynamic speech modeling, which is the focus of this monograph, may serve as an ultimate solution to this problem. After the introduction chapter, the main body of this monograph consists of four chapters. They cover various aspects of theory, algorithms, and applications of dynamic speech models, and provide a comprehensive survey of the research work in this area spanning over past 20~years. This monograph is intended as advanced materials of speech and signal processing for graudate-level teaching, for professionals and engineering practioners, as well as for seasoned researchers and engineers specialized in speech processing
Speech dynamics refer to the temporal characteristics in all stages of the human speech communication process. This speech “chain” starts with the formation of a linguistic message in a speaker's brain and ends with the arrival of the message in a listener's brain. Given the intricacy of the dynamic speech process and its fundamental importance in human communication, this monograph is intended to provide a comprehensive material on mathematical models of speech dynamics and to address the following issues: How do we make sense of the complex speech process in terms of its functional role of speech communication? How do we quantify the special role of speech timing? How do the dynamics relate to the variability of speech that has often been said to seriously hamper automatic speech recognition? How do we put the dynamic process of speech into a quantitative form to enable detailed analyses? And finally, how can we incorporate the knowledge of speech dynamics into computerized speech analysis and recognition algorithms? The answers to all these questions require building and applying computational models for the dynamic speech process. What are the compelling reasons for carrying out dynamic speech modeling? We provide the answer in two related aspects. First, scientific inquiry into the human speech code has been relentlessly pursued for several decades. As an essential carrier of human intelligence and knowledge, speech is the most natural form of human communication. Embedded in the speech code are linguistic (as well as para-linguistic) messages, which are conveyed through four levels of the speech chain. Underlying the robust encoding and transmission of the linguistic messages are the speech dynamics at all the four levels. Mathematical modeling of speech dynamics provides an effective tool in the scientific methods of studying the speech chain. Such scientific studies help understand why humans speak as they do and how humans exploit redundancy and variability by way of multitiered dynamic processes to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of human speech communication. Second, advancement of human language technology, especially that in automatic recognition of natural-style human speech is also expected to benefit from comprehensive computational modeling of speech dynamics. The limitations of current speech recognition technology are serious and are well known. A commonly acknowledged and frequently discussed weakness of the statistical model underlying current speech recognition technology is the lack of adequate dynamic modeling schemes to provide correlation structure across the temporal speech observation sequence. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, the majority of current research activities in this area favor only incremental modifications and improvements to the existing HMM-based state-of-the-art. For example, while the dynamic and correlation modeling is known to be an important topic, most of the systems nevertheless employ only an ultra-weak form of speech dynamics; e.g., differential or delta parameters. Strong-form dynamic speech modeling, which is the focus of this monograph, may serve as an ultimate solution to this problem. After the introduction chapter, the main body of this monograph consists of four chapters. They cover various aspects of theory, algorithms, and applications of dynamic speech models, and provide a comprehensive survey of the research work in this area spanning over past 20~years. This monograph is intended as advanced materials of speech and signal processing for graudate-level teaching, for professionals and engineering practioners, as well as for seasoned researchers and engineers specialized in speech processing
Structure and Process in Speech Perception by A. Cohen,S.G. Nooteboom Pdf
The purpose of the Symposium was to provide a meeting place for those working in the field of s·peech perception, whose main in terest is in the study of the perceptual processes in the deco ding of connected speech, hence the title Dynamic Aspects of Speech Perception. It was felt, after the meeting of the 8th ICA in London and the 2nd Speech Communication Seminar in Stockholm, 1974, that there should be an opportunity for an exchange of ideas on this topic with the emphasis on discussion and interpretation, rather than on the presentation of experimental results. The initiators set themselves up as a planning committee and asked the present editors to organize a symposium in Eindhoven at the Institute for Perception Research, which has a well established tradition in perceptual work. The present proceedings contain papers by contributors invited by the planning committee, as well as discussions. Most of the papers were circulated well in advance of the Symposium. We arranged the material in five sections: I. Theoretical Issues in Speech Perception Research II. Prosody in Speech Perception III. Some Storage Properties of Speech Perception IV. Short-term context effects, Dichotic listening, Speech Perception in the very young V. General discussion and tentative conclusions The order of papers is not the same as at the Symposium. Two papers are printed that were not introduced orally by their authors, viz.
Advances in Nonlinear Speech Processing by Carlos M. Travieso-González,Jesús Alonso-Hernández Pdf
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Nonlinear Speech Processing, NoLISP 2011, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, in November 2011. The purpose of the workshop is to present and discuss new ideas, techniques and results related to alternative approaches in speech processing that may depart from the main stream. The 33 papers presented together with 2 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. The topics of NOLISP 2011 were non-linear approximation and estimation; non-linear oscillators and predictors; higher-order statistics; independent component analysis; nearest neighbors; neural networks; decision trees; non-parametric models; dynamics of non-linear systems; fractal methods; chaos modeling; and non-linear differential equations.
Internationalization, Design and Global Development by Nuray Aykin Pdf
This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development, IDGD 2009, held in San Diego, CA, USA, in July 2009 in the framework of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2009 with 10 other thematically similar conferences. The 57 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of internationalization, design and global development and address the following major topics: cross-cultural user interface design; culture, community, collaboration and learning; internationalization and usability; ICT for global development; and designing for eCommerce, eBusiness and eBanking.
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006 by Jun Wang,Zhang Yi,Jacek M. Zurada,Bao-Liang Lu,Yin Hujun Pdf
This is Volume II of a three volume set constituting the refereed proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2006. 616 revised papers are organized in topical sections on neurobiological analysis, theoretical analysis, neurodynamic optimization, learning algorithms, model design, kernel methods, data preprocessing, pattern classification, computer vision, image and signal processing, system modeling, robotic systems, transportation systems, communication networks, information security, fault detection, financial analysis, bioinformatics, biomedical and industrial applications, and more.
The Bloomsbury Companion to Phonetics by Mark J. Jones,Rachael-Anne Knight Pdf
The Bloomsbury Companion To Phonetics is designed to be the essential one-volume resource for advanced students and academics. It offers a comprehensive reference resource, giving an overview of key topics and key terms in phonetics. It offers a survey of current research areas and new directions in the field as well as featuring a manageable guide to beginning or developing research. The book gives readers practical guidance for advanced study in the area. The volume covers all the most important issues, concepts, movements and approaches in the field, looking at both the core and applied domains of phonetics and speech science. It offers insights into areas as diverse as the acquisition, production and perception of speech, and clinical and forensic phonetics. There is a state of the art exploration of voice and phonation, tone and intonation, phonetic pedagogy, speech technology and phonetic universals.
Dynamic Patterns in Communication Processes by James H. Watt,C. Arthur VanLear Pdf
Despite the general acknowledgment that communication is a process rather than a condition, there has been little systematic examination of dynamic processes within the context of communication studies. Dynamic Patterns in Communication Processes looks at these processes within the field as a whole, drawing from many unexplored connections within the discipline. Using data rather than simulation this work discusses the most timely topics in communication today. The first part of the book focuses on the methodological and theoretical significance of communication events or states that vary regularly or in some distinct pattern over time. The second part is a compilation of current theories and research based on the ideas of cycling and dynamic patterns that occur in diverse communication settings. Scholars and professionals in mass communication and interpersonal communication will appreciate the way this volume addresses topics relevant to both fields. Those in research methods, organizational communication, and psychology will also value the insights this book has to offer.
Second Language Acquisition Processes in the Classroom by Amy Snyder Ohta Pdf
This book is the first study to examine how interactional style develops within the walls of a foreign language classroom in the first two years of language study. Results show learners to be highly sensitive to pragmatic information and that learners can move toward an appropriate interactional style through classroom interactive experience. The book shows how learners are most often sources who offer assistance and correction, with errors serving most often to stimulate further thinking about what form is correct. Analysis shows learners to be active in seeking corrective information in the classroom setting, not only from peer partners but also from the teacher. They are active in noticing how the teacher's utterances--even when addressed to others--contrast with their own, and utilize corrective feedback intended for other students. In addition, the results show that teacher-initiated corrective feedback addressed to individual learners is only one source of corrective feedback. Learners are shown to be active in both teacher-fronted and peer interactive settings. In newer L2 teaching methodologies which focus on the use of peer interactive tasks, the teacher's role has been de-emphasized. This book, however, shows how important the teacher's role is. The final chapter examines how the teacher can act to maximize the benefits of peer interactive tasks through how they design tasks and present them to the class. First, the chapter looks at how learners use English--their L1--in the classroom, concluding that how teachers present activities to the class has an impact on the amount of L1 used by students during peer interaction. Following up on this finding, the chapter works to address questions that teachers face in lesson planning and teaching. It presents a useful list of questions teachers can ask when designing peer interactive tasks in order to maximize the effectiveness of a wide variety of language learning tasks.
