Standard Contract Terms In Europe

Author : Hugh Collins
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041127846

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Standard Contract Terms in Europe by Hugh Collins Pdf

Ever since the Directive on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts of 1993, the European project has been working intensively towards harmonization of contract law across all EU Member States. To date, virtually none of the many problems that have arisen have been resolved. The SECOLA Annual Conference convened in Prague in 2005 to consider the specific topic of unfair terms and to imagine ways in which the obstacles raised by this provocative issue might be overcome. In this book, which presents revised versions of the papers presented at that conference, fourteen outstanding European scholars examine basic questions about the differing conceptions of contract law in the national legal systems of the Member States, divergent legal techniques such as interpretation of contract and divergent approaches to legal reasoning, and contrasting views about the nature of the problems presented by unfair terms in contracts. Among the contentious matters discussed are the following: the tension between party autonomy and social justice; control over freedom of contract in the name of substantive fairness and efficiency; interpretation of contract terms the intrusion of competition law into contract law; the disputed meanings of good faith and legitimate expectations; the requirement of 'plain intelligible language'; and characterization problems Above all the essays ask: Can harmonization of European contract law be achieved? And if so, how? The answers offered not only clarify the stage we have arrived at in this ongoing initiative, but also identify the essential conflicts that must be understood if we are to secure meaningful regulation of contract terms at a transnational level. For these reasons the book is enormously valuable to all parties interested in this crucial component of European integration.

Author : Stefan Grundmann,Denis Mazeaud
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041124326

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General Clauses and Standards in European Contract Law by Stefan Grundmann,Denis Mazeaud Pdf

General clauses or standards (Generalklauseln, clauses generales) are legal rules which are not precisely formulated, terms and concepts which in fact do not even have a clear core. They are often applied in varying degrees in various legal systems to a rather wide range of contract cases when certain issues arise issues such as abuse of rights, unfairness, good faith, fairness of duty or loyalty or honesty, duty of care, and other such contract terms not lending themselves readily to clear or permanent definition. Here for the first time is a systematic discussion of this kind of rule in the evolving and dynamic context of European contract law. A collection of twelve insightful essays by leading European law authorities, the book is based on a conference organized jointly by the Society of European Contract Law (SECOLA) and l'association Henri Capitant, held in the `grande salle' of the French Supreme Court in Paris in 2005. The subject is approached along three distinct but interconnected avenues: comparative contract law, in which the different models to be found among Member States particularly the Germanic, French, and English common law systems are explored with an eye to differences and common ground;EC contract law, in which the general clause approach has tended to focus on labour law and consumer law, and in which the European Court of Justice more and more assumes the final say; andthe European codification dimension, in which a potential instrument on the European level would compete with national laws and develop closely with them. The authors demonstrate that a focus on general clauses in contract law, embracing as it does a wide range of types of contracts, helps enormously with the necessary integration of legal scholarship and economic approaches, and of legal science and legal practice in the field. Numerous analytic references to relevant cases and EC Directives give a practical impetus to the far-reaching but immediately applicable theory presented in this important book. As European contract law continues to develop rapidly, this seminal contribution is sure to increase in value and usefulness.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Adhesion contracts
ISBN : UVA:X030349020

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Standard Terms in Contracts by Anonim Pdf

Author : Stefan Grundmann,Martin Schauer
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041125309

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The Architecture of European Codes and Contract Law by Stefan Grundmann,Martin Schauer Pdf

The nineteen outstanding contributors to this deeply insightful book concur in envisioning a fundamentally new systematic concept of contract law that, while preserving the essential and‘architectureand’ of the existing European codes, would nonetheless find cogent ways to integrate such modern developments as mass transactions, chains and networks of contracts, regulation of markets and contracts to protect consumers, and service and long-term contracts into an optional European code. The book is organised along three major avenues: and• the systematic arrangement of a contract law code - how it deals with core questions of formation and performance or breach of contract, such as mistake and misrepresentation, standard contract terms, and remedies in the case of breach of contract; and• the apparent necessity to merge consumer contract law (i.e. such issues as product safety and liability, warranties, and consumer debt and insolvency) with traditional core contract law concepts; and and• the importance to substantive contract law of the pre-contractual phase, in which information duties are becoming steadily more paramount. The authors perspectives cover a wide range of jurisdictions, including new EU Member States. The bookand’s commitment to an integration of comparative law, EC law, and the debate on European codification offers practitioners and academics fertile ground for the development of a new model of contract law that is more than a common denominator of what has been in force so far. This model may serve as a basis for Europe-wide and perhaps even worldwide discussion.

Author : Gardiner, Caterina
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2022-06-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781800886179

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Unfair Contract Terms in the Digital Age by Gardiner, Caterina Pdf

Since the introduction of the European Unfair Contract Terms Directive (UCTD) there have been far-reaching developments in the digital landscape which have significantly altered the nature of consumer contracts. This timely book examines the changes that have taken place since the advent of the UCTD and analyses the challenges that they pose for consumers entering online standard form contracts today.

Author : Reiner Schulze,Jules Stuyck
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011-08-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783866539549

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Towards a European Contract Law by Reiner Schulze,Jules Stuyck Pdf

Author : Yeşim M. Atamer,Pascal Pichonnaz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 772 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-19
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030230579

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Control of Price Related Terms in Standard Form Contracts by Yeşim M. Atamer,Pascal Pichonnaz Pdf

This book explores various approaches around the world regarding price term control, and particularly discusses the effectiveness of two major paths: ex ante regulatory and ex post judicial intervention. Price control and its limits are issues that affect all liberal market economies, as well as more regulated markets. For the past several years, courts in many different countries have been confronted with the issue of whether, and to what extent, they should intervene regarding price-related terms in standard form contracts – especially in the area of consumer contracts. Open price clauses, flat remunerations, price adjustment clauses, clauses giving the seller/supplier the right to ask for additional payments, bundling or partitioning practices, etc.: a variety of price related terms are used to manipulate customers’ choices, often also by exploiting their behavioral biases. The result is an unfavorable contract that is later challenged in court. However, invalidating a given price term in standard forms e.g. of a banking or utilities contract only has an inter partes effect, which means that in thousands if not millions of similar contracts, the same clauses continue to be used. Effective procedural rules are often lacking. Therefore, pricing patterns that serve to hide rather than to reveal the real cost of goods and services require special attention on the part of regulators. The aim of this book is to determine the various approaches in the world regarding price term control, and particularly to discuss the efficiency of both paths, ex ante regulatory and ex post judicial intervention. Thanks to its broad comparative analysis, this book offers a thorough overview of the methods employed in several countries. It gathers twenty-eight contributions from national rapporteurs and one supra-national rapporteur (EU) to the 2018 IACL Congress held in Fukuoka. These are supplemented by a general report presented at the same IACL Congress, which includes a comparative analysis of the national and supranational reports. The national contributors hail from around the globe, including Africa (1), Asia (5), Europe (17), the European Union (1) and the Americas (5).

Author : Nils Jansen,Reinhard Zimmermann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 2250 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192508010

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Commentaries on European Contract Laws by Nils Jansen,Reinhard Zimmermann Pdf

The book provides rule-by-rule commentaries on European contract law (general contract law, consumer contract law, the law of sale and related services), dealing with its modern manifestations as well as its historical and comparative foundations. After the collapse of the European Commission's plans to codify European contract law it is timely to reflect on what has been achieved over the past three to four decades, and for an assessment of the current situation. In particular, the production of a bewildering number of reference texts has contributed to a complex picture of European contract laws rather than a European contract law. The present book adopts a broad perspective and an integrative approach. All relevant reference texts (from the CISG to the Draft Common European Sales Law) are critically examined and compared with each other. As far as the acquis commun (ie the traditional private law as laid down in the national codifications) is concerned, the Principles of European Contract Law have been chosen as a point of departure. The rules contained in that document have, however, been complemented with some chapters, sections, and individual provisions drawn from other sources, primarily in order to account for the quickly growing acquis communautaire in the field of consumer contract law. In addition, the book ties the discussion concerning the reference texts back to the pertinent historical and comparative background; and it thus investigates whether, and to what extent, these texts can be taken to be genuinely European in nature, ie to constitute a manifestation of a common core of European contract law. Where this is not the case, the question is asked whether, and for what reasons, they should be seen as points of departure for the further development of European contract law.

Author : Paolisa Nebbia
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2007-02-08
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781847313485

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Unfair Contract Terms in European Law by Paolisa Nebbia Pdf

The book examines Directive 93/13 on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts and its implementation with a twofold aim: first, to understand the extent to which the Directive has influenced and will influence fundamental notions and principles of contract law in the domestic legal systems of the Member States; second, it examines the extent to which the domestic legal traditions of the Member States have influenced the process of drafting of the Directive and, more importantly, will affect the way that the Directive is interpreted and applied in national courts. The focus is mainly on English law (including the 2005 Unfair Terms in Contracts Bill) and on Italian law, but frequent references are made to the French and the German systems. At the same time, the book has a broader, more 'European' concern, in that it aims to distill from the existing Community acquis and from the history and rationale of Directive 93/13 notions and concepts that could guide its interpretation. It is well known that Community law uses terminology which is peculiar to it, and that legal concepts do not necessarily have the same meaning in EC law and in the law of the various Member States: every provision of Community law must be placed in its context and interpreted in the light of its own objectives and rationale, and of the objectives and rationale of Community law as a whole. In this respect, this book aims to identify the contours and features of the emerging European legal tradition, and to assess the impact that this may have on the domestic traditions.

Author : Maren Heidemann,Joseph Lee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 471 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783319959696

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The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform by Maren Heidemann,Joseph Lee Pdf

This book explores commercial contract law in scholarship and legal practice, suggests new research agendas and provides a forum for debate of typical issues that might benefit from further attention by scholarship and legislatures. The authors from over ten different jurisdictions take an international and comparative approach. Not confined to EU law it re-opens the debate internationally and seeks to reclaim the wider meaning of European law as rooted in geography and cultural legal heritage. There is a need to focus on commercial contracts in more detail in research and legislation. The transactional approach, the role of recent law reform, including the new French Civil Code, cross-border dealings, substantive contract law in public international law and ICSID arbitration as well as current contractual practices like OEM, CSR, contractual co-operation, sustainability and intra-corporate arbitration contribute to a wider regulatory outlook for commercial transactions.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-11-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783866538733

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Contract II by Anonim Pdf

The present volume is the second of a series. In addition to revising those parts of the ACQP which were published in the “Contract I” volume, it presents numerous new rules, in particular on remedies for non-performance and on certain specific situations or contracts such as delivery of goods, package travel and payment services. The work is particularly aimed at enriching the current controversial debate on the way forward for European contract and consumer law stimulated by the European Commission's Proposal for a Directive on Consumer Rights. The Acquis Principles include: - General rules formulated on the basis of existing EC law - An accompanying commentary, outlining the foundations in the Acquis - Definitions of core legal terms and a glossary on terminology The Acquis Group aims to reformulate the present patchwork of directives, regulations and judgments on EC private law as a coherent Restatement, the Acquis Principles (ACQP). These Principles present the current state of EC law in a structure which allows readers to identify commonalities, contradictions and gaps in the Acquis.

Author : Geraint G. Howells,Reiner Schulze
Publisher : sellier. european law publ.
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Aftaleret
ISBN : 9783866530829

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Modernising and Harmonising Consumer Contract Law by Geraint G. Howells,Reiner Schulze Pdf

In October 2008, the European Commission published the Proposal for a Consumer Rights Directive - a proposal that suggests far-reaching changes to the core of consumer contract law. Four current directives are replaced by a new overarching piece of legislation. In doing so, full harmonization should, for the most part, take the place of the minimum standard presently in force in the EU. Although a welcomed initiative, the extent and possible effects of the Proposal have certainly brought a number of issues to the fore. In January 2009, legal experts - from universities, legal practices, and the civil service - met at Manchester University to address the issues raised by the Proposal and to address the question of the extent to which the Proposal can indeed contribute to the modernization and harmonization of European consumer contract law. This book contains the proceedings of the conference, and includes papers that analyze, criticize, and suggest improvements for the Proposal.

Author : Council of Europe. Committee of Ministers
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Conditions (Law)
ISBN : UVA:X030347622

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Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts and an Appropriate Method of Control by Council of Europe. Committee of Ministers Pdf

Author : Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi
Publisher : Springer
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-18
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783319280745

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Contents and Effects of Contracts-Lessons to Learn From The Common European Sales Law by Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi Pdf

This book presents a critical analysis of the rules on the contents and effects of contracts included in the proposal for a Common European Sales Law (CESL). The European Commission published this proposal in October 2011 and then withdrew it in December 2014, notwithstanding the support the proposal had received from the European Parliament in February 2014. On 6 May 2015, in its Communication ‘A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe’, the Commission expressed its intention to “make an amended legislative proposal (...) further harmonising the main rights and obligations of the parties to a sales contract”. The critical comments and suggestions contained in this book, to be understood as lessons to learn from the CESL, intend to help not only the Commission but also other national and supranational actors, both public and private (including courts, lawyers, stakeholders, contract parties, academics and students) in dealing with present and future European and national instruments in the field of contract law. The book is structured into two parts. The first part contains five essays exploring the origin, the ambitions and the possible future role of the CESL and its rules on the contents and effects of contracts. The second part contains specific comments to each of the model rules on the contents and effects of contracts laid down in Chapter 7 CESL (Art. 66-78). Together, the essays and comments in this volume contribute to answering the question of whether and to what extent rules such as those laid down in Art. 66-78 CESL could improve or worsen the position of consumers and businesses in comparison to the correspondent provisions of national contract law. The volume adopts a comparative perspective focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on German and Dutch law.

Author : Jiangqiu Ge
Publisher : Springer
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789811329890

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A Comparative Analysis of Policing Consumer Contracts in China and the EU by Jiangqiu Ge Pdf

This book seeks to fill a gap in the existing literature by describing the formulation, interpretation and enforcement of the rules on consumer contracts in China and the EU, and by mapping key similarities and differences. The study addresses selected issues regarding consumer contracts: sources of law in the two jurisdictions are first discussed to set the scene. Afterwards, one preliminary issue - how to define the concept of a consumer contract - and two substantive topics - unfair terms and withdrawal rights - are dealt with. Apart from the descriptive analysis, the book also provides possible explanations for these comparative findings, and argues that the differences in consumer contract rules can be primarily attributed to a disparity of markets. The book offers a valuable resource, particularly for researchers and practitioners in the fields of private law and comparative law.