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Author : Laurel E. Miller,Louis Aucoin
Publisher : US Institute of Peace Press
Page : 737 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 9781601270559
Analyzing nineteen cases, this title offers practical perspective on the implications of constitution-making procedure, and explores emerging international legal norms.
Author : Sadamichi Maekawa,Takami Tohyama,Stewart Edward Barnes,Sumio Ishihara,Wataru Koshibae,Giniyat Khaliullin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783662092989
The fact that magnetite (Fe304) was already known in the Greek era as a peculiar mineral is indicative of the long history of transition metal oxides as useful materials. The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in 1986 has renewed interest in transition metal oxides. High-temperature su perconductors are all cuprates. Why is it? To answer to this question, we must understand the electronic states in the cuprates. Transition metal oxides are also familiar as magnets. They might be found stuck on the door of your kitchen refrigerator. Magnetic materials are valuable not only as magnets but as electronics materials. Manganites have received special attention recently because of their extremely large magnetoresistance, an effect so large that it is called colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). What is the difference between high-temperature superconducting cuprates and CMR manganites? Elements with incomplete d shells in the periodic table are called tran sition elements. Among them, the following eight elements with the atomic numbers from 22 to 29, i. e. , Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu are the most im portant. These elements make compounds with oxygen and present a variety of properties. High-temperature superconductivity and CMR are examples. Most of the textbooks on magnetism discuss the magnetic properties of transition metal oxides. However, when one studies magnetism using tradi tional textbooks, one finds that the transport properties are not introduced in the initial stages.
Author : Hartmut Yersin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2003-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540444749
There exists a large literature on the spectroscopic properties of copper(II) com- 9 pounds. This is due to the simplicity of the d electron configuration, the wide variety of stereochemistries that copper(II) compounds can adopt, and the f- xional geometric behavior that they sometimes exhibit [1]. The electronic and geometric properties of a molecule are inexorably linked and this is especially true with six-coordinate copper(II) compounds which are subject to a Jahn-T- ler effect.However,the spectral-structural correlations that are sometimes d- wn must often be viewed with caution as the information contained in a typical solution UV-Vis absorption spectrum of a copper(II) compound is limited. Meaningful spectral-structural correlations can be obtained in a related series of compounds where detailed spectroscopic data is available. In the fol- 4– lowing sections two such series are examined; the six-coordinate CuF and 6 2+ Cu(H O) ions doped as impurities in single crystal hosts.Using low tempera- 2 6 ture polarized optical spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance, a very detailed picture can be drawn about the geometry of these ions in both their ground and excited electronic states. We then compare the spectrosco- cally determined structural data with that obtained from X-ray diffraction or EXAFS measurements.
Author : Daniel R. Windle,L. Rene Abreo
Publisher : Prentice Hall Professional
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0130969729
Software Requirements Using the Unified Process: A Practical Approach presents an easy-to-apply methodology for creating requirements. Learn to build user requirements, requirements architecture, and the specifications more quickly and at a lower cost. The authors present realistic solutions for the entire requirements process: gathering, analysis, specification, and maintenance.
Author : Richard B. Freeman,Robert H. Topel,Birgitta Swedenborg
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780226261850
Once heralded in the 1950s and 1960s as a model welfare state, Sweden is now in transition and in trouble since its economic plunge in the early 1990s. This volume presents ten essays that examine Sweden's economic problems from a U.S. perspective. Exploring such diverse topics as income equalization and efficiency, welfare and tax policy, wage determination and unemployment, and international competitiveness and growth, they consider how Sweden's welfare state succeeded in eliminating poverty and became a role model for other countries. They then reflect on Sweden's past economic problems, such as the increase in government spending and the fall in industrial productivity, warning of problems to come. Finally they review the consequences of the collapse of Sweden's economy in the early 1990s, exploring the implications of its efforts to reform its welfare state and reestablish a healthy economy. This volume will be of interest to policymakers and analysts, social scientists, and economists interested in welfare states.
Author : David D. Briske
Publisher : Springer
Page : 661 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319467092
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book provides an unprecedented synthesis of the current status of scientific and management knowledge regarding global rangelands and the major challenges that confront them. It has been organized around three major themes. The first summarizes the conceptual advances that have occurred in the rangeland profession. The second addresses the implications of these conceptual advances to management and policy. The third assesses several major challenges confronting global rangelands in the 21st century. This book will compliment applied range management textbooks by describing the conceptual foundation on which the rangeland profession is based. It has been written to be accessible to a broad audience, including ecosystem managers, educators, students and policy makers. The content is founded on the collective experience, knowledge and commitment of 80 authors who have worked in rangelands throughout the world. Their collective contributions indicate that a more comprehensive framework is necessary to address the complex challenges confronting global rangelands. Rangelands represent adaptive social-ecological systems, in which societal values, organizations and capacities are of equal importance to, and interact with, those of ecological processes. A more comprehensive framework for rangeland systems may enable management agencies, and educational, research and policy making organizations to more effectively assess complex problems and develop appropriate solutions.
Author : Takayuki Fueno
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000725292
The transition state is the critical configuration of a reaction system situated at the highest point of the most favorable reaction path on the potential-energy surface, its characteristics governing the dynamic behavior of reacting systems decisively. This text presents an accurate survey of current theoretical investigations of chemical reactions, with a focus on the nature of the transition state. Its scope ranges from general basic theories associated with the transition states, to their computer-assisted applications, through to a number of reactions in a state-of-the-art fashion. It covers various types of gas-phase elementary reactions, as well as some specific types of chemical processes taking place in the liquid phase. Also investigated is the recently developing transition state spectroscopy. This text will not only serve as a contemporary reference book on the concept of the transition state, but will also assist the readers in gaining valuable key principles regarding the essence of chemical kinetics and dynamics.
Author : R. Gandour
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 625 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468499780
The transItIOn-state theory has been, from the point of its inception, the most influential principle in the development of our knowledge of reaction mechanisms in solution. It is natural that as the field of biochemical dynamics has achieved new levels of refinement its students have increasingly adopted the concepts and methods of transition-state theory. Indeed, every dynamical problem of biochemistry finds its most elegant and economical statement in the terms of this theory. Enzyme catalytic power, for example, derives from the interaction of enzyme and substrate structures in the transition state, so that an understanding of this power must grow from a knowledge of these structures and interactions. Similarly, transition-state interactions, and the way in which they change as protein structure is altered, constitute the pivotal feature upon which molecular evolution must turn. The complete, coupled dynamical system of the organism, incorporating the transport of matter and energy as well as local chemical processes, will eventually have to yield to a description of its component transition-state structures and their energetic response characteristics, even if the form of the description goes beyond present-day transition-state theory. Finally, the importance of biochemical effectors in medicine and agriculture carries the subject into the world of practical affairs, in the use of transition-state information for the construction of ultra potent biological agents.
Author : Bruce Averill,Patricia Eldredge
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1233 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Chemistry
ISBN : 0321413709
Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science.
Author : Stéphane Demri,Valentin Goranko,Martin Lange
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 753 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781107028364
A comprehensive, modern and technically precise exposition of the theory and main applications of temporal logics in computer science.
Author : William S. Davis,David C. Yen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 792 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-04-30
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1420049100
The Information System Consultant's Handbook familiarizes systems analysts, systems designers, and information systems consultants with underlying principles, specific documentation, and methodologies. Corresponding to the primary stages in the systems development life cycle, the book divides into eight sections: Principles Information Gathering and Problem Definition Project Planning and Project Management Systems Analysis Identifying Alternatives Component Design Testing and Implementation Operation and Maintenance Eighty-two chapters comprise the book, and each chapter covers a single tool, technique, set of principles, or methodology. The clear, concise narrative, supplemented with numerous illustrations and diagrams, makes the material accessible for readers - effectively outlining new and unfamiliar analysis and design topics.
Author : Brenn Hill,Samanyu Chopra,Paul Valencourt
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-10
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781788994255
Understand the Blockchain revolution and get to grips with Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, and Corda. Key Features Resolve common challenges and problems faced in the Blockchain domain Study architecture, concepts, terminologies, and Dapps Make smart choices using Blockchain for personal and business investments Book Description Blockchain Quick Reference takes you through the electrifying world of blockchain technology and is designed for those who want to polish their existing knowledge regarding the various pillars of the blockchain ecosystem. This book is your go-to guide, teaching you how to apply principles and ideas for making your life and business better. You will cover the architecture, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs), tokens, smart contracts, and terminologies of the blockchain technology, before studying how they work. All you need is a curious mind to get started with blockchain technology. Once you have grasped the basics, you will explore components of Ethereum, such as ether tokens, transactions, and smart contracts, in order to build simple Dapps. You will then move on to learning why Solidity is used specifically for Ethereum-based projects, followed by exploring different types of blockchain with easy-to-follow examples. All this will help you tackle challenges and problems. By the end of this book, you will not only have solved current and future problems relating to blockchain technology but will also be able to build efficient decentralized applications. What you will learn Understand how blockchain architecture components work Acquaint yourself with cryptography and the mechanics behind blockchain Apply consensus protocol to determine the business sustainability Understand what ICOs and crypto-mining are and how they work Create cryptocurrency wallets and coins for transaction mechanisms Understand the use of Ethereum for smart contract and DApp development Who this book is for Blockchain Quick Reference is for you if you are a developer who wants to get well-versed with blockchain and its associated concepts and terminologies. You will explore the working mechanism of a decentralized application with the help of examples. Business leaders and blockchain enthusiasts will also find this book useful, as it will help you effectively address challenges and make better personal and business investments.
Author : Arslan Munir,Ann Gordon-Ross,Sanjay Ranka
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781119086413
This book introduces the state-of-the-art in research in parallel and distributed embedded systems, which have been enabled by developments in silicon technology, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), wireless communications, computer networking, and digital electronics. These systems have diverse applications in domains including military and defense, medical, automotive, and unmanned autonomous vehicles. The emphasis of the book is on the modeling and optimization of emerging parallel and distributed embedded systems in relation to the three key design metrics of performance, power and dependability. Key features: Includes an embedded wireless sensor networks case study to help illustrate the modeling and optimization of distributed embedded systems. Provides an analysis of multi-core/many-core based embedded systems to explain the modeling and optimization of parallel embedded systems. Features an application metrics estimation model; Markov modeling for fault tolerance and analysis; and queueing theoretic modeling for performance evaluation. Discusses optimization approaches for distributed wireless sensor networks; high-performance and energy-efficient techniques at the architecture, middleware and software levels for parallel multicore-based embedded systems; and dynamic optimization methodologies. Highlights research challenges and future research directions. The book is primarily aimed at researchers in embedded systems; however, it will also serve as an invaluable reference to senior undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in embedded systems research.
Author : K. Motizuki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400945760
The structural phase transition is one of the most fundamental problems in solid state physics. Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides provide us with a most exciting area for the study of structural phase transitions that are associated with the charge density wave (CDW). A large variety of structural phase transitions, such as commensurate and incommensurate transitions, and the physical proper ties related to the formation of a CDW, have been an object of intense study made for many years by methods employing modem microscopic techniques. Rather recently, efforts have been devoted to the theoretical understanding of these experimental results. Thus, McMillan, for example, has developed an elegant phenomenological theory on the basis of the Landau free energy expansion. An extension of McMillan's theory has provided a successful understanding of the successive phase transitions observed in the IT- and 2H-compounds. In addition, a microscopic theory of lattice instability, lattice dynamics, and lattice distortion in the CDW state of the transition-metal dichalcogenides has been developed based on their electronic structures. As a result, the driving force of the CDW formation in the IT- and 2H-compounds has become clear. Furthermore, the effect of lattice fluctuations on the CDW transition and on the anomalous behavior of various physical properties has been made clear microscopically.
Author : Jens Hoff,Quentin Gausset,Simon Lex
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000576764
This book argues that there is no way to make progress in building a sustainable future without extensive participation of non-state actors. The volume explores the contribution of non-state actors to a sustainable transition, starting with citizens and communities of different kinds and ending with cities and city-networks. The authors analyse social, cultural, political and economic drivers and barriers for this transition, from individual behaviour to structural restraints, and investigate interplay between the two. Through a series of wide-ranging case studies from the UK, Australia, Germany, Italy and Denmark, and a number of comparative case studies, the volume provides an empirically and theoretically robust argument that highlights the need to develop, widen and scale up collective action and community-based engagement if the transition to sustainability is to be successful. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, sustainability and environmental policy.
