Statistical Analysis Of Ecotoxicity Studies

Author : John W. Green,Timothy A. Springer,Henrik Holbech
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119088349

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Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies by John W. Green,Timothy A. Springer,Henrik Holbech Pdf

A guide to the issues relevant to the design, analysis, and interpretation of toxicity studies that examine chemicals for use in the environment Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies offers a guide to the design, analysis, and interpretation of a range of experiments that are used to assess the toxicity of chemicals. While the book highlights ecotoxicity studies, the methods presented are applicable to the broad range of toxicity studies. The text contains myriad datasets (from laboratory and field research) that clearly illustrate the book's topics. The datasets reveal the techniques, pitfalls, and precautions derived from these studies. The text includes information on recently developed methods for the analysis of severity scores and other ordered responses, as well as extensive power studies of competing tests and computer simulation studies of regression models that offer an understanding of the sensitivity (or lack thereof) of various methods and the quality of parameter estimates from regression models. The authors also discuss the regulatory process indicating how test guidelines are developed and review the statistical methodology in current or pending OECD and USEPA ecotoxicity guidelines. This important guide: Offers the information needed for the design and analysis to a wide array of ecotoxicity experiments and to the development of international test guidelines used to assess the toxicity of chemicals Contains a thorough examination of the statistical issues that arise in toxicity studies, especially ecotoxicity Includes an introduction to toxicity experiments and statistical analysis basics Includes programs in R and excel Covers the analysis of continuous and Quantal data, analysis of data as well as Regulatory Issues Presents additional topics (Mesocosm and Microplate experiments, mixtures of chemicals, benchmark dose models, and limit tests) as well as software Written for directors, scientists, regulators, and technicians, Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies provides a sound understanding of the technical and practical issues in designing, analyzing, and interpreting toxicity studies to support or challenge chemicals for use in the environment.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2006-05-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264085275

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OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Current Approaches in the Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data A guidance to application (annexes to this publication exist as a separate document) by OECD Pdf

This document describes the main statistical methods used for analysis of data from ecotoxicological studies .

Author : John W. Green,Timothy A. Springer,Henrik Holbech
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119488828

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Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies by John W. Green,Timothy A. Springer,Henrik Holbech Pdf

A guide to the issues relevant to the design, analysis, and interpretation of toxicity studies that examine chemicals for use in the environment Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies offers a guide to the design, analysis, and interpretation of a range of experiments that are used to assess the toxicity of chemicals. While the book highlights ecotoxicity studies, the methods presented are applicable to the broad range of toxicity studies. The text contains myriad datasets (from laboratory and field research) that clearly illustrate the book's topics. The datasets reveal the techniques, pitfalls, and precautions derived from these studies. The text includes information on recently developed methods for the analysis of severity scores and other ordered responses, as well as extensive power studies of competing tests and computer simulation studies of regression models that offer an understanding of the sensitivity (or lack thereof) of various methods and the quality of parameter estimates from regression models. The authors also discuss the regulatory process indicating how test guidelines are developed and review the statistical methodology in current or pending OECD and USEPA ecotoxicity guidelines. This important guide: Offers the information needed for the design and analysis to a wide array of ecotoxicity experiments and to the development of international test guidelines used to assess the toxicity of chemicals Contains a thorough examination of the statistical issues that arise in toxicity studies, especially ecotoxicity Includes an introduction to toxicity experiments and statistical analysis basics Includes programs in R and excel Covers the analysis of continuous and Quantal data, analysis of data as well as Regulatory Issues Presents additional topics (Mesocosm and Microplate experiments, mixtures of chemicals, benchmark dose models, and limit tests) as well as software Written for directors, scientists, regulators, and technicians, Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Studies provides a sound understanding of the technical and practical issues in designing, analyzing, and interpreting toxicity studies to support or challenge chemicals for use in the environment.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309310161

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A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions Pdf

Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. As scientific knowledge has expanded there has been an increased awareness of the mechanisms through which chemicals may exert harmful effects on human health, as well as their effects on other species and ecosystems. Identification of high-priority chemicals and other chemicals of concern has prompted a growing number of state and local governments, as well as major companies, to take steps beyond existing hazardous chemical federal legislation. Interest in approaches and policies that ensure that any new substances substituted for chemicals of concern are assessed as carefully and thoroughly as possible has also burgeoned. The overarching goal of these approaches is to avoid regrettable substitutions, which occur when a toxic chemical is replaced by another chemical that later proved unsuitable because of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, or other concerns. Chemical alternative assessments are tools designed to facilitate consideration of these factors to assist stakeholders in identifying chemicals that may have the greatest likelihood of harm to human and ecological health, and to provide guidance on how the industry may develop and adopt safer alternatives. A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives develops and demonstrates a decision framework for evaluating potentially safer substitute chemicals as primarily determined by human health and ecological risks. This new framework is informed by previous efforts by regulatory agencies, academic institutions, and others to develop alternative assessment frameworks that could be operationalized. In addition to hazard assessments, the framework incorporates steps for life-cycle thinking - which considers possible impacts of a chemical at all stages including production, use, and disposal - as well as steps for performance and economic assessments. The report also highlights how modern information sources such as computational modeling can supplement traditional toxicology data in the assessment process. This new framework allows the evaluation of the full range of benefits and shortcomings of substitutes, and examination of tradeoffs between these risks and factors such as product functionality, product efficacy, process safety, and resource use. Through case studies, this report demonstrates how different users in contrasting decision contexts with diverse priorities can apply the framework. This report will be an essential resource to the chemical industry, environmentalists, ecologists, and state and local governments.

Author : Jean-Francois Férard,Christian Blaise
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9400750404

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Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology by Jean-Francois Férard,Christian Blaise Pdf

With its 104 chapters, this Encyclopedia of aquatic ecotoxicology reveals the diversity of issues, problems and challenges that have faced, and are facing today, receiving environments. It also indicates ways by which tools, strategies and future investigations can contribute to correct, minimize, solve and prevent water quality degradation. Structured homogeneously, the chapters convey salient information on historical background, features, characteristics, uses and/or applications of treated topics, often complemented by illustrations and case studies, as well as by conclusions and prospects. This work is most suitable for teaching purposes. Academics, for example, could literally deliver comprehensive lectures to students simply based on chapter outlines and contents. Meet the Authors of the Encyclopedia! Check out 'Meet the Authors' under ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Right menu).

Author : W. Waynon Johnson,Mack T. Finley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Acute toxicity testing
ISBN : UOM:39015095238948

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Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates by W. Waynon Johnson,Mack T. Finley Pdf

Author : Julián Blasco,Peter M. Chapman,Olivia Campana,Miriam Hampel
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-08-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128033722

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Marine Ecotoxicology by Julián Blasco,Peter M. Chapman,Olivia Campana,Miriam Hampel Pdf

Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination, responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in relation to the world’s oceans. As the threat of increasing pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to mitigate that threat. Provides practical tools and methods for assessing and monitoring the accumulation and effects of contaminants in marine environments Unites world renowned experts in marine ecotoxicology to deliver thorough and diverse perspectives Builds the foundation required for risk assessors and regulators to adequately assess and monitor the impact of pollution in marine environments Offers helpful insights and guidance to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators interested in mitigating threats to marine waters

Author : Leo Posthuma,Glenn W. Suter II,Theo P. Traas
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 617 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2001-12-20
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781420032314

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Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology by Leo Posthuma,Glenn W. Suter II,Theo P. Traas Pdf

In spite of the growing importance of Species Sensitivity Distribution models (SSDs) in ecological risk assessments, the conceptual basis, strengths, and weaknesses of using them have not been comprehensively reviewed. This book fills that need. Written by a panel of international experts, Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology reviews

Author : Steve Gilbert,Asish Mohapatra,Sol Bobst,Antoinette Hayes,Sara T. Humes
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 1055 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128137253

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Information Resources in Toxicology, Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools by Steve Gilbert,Asish Mohapatra,Sol Bobst,Antoinette Hayes,Sara T. Humes Pdf

This new fifth edition of Information Resources in Toxicology offers a consolidated entry portal for the study, research, and practice of toxicology. Both volumes represents a unique, wide-ranging, curated, international, annotated bibliography, and directory of major resources in toxicology and allied fields such as environmental and occupational health, chemical safety, and risk assessment. The editors and authors are among the leaders of the profession sharing their cumulative wisdom in toxicology’s subdisciplines. This edition keeps pace with the digital world in directing and linking readers to relevant websites and other online tools. Due to the increasing size of the hardcopy publication, the current edition has been divided into two volumes to make it easier to handle and consult. Volume 1: Background, Resources, and Tools, arranged in 5 parts, begins with chapters on the science of toxicology, its history, and informatics framework in Part 1. Part 2 continues with chapters organized by more specific subject such as cancer, clinical toxicology, genetic toxicology, etc. The categorization of chapters by resource format, for example, journals and newsletters, technical reports, organizations constitutes Part 3. Part 4 further considers toxicology’s presence via the Internet, databases, and software tools. Among the miscellaneous topics in the concluding Part 5 are laws and regulations, professional education, grants and funding, and patents. Volume 2: The Global Arena offers contributed chapters focusing on the toxicology contributions of over 40 countries, followed by a glossary of toxicological terms and an appendix of popular quotations related to the field. The book, offered in both print and electronic formats, is carefully structured, indexed, and cross-referenced to enable users to easily find answers to their questions or serendipitously locate useful knowledge they were not originally aware they needed. Among the many timely topics receiving increased emphasis are disaster preparedness, nanotechnology, -omics, risk assessment, societal implications such as ethics and the precautionary principle, climate change, and children’s environmental health. Introductory chapters provide a backdrop to the science of toxicology, its history, the origin and status of toxicoinformatics, and starting points for identifying resources Offers an extensive array of chapters organized by subject, each highlighting resources such as journals, databases,organizations, and review articles Includes chapters with an emphasis on format such as government reports, general interest publications, blogs, and audiovisuals Explores recent internet trends, web-based databases, and software tools in a section on the online environment Concludes with a miscellany of special topics such as laws and regulations, chemical hazard communication resources, careers and professional education, K-12 resources, funding, poison control centers, and patents Paired with Volume Two, which focuses on global resources, this set offers the most comprehensive compendium of print, digital, and organizational resources in the toxicological sciences with over 120 chapters contributions by experts and leaders in the field

Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Water quality biological assessment
ISBN : 9781428905375

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Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science, Technology, and Law Program,Committee on the Use of Third Party Toxicity Research with Human Research Participants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2004-06-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309166416

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Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Science, Technology, and Law Program,Committee on the Use of Third Party Toxicity Research with Human Research Participants Pdf

The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.

Author : Michael C. Newman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1994-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0873716221

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Quantitative Methods in Aquatic Ecotoxicology by Michael C. Newman Pdf

This book provides a quantitative treatment of the science of ecotoxicology. The first chapters consider fundamental concepts and definitions essential to understanding the fate and effects of toxicants at various levels of ecological organization as covered in the remaining chapters. Scientific ecotoxicology and associated topics are defined. The historical perspective, rationale, and characteristics are outlined for the strong inferential and quantitative approach advocated in this book. The general measurement process is discussed, and methodologies for defining and controlling variance, which could otherwise exclude valid conclusions regarding ecotoxicological endeavors, are considered. Ecotoxicological concepts at increasing levels of ecological organization are discussed in the second part of the book. Quantitative methods used to measure toxicant effects are outlined in this section. The final chapter summarizes the book with a brief discussion of ecotoxicological assessment. Numerous figures and tables accompany text, with many statistical tables found in the appendix for quick reference. Although the book primarily focuses on aquatic systems, with appropriate modification the concepts and methods can be applied to terrestrial systems.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Incorporating 21st Century Science into Risk-Based Evaluations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309453486

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Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Incorporating 21st Century Science into Risk-Based Evaluations Pdf

Over the last decade, several large-scale United States and international programs have been initiated to incorporate advances in molecular and cellular biology, -omics technologies, analytical methods, bioinformatics, and computational tools and methods into the field of toxicology. Similar efforts are being pursued in the field of exposure science with the goals of obtaining more accurate and complete exposure data on individuals and populations for thousands of chemicals over the lifespan; predicting exposures from use data and chemical-property information; and translating exposures between test systems and humans. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations makes recommendations for integrating new scientific approaches into risk-based evaluations. This study considers the scientific advances that have occurred following the publication of the NRC reports Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy and Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. Given the various ongoing lines of investigation and new data streams that have emerged, this publication proposes how best to integrate and use the emerging results in evaluating chemical risk. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations considers whether a new paradigm is needed for data validation, how to integrate the divergent data streams, how uncertainty might need to be characterized, and how best to communicate the new approaches so that they are understandable to various stakeholders.

Author : T.L. Forbes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1993-11-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 0412435306

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Ecotoxicology in Theory and Practice by T.L. Forbes Pdf

Second in our Ecotoxicology series, this book presents a timely discussion of theoretical and practical issues involved in the study of ecotoxicology. By concentrating on the key issues, the book provides an exciting introduction for those new to ecotoxicology while stimulating veterans in the field into lively debate.

Author : S. A. L. M. Kooijman,Jacques J. M. Bedaux
Publisher : Vu University Press
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822023738735

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The Analysis of Aquatic Toxicity Data by S. A. L. M. Kooijman,Jacques J. M. Bedaux Pdf