Statistical Evidence

Author : Richard Royall
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781351414555

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Statistical Evidence by Richard Royall Pdf

Interpreting statistical data as evidence, Statistical Evidence: A Likelihood Paradigm focuses on the law of likelihood, fundamental to solving many of the problems associated with interpreting data in this way. Statistics has long neglected this principle, resulting in a seriously defective methodology. This book redresses the balance, explaining why science has clung to a defective methodology despite its well-known defects. After examining the strengths and weaknesses of the work of Neyman and Pearson and the Fisher paradigm, the author proposes an alternative paradigm which provides, in the law of likelihood, the explicit concept of evidence missing from the other paradigms. At the same time, this new paradigm retains the elements of objective measurement and control of the frequency of misleading results, features which made the old paradigms so important to science. The likelihood paradigm leads to statistical methods that have a compelling rationale and an elegant simplicity, no longer forcing the reader to choose between frequentist and Bayesian statistics.

Author : Michael Evans
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-23
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781482242805

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Measuring Statistical Evidence Using Relative Belief by Michael Evans Pdf

This book provides an overview of recent work on developing a theory of statistical inference based on measuring statistical evidence. It attempts to establish a gold standard for how a statistical analysis should proceed. The book illustrates relative belief theory using many examples and describes the strengths and weaknesses of the theory. The author also addresses fundamental statistical issues, including the meaning of probability, the role of subjectivity, the meaning of objectivity, and the role of infinity and continuity.

Author : Bill Thompson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 155 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2007-12-21
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780387400549

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The Nature of Statistical Evidence by Bill Thompson Pdf

The purpose of this book is to discuss whether statistical methods make sense. The present volume begins the task of providing interpretations and explanations of several theories of statistical evidence. It should be relevant to anyone interested in the logic of experimental science. Have we achieved a true Foundation of Statistics? We have made the link with one widely accepted view of science and we have explained the senses in which Bayesian statistics and p-values allow us to draw conclusions. This book has substantial implications for all users of Statistical methods.

Author : Stephen D. Simon
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0198567618

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Statistical Evidence in Medical Trials by Stephen D. Simon Pdf

Aimed at students and researchers in statistics and in the medical and health care sector as well as those who use and assess medical data, this work addresses common pitfalls in experimental design, focusing on the errors and misleading data that stem from flawed experiments and analytical methods in medical research.

Author : Richard Royall
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781351414562

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Statistical Evidence by Richard Royall Pdf

Interpreting statistical data as evidence, Statistical Evidence: A Likelihood Paradigm focuses on the law of likelihood, fundamental to solving many of the problems associated with interpreting data in this way. Statistics has long neglected this principle, resulting in a seriously defective methodology. This book redresses the balance, explaining why science has clung to a defective methodology despite its well-known defects. After examining the strengths and weaknesses of the work of Neyman and Pearson and the Fisher paradigm, the author proposes an alternative paradigm which provides, in the law of likelihood, the explicit concept of evidence missing from the other paradigms. At the same time, this new paradigm retains the elements of objective measurement and control of the frequency of misleading results, features which made the old paradigms so important to science. The likelihood paradigm leads to statistical methods that have a compelling rationale and an elegant simplicity, no longer forcing the reader to choose between frequentist and Bayesian statistics.

Author : Jae H. (Paul) Kim,Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783036508825

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Towards a New Paradigm for Statistical Evidence by Jae H. (Paul) Kim,Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti Pdf

Many scientists now widely agree that the current paradigm of statistical significance should be abandoned or largely modified. In response to these calls for change, a Special Issue of Econometrics (MDPI) has been proposed. This book is a collection of the articles that have been published in this Special Issue. These seven articles add new insights to the problem and propose new methods that lay a solid foundation for the new paradigm for statistical significance.

Author : Paul-Andre Monney
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642517464

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A Mathematical Theory of Arguments for Statistical Evidence by Paul-Andre Monney Pdf

The subject of this book is the reasoning under uncertainty based on sta tistical evidence, where the word reasoning is taken to mean searching for arguments in favor or against particular hypotheses of interest. The kind of reasoning we are using is composed of two aspects. The first one is inspired from classical reasoning in formal logic, where deductions are made from a knowledge base of observed facts and formulas representing the domain spe cific knowledge. In this book, the facts are the statistical observations and the general knowledge is represented by an instance of a special kind of sta tistical models called functional models. The second aspect deals with the uncertainty under which the formal reasoning takes place. For this aspect, the theory of hints [27] is the appropriate tool. Basically, we assume that some uncertain perturbation takes a specific value and then logically eval uate the consequences of this assumption. The original uncertainty about the perturbation is then transferred to the consequences of the assumption. This kind of reasoning is called assumption-based reasoning. Before going into more details about the content of this book, it might be interesting to look briefly at the roots and origins of assumption-based reasoning in the statistical context. In 1930, R. A. Fisher [17] defined the notion of fiducial distribution as the result of a new form of argument, as opposed to the result of the older Bayesian argument.

Author : Stephen D. Simon
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2006-02-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191588228

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Statistical Evidence in Medical Trials by Stephen D. Simon Pdf

Statistical Evidence in Medical Trials is a lucid, well-written and entertaining text that addresses common pitfalls in evaluating medical research. Including extensive use of publications from the medical literature and a non-technical account of how to appraise the quality of evidence presented in these publications, this book is ideal for health care professionals, students in medical or nursing schools, researchers and students in statistics, and anyone needing to assess the evidence published in medical journals. Stephen D. Simon earned a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of Iowa in 1982. He currently works as a research biostatistician at Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics in Kansas City, MO. He has authored or co-authored over 60 publications in a variety of medical and statistical journals, four of which have won awards. He has given a wide range of lectures and classes on statistics, evidence based medicine, research ethics, and quality control.

Author : Thomas Ogilvy (of Corrimony.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1849
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0017236298

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Statistical Evidence Affecting the Question of the Navigation Laws by Thomas Ogilvy (of Corrimony.) Pdf

Author : Colin Aitken,Franco Taroni
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2004-11-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780470011225

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Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence for Forensic Scientists by Colin Aitken,Franco Taroni Pdf

The first edition of Statistics and the Evaluation of Evidence for Forensic Scientists established itself as a highly regarded authority on this area. Fully revised and updated, the second edition provides significant new material on areas of current interest including: Glass Interpretation Fibres Interpretation Bayes’ Nets The title presents comprehensive coverage of the statistical evaluation of forensic evidence. It is written with the assumption of a modest mathematical background and is illustrated throughout with up-to-date examples from a forensic science background. The clarity of exposition makes this book ideal for all forensic scientists, lawyers and other professionals in related fields interested in the quantitative assessment and evaluation of evidence. 'There can be no doubt that the appreciation of some evidence in a court of law has been greatly enhanced by the sound use of statistical ideas and one can be confident that the next decade will see further developments, during which time this book will admirably serve those who have cause to use statistics in forensic science.' D.V. Lindley

Author : Stephen E. Fienberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781461236047

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The Evolving Role of Statistical Assessments as Evidence in the Courts by Stephen E. Fienberg Pdf

With increasing frequency, the proof of facts in legal proceedings en tails the use of quantitative methods. Judges, lawyers, statisticians, social scientists, and many others involved in judicial processes must address is sues such as the evaluation and interpretation of quantitative evidence, the ethical and professional obligations of expert witnesses, and the roles of court-appointed witnesses. The Panel on Statistical Assessments as Evi dence in the Courts was convened to help clarify these issues and provide some guidance in addressing the difficulties encountered in the use of quan titative assessments in legal proceedings. This report is the culmination of more than three years of research and deliberation. In it, we address a variety of issues that arise in federal and state court proceedings when statistical assessments such as quantitative descriptions, causal inferences, and predictions of events based on earlier occurrences are presented as evidence. We appraise the forms in which such assessments are presented, aspects of their admission into evidence, and the response to and evaluation of them by judges and juries.

Author : J. Martin Bland,Janet Peacock
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2000-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0192629921

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Statistical Questions in Evidence-based Medicine by J. Martin Bland,Janet Peacock Pdf

Statistical Questions in Evidence-based Medicine is a companion volume to the new edition of An Introduction to Medical Statistics and includes questions and answers which are complementary to the textbook. This new book takes a practical approach that develops an understanding of statistics and suggests appropriate questions to ask about research methods, figures and conclusions and whether they are evidence based. The book is a model of clarity and common sense in what is frequently an unnecessarily obscure area of science. It looks at the application of and provides a critique of statistics, encouraging an evidence-based approached to medical statistics. Through the critical evaulation of the published medical literature, the text will enable both students and researchers to understand the appropriate use of descriptive and inferential statistics in study design and when writing papers. The reproduction of short excerpts of material from published papers or summaries of their results are included and they are considered in a question and answer format. The reader can either read through the series of cases and follow through worked examples or work through the book themselves as a series of exercises. The questions are clearly graded, through the use of icons, in terms of difficulty into standard and postgraduate levels. This book will prove invaluable to students, medical researchers and doctors alike.

Author : Peter M. B. Cahusac
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781119549819

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Evidence-Based Statistics by Peter M. B. Cahusac Pdf

Evidence-Based Statistics: An Introduction to the Evidential Approach – from Likelihood Principle to Statistical Practice provides readers with a comprehensive and thorough guide to the evidential approach in statistics. The approach uses likelihood ratios, rather than the probabilities used by other statistical inference approaches. The evidential approach is conceptually easier to grasp, and the calculations more straightforward to perform. This book explains how to express data in terms of the strength of statistical evidence for competing hypotheses. The evidential approach is currently underused, despite its mathematical precision and statistical validity. Evidence-Based Statistics is an accessible and practical text filled with examples, illustrations and exercises. Additionally, the companion website complements and expands on the information contained in the book. While the evidential approach is unlikely to replace probability-based methods of statistical inference, it provides a useful addition to any statistician’s “bag of tricks.” In this book: It explains how to calculate statistical evidence for commonly used analyses, in a step-by-step fashion Analyses include: t tests, ANOVA (one-way, factorial, between- and within-participants, mixed), categorical analyses (binomial, Poisson, McNemar, rate ratio, odds ratio, data that’s ‘too good to be true’, multi-way tables), correlation, regression and nonparametric analyses (one sample, related samples, independent samples, multiple independent samples, permutation and bootstraps) Equations are given for all analyses, and R statistical code provided for many of the analyses Sample size calculations for evidential probabilities of misleading and weak evidence are explained Useful techniques, like Matthews’s critical prior interval, Goodman’s Bayes factor, and Armitage’s stopping rule are described Recommended for undergraduate and graduate students in any field that relies heavily on statistical analysis, as well as active researchers and professionals in those fields, Evidence-Based Statistics: An Introduction to the Evidential Approach – from Likelihood Principle to Statistical Practice belongs on the bookshelf of anyone who wants to amplify and empower their approach to statistical analysis.

Author : David Aronson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2011-07-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118160589

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Evidence-Based Technical Analysis by David Aronson Pdf

Evidence-Based Technical Analysis examines how you can apply the scientific method, and recently developed statistical tests, to determine the true effectiveness of technical trading signals. Throughout the book, expert David Aronson provides you with comprehensive coverage of this new methodology, which is specifically designed for evaluating the performance of rules/signals that are discovered by data mining.

Author : Mark L. Taper,Subhash R. Lele
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2004-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : UOM:39015060068437

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The Nature of Scientific Evidence by Mark L. Taper,Subhash R. Lele Pdf

Mark Taper, Subhash Lele and an esteemed group of contributors explore the relationships among hypotheses, models, data and interference on which scientific progress rests in an attempt to develop a new quantitative framework for evidence.